Transcript OJ Simpson Case Study Compilation
OJ Simpson Case Study Compilation
SUPA Forensics Period 8
O.J. Simpson Case: Background
Sara Starr, Michelle Hao, Mariam Momjian, Rebecca Song, Tristan Jeong
Who was O.J. Simpson?
• • • • • •
Born on July 9th, 1947 He was raised by his mother, along with three siblings Joined a street gang called the Persian Warriors at age 13 Was a very successful college football player for USC o he won the Heisman Trophy Went on to play football (as a running back) in the NFL until 1979 o he played for the Buffalo Bills o only became successful after the Bills changed their style of offense to showcase his talent Changed career paths and went into acting and commentating (was fairly successful)
• • •
The Personal Life of O.J. Simpson
• •
• O.J. married Marguerite L. Whitley in 1967 O.J. had three children with Marguerite o their daughter Aaren Lashone died just before her birthday at age 2 (1979) O.J. and Marguerite got a divorce in 1979 Before he got a divorce, O.J. met Nicole Brown, who was 17 years old In 1985 O.J. and Nicole were married o together they had two children In 1992, Nicole filed for divorce o Nicole had often complained that O.J. was abusive towards her (which O.J. always denied)
When, where, what?
• • • • Murder occurred on June 12th, 1994 Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman were found dead outside Nicole Brown’s luxury condominium 875 Bundy Drive • • (Supposedly) OJ Simpson brutally stabbed Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman to death Ronald Goldman was there just to drop off Nicole Brown’s sunglasses He was in the wrong place at the wrong time
Victims
Nicole Brown
• She was born in Frankfurt, Germany in 1959; moved with her family to Southern California as a toddler • She was working as a waitress when she met O.J. Simpson in 1977; she was 18 • She began dating Simpson, who was still married though he divorced his wife in 1979 • In 1977 Nicole Brown married O.J. Simpson • Had two kids with Simpson; Sydney and Justin • Nicole Brown was a devoted mother, as well as the owner of a small interior decorating business • O.J. was arrested for beating her (after a long history of bruises on her body), and they got divorced in 1992
Ronald Goldman
•
born and raised in Buffalo Grove, Illinois
•
moved to Southern California at age 18
•
extremely athletic; enjoyed fitness clubs and surfing
•
was not in a relationship with Nicole Simpson Brown, was merely returning sunglasses she had left at the restaurant where he was a waiter
Suspects
OJ Simpson
• Evidence found and collected at the scene led investigators to believe OJ was guilty • 6:20pm a chase began when OJ was seen being driven in his white Bronco, by his friend, and holding a gun to his head. A captured conversation revealed Simpson repeatedly saying that he was “the only one who deserved to get hurt”- his actions were interpreted as an admission of guilt.
• The chase ended at 8:00 pm at his home in Brentwood, and Simpson was granted an hour to speak to his mother. • The authorities arrived, and upon Simpson’s surrender, they discovered $8000 in cash, clothing, a loaded .357 Magnum, passport, fake goatee, mustache, and family pictures in his Bronco.
By race: 9 blacks, 1 hispanic, 2 whites By sex: 10 women, 2 men By education: 2 college graduates, 9 high school graduates, 1 without diploma 5/12 thought it appropriate to use force on a family member 5/12 reported that they had a negative experience with the police 9/12 thought that Simpson was less likely to become a murderer because he was an athlete 12/12 were Democrats The jury was mostly black people because the case was filed in LA rather than Santa Monica. A poll showed that most blacks found Simpson innocent while most whites found Simpson guilty.
Jury
When the trial initially began, on September 8 2008 in the court of Nevada Court, the judge was Jackie Glass Simpson testified asking the judge for retrial, but he was denied by Judge Linda Marie Bell
Judge
Prosecutors Marcia Clark,
lead attorney in the case, Special Trials Division.
Christopher Darden
, co-counsel. Darden had completed a six-and-a-half year assignment with the Special Investigations Division before joining the prosecution team.
Gil Garcetti
, Los Angeles District Attorney, elected in 1992..
Hank Goldberg
, joined the District Attorney's Office in 1985.
William Hodgman
, director of the Bureau of Central Operations, which includes the Special Trials Division.
Lisa Kahn
, DNA coordinator for the district attorney's office.
Cheri Lewis
, assisted in the research and preparation of prosecution motions and pleadings.
