Transcript Diapositiva 1 - Delmoral's Blog

Past simple
Present perfect simple
Present perfect continuous
Past
Simple
+ Suj +
?
♦ Monosyllabic ending in 1 vowel+1 conson,
double conson
Stop—stopped
♦ 2 syllables & stress in the 2nd,
double consonant
Permit—permitted
♦ V ending in conson + y
i + ed
Study—studied
Vowel + y
+ ed
play - played
V+ -ed
2nd col
I played
I sang
Suj + didn´t + verb
I didn´t play
I didn´t sing
Did+ Suj + verb ? A+S+V ?
Did you play?
Did you sing?
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Yesterday
last week/year
2 days ago
In 2002
in the 80s
when
then
Use
 Past and finished actions.
We visited the museum last week
 A series of completed actions in
the past
When I opened the door, the dog
barked at the postman.
 Past states.
The old lady lived in this house
in 1887
Present perfect
Have
Has
+
?
+
V-ed
3ª col
I have worked
She has written
I haven´t worked
She hasn´t written
Have you worked?
Has she written ?
A+S+V ?
Time expressions
Ever , never , yet , just ,
Already , lately , how long..?
For , since , in recent years
TIME EXPRESSIONS
•EVER :
(Interrogativas)(“alguna vez”) Entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have you ever been in London?
•NEVER : (“Nunca”) Siempre con el verbo afirmativa.
I have never seen a class like this.
•FOR : Indica un periodo de tiempo, cuánto ha durado una acción. (durante-desde hace)
I´ve known him for twenty years.
(Le conozco desde hace 20 años)
•SINCE : Indica el momento o circunstancia concreta en que comenzó la acción.
I´ve known her since 1994.
(La conozco desde 1994)
•JUST : Indica que la acción acaba de concluir. Va entre el auxiliar y el verbo.
Have + just + Past Participle = “acabar de + infinitivo”
I´ve just washed my hair
( Me acabo de lavar el pelo).
•ALREADY : Va con oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. (Entre el auxiliar y el verbo).( “ Ya” )
I´ve already seen that film
( Ya he visto esa película)
Have you already washed the dishes? (¿Ya has lavado los platos?)
•YET : Va con oraciones negativas e interrogativas. ( Al final de la frase)
Negativas. (aún,todavía). I haven´t found it yet. (Aún no lo he encontrado)
Interrogativas (“ya”)
Has the doctor come yet? (¿Ha venido ya el médico?)
 Para hablar de experiencias y hechos pasados que han ocurrido a
lo largo del tiempo sin especificar el momento.
I have eaten Chinese food many times
 Para hablar de acciones que aún continúan aunque empezaron
tiempo atrás. (Suele llevar “for” y “since” ). Las preguntas se
hacen con “How long..?”
I´ve lived here for five years
todavía vivo aquí)
( Vivo aquí desde hace 5 años-
 Para acciones que ocurrieron en un momento indeterminado del
pasado y cuyo resultado podemos ver.
We´ve painted the kitchen
 Expresar que una acción acaba de ocurrir. Entonces añadimos
“just” entre el aux. y el verbo
The team has just scored a goal
CONTRASTE PAST SIMPLE / PRESENT PERFECT
Past Simple: acciones que ocurrieron en un momento concreto del pasado.
When did Sam go to India? Last June
Present Perfect: experiencias que han ocurrido en algún momento
indeterminado.
Sam has been to India.
Past Simple: acciones completamente acabadas.
I lived in India in 1992.
Present Perfect: acciones que comenzaron en el pasado pero que continúan
en el
presente.
I´ve lived in India since 1992.
Past Simple: se acompaña de expresiones de tiempo pasado yesterday,
2 years ago.
Present Perfect: se acompaña con ever, never, yet, already….
 Present Perfect is a Present Tense. It always tells us something about now.
I´ve lost my keys = I don´t have my keys now.
We don´t use Present Perfect if there is no connection with the present.
 Past Simple tells us only about the past.
I lost my keys = We don´t know whether I have them now or not.
We only know that I lost them at some time in the past
Present perfect
of “to be”
Have been
Has been
+
V-ing
( llevar + gerundio)
+
I have been working
She has been studying
-
I haven´t been working
She hasn´t been studying
?
Have you been working ?
Has she been studying ?
Time expressions
For a year , since 2002 ,
how long..?
All day / night / week …
 An action that started in the past and which still continues in the
present. Or has recently stopped.
You´re out of breath. Have you been running?
She has been working here for 2 years
 Actions repeated over a period of time.
She´s been playing tennis since she was 8
 An action whose results are still apparent.
I´m still tired.. I have been studying all night
Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
Period of time:
I´ve been washing the car. I´m rather wet
Completed action: I´ve washed the car. It looks a lot cleaner now
The CONTINUOUS here focuses on the action going on
The SIMPLE focuses on the result of the action
Continuous : For an activity that is still happening.
How long ?
How long have you been reading that book?
Simple : Completed actions.
How much? How many? How many times?
How many pages of the book have you read?
Mary is still writing letters. She´s been writing letters all day
Mary has written ten letters today.
•Non-continuous verbs: like, know, believe, etc. Not normally used in CONT
Live & work : we use either CONTINUOUS or SIMPLE
John has been living/has lived in London for a long time
With “always” we use the SIMPLE . John has always lived in London