Transcript Document

CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION
SUMMARY
1.Haemoglobin - the unique compound of blood
2.Techniques of blood’s detection
 Luminescene
 Crystal reaction
 Catalytic color reaction
 Instrumental reaction
3.Resume of detection techniques
MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57,
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY,
SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.
IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?
2
HAEMOGLOBIN
α protein's subunits
β protein's subunits
iron-containing heme groups
Structure of human haemoglobin.
MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57,
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY,
SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.
IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?
3
TECHNIQUES OF BLOOD’S DETECTION
Technique
based on
Heme
stain
Proteins
stain
MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57,
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY,
SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Luminescence
Luminol/Lumiscene
Fluorescein
Crystal test
Takayama test
Catalytic color test
Leucocrystal violet
Kastle-Meyer test
Instrumental test
High performance
liquid
chromatography
Catalytic test
Amido black
CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.
IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?
4
CHEMILUMINESCENCE OF LUMINOL
+ hν 425 nm
1
MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57,
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY,
SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.
IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?
5
LUMINOL – EMISSION SPECTRUM
Luminol emission spectrum : peak at 425 nm
Human eye range : from 380 nm to 780 nm
MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57,
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY,
SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Detection of blood using Luminol on crime
scene
CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.
IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?
6
LUMISCENE – IMPROVED LUMINOL
Lumiscene’s emisson spectrum – peak at
525 nm
Color corresponding to wavelenght of 525 nm
 Same reaction but better wavelenght and eye sensitivity
MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57,
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY,
SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.
IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?
7
KASTLE-MEYER TEST - PHENOLPHTHALIN
MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57,
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY,
SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.
IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?
8
NEGATIVE/POSITIVE KASTLE-MEYER TEST
Negative and positive result to presence of blood
MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57,
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY,
SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.
IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?
9
RESUME
Compound Use
Color
Sensitivity Persistance
Interference
Damage
Luminol
Reagent for latent
bloodstains
Blue
glow
0,0001 ml of
blood
Photographs should
be taken within a
few hours
Copper salts,
brass, bronze and
other similar alloys
No
damage
KastleMeyer test
Reagent for latent and
visible bloodstain
Pink
0,000 001 ml
of blood
Immediate change
of color
Vegetable
peroxidases,
copper, nickel salts
Damage of
DNA
LCV
Latent prints, deposited
blood on non-porous
surfaces,visible blood prints
Purple
0,001 ml of
blood
Immediate change
of color
Copper, nickel and
other similar salts
Damage of
DNA
Takayama
test
Reagent for latent
bloodstain
Pink
crystals
0,001 ml of
blood
Formation of
crystals
none
Damage of
DNA
Fluorescein
Reagent for latent
bloodstains
Green
fluorescence
0,0001 ml of
blood
Photographs should
be taken within a
few hours
Copper, nickel and
other similar salts
No
damage
Amido
black
Latent prints and to
enhance visible blood prints
on painted surfaces
Dark
blue
0,001 ml of
blood
Photographs should
be taken within a
few hours
MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57,
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY,
SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.
IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?
Damage of
blood
sequence
10
Compound Use
Color
Sensitivity Persistance
Interference
Damage
Luminol
Reagent for latent
bloodstains
Blue
glow
0,0001 ml of
blood
Photographs should
be taken within a
few hours
Copper salts,
brass, bronze and
other similar alloys
No
damage
KastleMeyer test
Reagent for latent
bloodstain
Pink
0,000 001 ml
of blood
Immediate change
of color
Vegetable
peroxidases,
copper, nickel salts
Damage of
DNA
LCV
Latent prints, deposited
blood on non-porous
surfaces,visible blood prints
Purple
0,001 ml of
blood
Immediate change
of color
Copper, nickel and
other similar salts
Damage of
DNA
Takayama
test
Reagent for latent
bloodstain
Pink
crystals
0,001 ml of
blood
Formation of
crystals
None
Damage of
DNA
Fluorescein
Reagent for latent
bloodstains
Green
fluorescence
0,0001 ml of
blood
Photographs should
be taken within a
few hours
Copper, nickel and
other similar salts
No
damage
Amido
black
Latent prints and to
enhance visible blood prints
on painted surfaces
Dark
blue
0,001 ml of
blood
Photographs should
be taken within a
few hours
MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57,
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY,
SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.
IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?
Damage of
DNA
11
REFERENCES
•
Dr R V Winchester, XII-Biotech-A-Blood Detection-6;
•
O. Germain, C. Fregeau, and R.M. Fourney, Evaluation of the Effects of Blood
Enhancement Chemicals on the Subsequent Short Tandem Repeat DNA
Typing Analysis of Blood Fingerprints;
•
Shannon M. Casey, Hilary M. Stinnett, Gory Dactyloscopy;
MARTINA STANKOVA, 1B GROUP 57,
FACULTY OF CHEMICAL AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY,
SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
CHEMISTRY IN C.S.I.
IS THE BLOOD ALWAYS RED?
12