Defense Attorneys
(“The Dream Team”) - His criminal case cost at
least $3 million, possibly as much as $6 million.
F. Lee Bailey -
celebrity attorney
Johnnie Cochran Jr Alan Dershowitz Carl Douglas Robert Kardashian Peter Neufeld -
specialized in DNA evidence
Barry Scheck -
specialized in DNA evidence
Robert Shapiro Gerald Uelmen
The Crime
By: Rebecca Weimer, Brenna Wiegand, Kalette deMarrais and Noelle Lawler
Type of Murder
• Murder weapon- knife • O.J. Simpsons ex-wife and her friend were found murdered outside of Nicole Brown Simpons home.
The Crime
• Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald L. Goldman were murdered
Charges
• O.J. Simpson was charged with two counts of first degree murder • First degree murder means that he planned to kill his ex-wife and her friend • He was eligible for death penalty
Suspect
• OJ Simpson
Victims
• Nicole Brown Simpson • Ronald Goldman
In court:
• Judge Lance Ito- Judge • Mark Fuhrman- Detective of the LAPD • Supposedly planted the famous bloody glove
Witnesses
• Kato Kaelin • Was currently staying in a guest house on Simpsons property • He was present on the night of the two murders • Rosa Lopez • Former maid to Simpsons neighbor • Said when she was walking the dog and saw his white bronco parked outside his house
Defense
• Johnnie Cochran • Robert Shapiro • F. Lee Bailey • Robert Kardashian
Prosecution
• Marcia Cross
The Car Chase
• O.J. was in passenger seat while Al Cowlings drove • On Interstate 405 in LA in White Ford Bronco • Hour long chase • O.J. held a gun to his head and laid in the back seat- 50 miles total • Detective Lange was talking to O.J. to convince him to throw the gun out of the car
Return to house
• O.J. wanted to speak to his mom before he surrendered • He was allowed to go into his house for an hour • Lawyer Robert Shapiro arrived • Simpson surrendered
Search of house:
• After Simpson surrendered police searched the bronco and found: • $8,000 cash • Change of clothes • Loaded gun • Passport • Family pictures • Fake goatee and Mustache ** None of this was used in court as evidence**
Crime Scene Evidence
Michael Leon, Max Cepeda, Dan Desiderio, Kat Hroncic
Evidence from the Crime
• XL Aris Gloves • Size 12 Bruno Magli Shoes • The Bronco car • Strange reaction to call about the death of Nicole Brown.
• Simpson had fresh cuts on his left hand the day after the murder.
• Blood on OJ’s sock matched the blood of Nicole Brown.
• Hair Fibers similar to Simpson’s hair
XL Aris Gloves
• During the trial Simpson was asked to try on the exact pair of gloves from the crime scene. • Simpson bought a pair of these gloves at Bloomingdale’s • Simpson’s Lawyer asked to try on the gloves with latex gloves on underneath the Aris Gloves
Size 12 Bruno Magli Shoes
• Simpson was also asked to try on these pair of size 12 Bruno Magli Shoes • The shoe print was found at the crime scene which match the pair that Simpson had in a size 12
The Bronco
• Simpson try to escape the cops in a white Ford Bronco which was reported to be covered with blood on the inside of the car.
Fresh cuts on hand
• The day after the murder of Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman fresh cuts were found on Simpsons left hand
Hair Fiber
• The Hair fibers found at the Crime Scene matched Simpson’s.
Bloody sock matching Nicole Brown’s
• These socks were found in Simpson bed room they matched the blood type from the crime scene of Nicole browns blood.
Witnesses in the OJ Simpson Case
Mark Wittkamp, Jane Murphy, Richie Myers, & Danielle LoGuercio
OJ SIMPSON TRIAL
• • Also known as the “People of the State of California vs Orenthal James Simpson” • Opening statements started on January 24, 1995 and until the verdict was reached on October 3, 1995 • OJ Simpson (Former actor and football star) was tried on two counts of murder: • Murder of his wife, Nicole Brown Simpson • Murder of waiter, Ronald Lyle Goodman • It became the most publicized case in US history. • Was the longest trial ever held in California, costing over $20 million to fight and defend, running up 50,000 pages of trial transcript in the process.
•There were 150 witnesses called to give evidence before a jury that was sequestered at the Hotel Intercontinental in downtown L.A. from January until October.
