Transcript Multimedia Web Pages
Multimedia Web Pages
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Partly funded by the 1 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle
Topics
What is multimedia?
Multimedia formats and technologies Audio Video Streaming media SMIL VRML 2 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle
Multimedia Web Pages
What is multimedia?
Any combination of: Text Graphics Animation Audio Video Virtual Reality Example: www.destination360.com/tikal/guide.htm
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Viewing Multimedia: Plug-ins
Browsers limited to displaying text and images Plug-ins enable browsers to handle other media Video, animation… Plug-ins are usually freely distributed Software to generate files viewed by plug-in are usually commercial Newer browsers have pre-installed plug-ins Plug-in resources available at: https://pfs.mozilla.org/plugins/ 4 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle
Examples of Plug-ins
Flash, Real Player and QuickTime Support animation, audio, video, interaction and virtual reality Can provide user controls: Zoom, fast forward, rewind… Examples: www.macromedia.com
www.shrek.com
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Multimedia in Web Pages
Media files included in a web page using:
object
classid="clsid:02BF25D5-8C17-4B23-BC80-D3488ABDDC6B" codebase="http://www.apple.com/qtactivex/qtplugin.cab"> <
embed
src="
tune.wav
" pluginspage="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/download/"> Range of attributes can also be used Autoplay, height, width, loop… Repeat for both
Audio Formats
There are many audio formats, including: .wav
.aiff
Microsoft's sound format .au Originally for Mac, now also for PCs Audio format developed by Sun .ra
.midi
RealAudio, increasingly popular commercial format Musical Instrument Digital Interface 7 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle
MP3 Format
Format for efficient compression of digital audio 'Near CD' quality audio with small file sizes Non-proprietary format (open standard) Files can be distributed via the internet Using MP3 Create MP3s from CDs using encoding software Download (not always legal!) www.mp3.com
Playback requires MP3 player - e.g. Winamp www.winamp.com
Causing radical changes in the music industry Record companies selling MP3 albums via the web 8 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle
Video Formats
Usually include both audio and video Can be very large files Slow to download Common formats include: .avi
- Audio Video Interleave Developed by Microsoft .mov
- QuickTime movie format Developed by Apple, but now cross-platform Also supports QuickTime 3D or VR .mpg
- Moving Pictures Experts Group ISO standard for audio and video compression 9 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle
Streaming Media
Streaming media can be played whilst downloading Less time waiting for playback to begin Streamable media Audio, video, s lides… Different media can be streamed simultaneously Can be pre-recorded or live Quality of playback is bandwidth dependent Buffering used to smooth network delays Examples of streaming media: video.ldc.lu.se/terena.htm
www.bbc.co.uk/fivelive news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/default.stm
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Products for Streaming
RealNetworks RealProducer Creation of files in 'rm' format RealServer Streamed delivery of files RealPlayer Playback of rm files (free) Apple QuickTime QuickTime player Macromedia Director (Shockwave) Shockwave files are streamed Integrates with RealAudio/RealVideo uk.real.com www.apple.com
www.macromedia.com
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SMIL
Synchronised Multimedia Integration Language HTML-like language for choreographing multimedia A udio, video, images, animation, text… SMIL file instructs client to: Retrieve media files from server(s) Synchronise playback Requires plug-in/player QuickTime (SMIL 1.0) Real Player (SMIL 2.0) IE5.5 (+) supports a Microsoft implementation of SMIL W3C recommendation www.w3.org/AudioVideo 12 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle
VRML
Virtual Reality Modelling Language Three-dimensional (3D) imaging format Object properties specified using text-based language Cube {depth 1 height 1 width 1} VRML player controls allow users to manipulate view of object Pan, zoom, rotate, fly, etc.
Examples of VRML: www.web3d.org
www.bath.ac.uk/casa/completed www.agocg.ac.uk/reports/virtual/vrart/examples.htm
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Accessibility
Legal requirement for materials to be accessible Regardless of users ability/disability Disability Discrimination Act (1995) Special Educational Needs and Disability Act (2002) Multimedia accessibility issues Large file size can slow content delivery Playback typically requires plug-ins Media may be inaccessible to: Users with disabilities (deaf, blind…) Assistive technologies (e.g. screenreaders) Only use multimedia where justified Provide appropriate alternatives Text transcripts, captioned video, audio descriptions...
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Summary
Web pages can include a range of media Audio, video, animation, VRML… Formats for each media may have different characteristics Quality, compression, file size, streaming… Select appropriate format for each media Media playback typically requires plug-ins Will these be available to your users?
Streaming improves delivery of large media files over the web 15 © Netskills Quality Internet Training, University of Newcastle