•Here are our key players
Jose Camacho
• Knife salesman at Ross Cutlery who claimed to have sold Simpson a 15-inch (380mm) German made knife similar to the murder weapon three weeks before the murder.
Cynthia Shahian
•A friend and jogging partner of Nicole Simpson.
•Testified on Monday, February 6 th •Said Nicole Simpson was “distraught” after she received a letter from her ex-husband saying she could no longer use his mansion as her legal address.
Detective John Edwards
• Replied to the 911 phone call from Nicole
Brown Simpson
• She screamed that her husband was, “going to
kill me.”
Steven Schwab
• Neighbor who said he found Akita (the
Simpson’s dog) with blood on its paws at about 10:55pm while walking his own dog.
• He said Akita behaved unusually, barking at
houses while following him home
• He turned dog over to neighbor Sukru
Boztepe.
Sukru Boztepe
• Said that Akita led him and his wife, Bettina
Rassmusen, to Nicole’s condo, where they found the bodies.
• They got an “old man” to call 911 at about
12:10 am on June 13 th .
Detective Mark Fuhrman
• Principal target of defense’s police conspiracy theory • Testified about finding a bloody glove at OJ’s estate • He was called a
racist and was accused of planting the glove at the Simpson’s estate.
• He entered the Simpson’s estate without a search warrant
because he was concerned that OJ himself might have been harmed.
• On July 5th, 1996, charges of perjury were filed against
Fuhrman for his use of racist language
• On October 2nd, 1996, Fuhrman accepted a plea bargain
and pleaded no contest to the charges.
• He was sentenced to three years probation and fined $200.
Detective Philip Vannatter
• Reconstructed how the crime scene was treated. • He said that bloody glove and trail of blood at
estate led him to regard OJ as only suspect.
• Said that he could see Detective Fuhrman at all
times during inspection of OJ’s Bronco and that OJ voluntarily gave police statement
Brian “Kato” Kaelin
• Simpson’s house guest • Was on stand for five days. • Said that he had dinner with OJ until 9:35pm. • Testified to hearing thumps on wall of guest house at 10:38pm,
and then saw OJ again around 11:00pm when he helped load limo.
• Said that OJ was “upset,” “not fine” in talking about Nicole not
letting him see daughter at recital.
• Closed by saying that he did not plan to write a book about his
role and insisting he felt “some obligation” to OJ but would not lie for him.
Brian “Kato” Kaelin Cont.
• 20 years after the murder, Kaelin finally admitted
that OJ killed his wife.
• He stated that, “The statute of limitations has now
passed … so I can now say … yes, he did it.”
• When asked why he didn’t tell the truth while on the
stand, Kaelin responded, “I was too scared. I was terrified.”
Collin Yamauchi
• Los Angeles Police Dept. criminalist.
• Testified that he recommended the department withhold some blood samples to Cellmark Diagnostics. • Admitted he had expectations of what the test results would be since he thought Simpson was in Chicago at the time of the murders • Said he made a numbering error on a vial of Simpson's blood, but he said it had no baring on test results. • Said he ran 23 samples at once during the first batch of DNA analysis, instead of the recommended he also said he spilled some of Simpson's blood. • He was called “messy”
Allan Park
• Limo driver OJ hired to take him to the airport. • Testified that he arrived at the estate at 10:22pm, didn’t see
the Bronco on the street, and couldn’t get OJ to answer doorbell.
• At 10:55pm, he saw a shadowy figure enter house; OJ
answered at 11:00pm saying that he had overslept.
• Said that OJ was not bleeding and that he saw no injuries
on his hand.
• Said he saw five bags at OJ’s house but OJ guarded a
small bag.
•
Gary Sims
• Senior criminalist of California Dept. of Justice laboratory in Berkeley. • Testified that blood from right hand glove found on Simpson's estate matched Goldman's blood • Testified that the odds were 1 in 240,000 that blood at the crime scene could have come from a black person other than O.J. Simpson. • Prosecutors mocked him if DNA could "fly” due to how poorly handled the evidence was. • Sims denied that he was part of an evidence-tampering conspiracy.
Robin Cotton
• Lab director at Cellmark
Diagnostics of Germantown, MD.
• Testified that DNA tests matched
OJ’s blood at crime scene, victim’s blood at his estate, and in his Bronco (witness Bernie Douroux, who towed OJ’s Bronco to police headquarters, said he didn’t notice any blood).
Lakshmanan Sathyavagiswaran
• Los Angeles County Coroner on stand
for nine days in place of Irwin Golden, who conducted autopsies but was shaky in preliminary hearing.
• He testified that Golden made up to 30
mistakes in autopsies.
• Said killer used a single-edged knife on
both victims.
• Backed off assertion that killer was
right handed.
Results of trial •Questioning of Witnesses did not end until October 3, 1995 when verdict was reached •Simpson was acquitted after trial that lasted more than eight months
Blood & DNA Evidence
Aaron Baker, Emily Males, Matthew Mircovich, Eleanor Ratner
Thesis
Due to the broken chain of custody, the possible conspiracy involved, and the lack of understanding behind DNA evidence, it was not possible to if determine OJ Simpson murdered Nicole Brown and Ronald Goldman.
Major Players
Nicole Brown -Victim Ronald Goldman-Victim Robin Cotton-DNA expert/Molecular Biologist Peter Neufield-DNA expert and defense lawyer Alan Dershowitz- defense lawyer, expert on theory and mechanics of law Barry Scheck-DNA expert/Molecular Biologist Collin Yamauchi-LAPD criminalist
DNA EVIDENCE AT THE SCENE
-Trail of blood from inside Ford Bronco to Rockingham House -Bloody Rockingham Glove -Bundy -Bloody Socks in Rockingham Bedroom
Robin Cotton
-Advocated that drops of blood found near Brown and Goldman originated from OJ Simpson. -There was a 1 in 170 million chance that someone had the same blood as OJ Simpson. -She also deemed that there was a 1 in 1.68 billion chance that someone matched the DNA profile of OJ Simpson, which was also found at the scene. Stated the blood on OJ’s sock in his bedroom matched Brown’s.
Peter Neufield
Argued the problem with this Cotton’s method of extrapolation of this information could have been an inaccurate method. -A pool of samples from 240 African Americans in Michigan were taken to gain these statistics-Not a valid statistic as the sample pool was too small.-Peter Neufield -Also argued there was a conspiracy theory against OJ Simpson-the crime was set up to seem as though he did it
Alan Dershowitz
-Most experienced defense attorney but was lost with regards to DNA evidence “If you find a cockroach in a bowl of spaghetti, you don't look for another cockroach before you throw out the whole bowl of spaghetti” -Dr. David Lee, part of the closing argument.
Argument following the quote was that “you couldn’t trust any of the blood and DNA evidence that these policeman provided because we proved they lied about certain for things and planted at least some evidence” -Alan Dershowitz
Barry Scheck -DNA expert —briefed defense team on DNA -Delivered closing argument, argued that evidence was tampered with or planted -Argued that Andrea Mazzola collected blood samples without approval
Collin Yamauchi
-Member of unreliable and faulty LAPD Forensic team -LAPD forensic team was known to mishandle evidence and to frequently break the chain of custody due to lack of training and enforcement of protocol -Supposedly spilled blood when he was examining the Rockingham Glove and Bundy -Fueled argument of possible contamination
Synopsis
The OJ Simpson trial was complicated. There was DNA evidence found that pointed to OJ Simpson and should have convicted him. However, because the evidence was handled poorly and there was much speculation about a conspiracy against OJ, the evidence was not enough to convict him.
OJ Simpson Civil Case
By: Rebecca Wasserman, Robbie Lombardi, Shamus Barnes, Tyler Kane
Case Background
• OJ Simpson was a pro football player in the NFL • He went to college at USC • He was one of the most decorated athletes of his time • He was married to Nicole Brown • OJ Simpson was accused for the murder of his wife but was acquitted and found not guilty for that accusation
Major Players
Civil Court Case
• O.J. Simpson
Nevada Case
• Oj simpson • Walter Alexander • CJ Stewart • Charles Cashmore • Charles Ehrlich • Tom Scotto • Michael McClinton • Thomas Riccio • Bruce Fromong • Alfred Beardsly
Set the Scene
Civil Court Case
• O.J. Simpson
Nevada Case
• Bruce Fromong was held at gunpoint by a group of men led by OJ Simpson for his sports memorabilia in his hotel room in Las Vegas, Nevada.
Crime
• Goldman Family Civil Case: • The families of Ronald Goldman and Nicole Brown Simpson brought OJ to court • They were seeking compensation for their lost ones • The Judge: Superior Court Judge Hiroshi Fujisaki • Fred Goldman said civil suit was his “last opportunity for justice”
Crime (cont.)
• State of Nevada vs. Orenthal James Simpson • Criminal case prosecuted 2007-2008 • September 13, 2007 • O.J. and a group of men entered a room armed in the Palace Station hotel in Las Vegas, Nevada • September 16, 2007 • O.J. was arrested and held without bail • Simpson was trying to take back his sports memorabilia he claimed was stolen • December 5, 2008 • Simpson was sentenced to 33 years in prison with eligibility of parole in 9 years
Suspects
Civil Court Case
• O.J. Simpson
Nevada Case
• O.J. Simpson • Walter Alexander • Clarence “C.J.” Stewart • Charles Cashmore • Charles Ehrlich • Tom Scotto • Michael McClinton • Thomas Riccio
Apprehension or Not of Suspects
Civil Court Case
• O.J. was ordered to appear in court.
Nevada Case
• Simpson was originally named a suspect.
• They brought him in for questioning and released him soon after.
• Walter Alexander was arrested the next day on multiple counts on his way to McCarran International Airport.
Evidence Trail
Civil Court Case
• The Goldman’s attorney introduced Simpson’s failure of a lie detector test about the murders.
• There was a picture of OJ at a Buffalo Bills game in 1993 where he can be seen wearing the same shoes as the man who killed Goldman and Brown.
Nevada Case
• TMZ had an audio tape of OJ during the robbery.
Trial or No Trial
Civil Court Case
• Took place over four months in Santa Monica.
• Was not televised by order of court.
Nevada Case
• Simpson tried and found guilty on 10 convictions.
• Simpson filed for retrial in 2013 but was refused by Clark County District Court.
Verdict/Sentence
Civil Court Case
• Because the standards of proof are lower in a civil trial the plaintiff won • O.J. Simpson was ordered to pay the Goldman family $33.5 million • Simpson’s children, Sydney and Justin received 12.6 million each.
Nevada Case
• Convicted October 3, 2008.
• Charged with robbery, kidnapping, coercion, and conspiracy.
• O.J. Simpson was sentenced to 33 years in jail with eligibility of parole in 9 years.
Unanswered Questions
• Did he commit the murder?
• Could it be his son?
• Could it be a random person? • Did he hire someone to do it?
• What were his motives?
• Does the glove fit?
• Was the jury impartial?
• Does this prove that he was lying about not having his memorabilia for the civil case?
Update on Present Situation
• OJ is currently in jail for robbing memorabilia (his own) –worth $,sold it-armed robbery • Civil court • Goldman’s- never got there $ from OJ • OJ lost $, bankruptcy • Lied to court
Works Cited
• "O.J. Simpson Appeals Civil Suit Verdict." ABC News. ABC News Yahoo! News, n.d. Web. 5 Feb. 2014.
• "Young O.J." Club Tuki News. Club Tuki, n.d. Web. 5 Feb. 2014.
• "O.J. Simpson Hearing." Huffington Post. Huffington Post, 15 May 203. Web. 5 Feb. 2014.
Work Cited
P HIL REEVESin, Los A. "Simpson Trial Puts DNA on the Lips of Every American." The Independent: 10. May 13 1995. ProQuest. Web. 23 Jan. 2014 CHRISTOPHER REED IN, LOS A. "OJ Dismisses Blood Evidence further Holes Picked in Story as Prosecution Ends Questioning." The Guardian (pre-1997 Fulltext): 002. Nov 27 1996. ProQuest. Web. 23 Jan. 2014
"DNA Evidence Links Simpson to Murder Scene: Drop of Blood Nearby Bodies Matches OJ's." The Spectator: 0. May 11 1995. ProQuest. Web. 23 Jan. 2014 < http://search.proquest.com/docview/269780997?accountid=14214 >.
REED, CHRISTOPHER. "DNA Tests Stain OJ's Defence." The Guardian (pre-1997 Fulltext): 016. May 12 1995. ProQuest. Web. 23 Jan. 2014 < http://search.proquest.com/docview/294832815?accountid=14214 >.
"DNA Blood-Test Result Allowed in OJ Trial." The Independent: 11. Sep 14 1995. ProQuest. Web. 23 Jan. 2014 < http://search.proquest.com/docview/312382199?accountid=14214 >.
PHIL REEVESin, Los A. "Simpson Trial Puts DNA on the Lips of Every American." The Independent: 10. May 13 1995. ProQuest. Web. 23 Jan. 2014 < http://search.proquest.com.libezproxy2.syr.edu/docview/312323292?accountid=14214 >. Thompson, William C. “PROVING THE CASE: THE SCIENCE OF DNA: DNA EVIDENCE IN THE O.J. SIMPSON TRIAL.” Diss. University of California, Irvine. Print “Simpson Trial: The DNA Evidence.”
UMK Law School
. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 Feb. 2014. < http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/Simpson/Dna.htm
>. "Attorney: OJ Simpson's Defense Operated "on Shoestring" at Robbery, Kidnap Trial."
NBC Southern California
. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2014. "The Daily Mirror."
In the News: Nicole Brown Simpson, July 3, 1994
. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2014. "Robin Cotton, Director of Cellmark Diagnostics, Sh..."
Robin Cotton Director Of Cellmark Diagnostics Shows The... News Photo
. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2014.Ronald Goldman."
Wikipedia
. Wikimedia Foundation, 29 Jan. 2014. Web. 05 Feb. 2014. "The Murder Trial of O.J. Simpson."
Trail of Blood — — Crime Library
. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2014. “
CNN
. Cable News Network, n.d. Web. 05 Feb. 2014 "Barry Sheck."
University of Missouri Kansas City
. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Feb. 2014.
Dershowitz, Alan. Interview.
Public Broadcasting Service
. N.p., 4 Oct. 2005. Web. 6 Feb. 2014.
Jones, Thomas L. "The Murder Trial of O.J. Simpson."
Crime Library
. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Feb. 2014.
Works Cited:
• "Brian 'Kato' Kaelin." Nydailynews.com. NY Daily News, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. gen/derivatives/landscape_485/kato21n-1-web.jpg>. • "Butcher Knife." Homeimprovementbasics.com. Home Improvement Basics, n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. • CNN. Cable News Network Inc, n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. • Davis, Sara D. "Edwards on stand." ABC [Chigaco]: n. pag. Print. • "Kato Kaelin Finally Admits: OJ Simpson Killed His Wife." Laist.com. Laist, 20 Sept. 2012. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. • Law2.edu. Law2, n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. • Mark Fuhrman. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. • USA Today. USA Today, 18 Oct. 1996. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. • Usatoday.com. USA Today, 18 Oct. 1996. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. • "OJ Simpson." http://usatoday30.usatoday.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Feb. 2014. • "The Trial of O. J. Simpson: The Incriminating Evidence." http://law2.umkc.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Feb. 2014. ml>. • Clairborne, William. "Tearful, Depressed Suspect is Under Suicide Watch in 7-by-9 Foot Cell." Washington Post: n. pag. Proquest. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. • The O.J. Simpson Trial. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Jan. 2014. • USA Today. USA Today. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. law2.umkc.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Feb. 2014. < http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/simpson/simpson.htm > The Associated Press. "Ronald Goldman." Orange Country Register [Santa Ana, California] 15 Jan. 1995: n. pag. ProQuest. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. "Ex-Wife's Friend -- Good Looks, Kind Heart." San Francisco Chronicle [San Francisco, California] 15 June 1994: n. pag. ProQuest. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. "His Name Is Ron." Open Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. law2.umkc.edu. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Feb. 2014. "Nicole Brown Simpson." Bio. True Story. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Jan. 2014. "Nicole Brown Simpson." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. Nicole Brown Simpson and O.J. Simpson. Blogcritics. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. OJ and Attorneys. ESPN. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. "O.J. Simpson Biography." Biography. N.p., n.d. Web. 6 Feb. 2014. OJ Simpson in College. Sixties Pizzazz. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Feb. 2014. O.J. Simpson Murder Case. Wikipedia Foundation Inc., 29 Jan. 2006. Web. 30 Jan. 2014. "O.J. Simpson trial: Key attorneys." CNN. N.p., 31 Dec. 2007. Web. 6 Feb. 2014. Price, Richard, Jonathon T. Lovitt, and Gale Holland. "Fight over money may follow court battle." USA Today 28 Jan. 1997: n. pag. Print. "Ronald Goldman." Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Jan. 2014. Work Cited
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