Transcript Folie 1

Center for International Peace Operations
The European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP)
Decision-Making, Planning and Organization of ESDP Field Missions
- Updated Interactive Guide ZIF - Berlin,
December 2007
Update
In June 2007, the European Council decided to establish the
Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC) , which is supposed to serve as a civilian
equivalent to the EU Military Staff and to provide assistance and support to CIVCOM in the
planning and implementation of civilian ESDP operations. The CPCC has been incorporated
into this presentation.
Furthermore, the Interactive Mission Map has been completely revised and
updated, and hyperlinks to the mission websites have been included.
All photographs in this presentation by courtesy of the Council of the European Union
How to use this presentation?
This presentation covers the decision-making and planning process from the first
formal discussions on potential action until the launch of an ESDP mission. The process
is divided into three major phases:
Phase 1 - Development of a Crisis Management Concept
Phase 2 - Development of Strategic Options
Phase 3 - Concrete Operational Planning
The process as presented is a model for ESDP operations with military, police and
civilian components. Should any of these components not be present in an operation,
certain steps in the planning process may be left out. However, the Council decisions
on Crisis Management Concept, Joint Action, Operation Plan, and on the launch of
the operation are indispensable – they form the basis of the three phases.
It should be noted that the presentation gives a simplified view of ESDP structures,
leaving out less important steps or ongoing interaction, e.g. with the European
Commission (EC). In practice, steps shown here may be contracted, inverted or
completely left out on a case-by case basis.
By mouse-clicking the process evolves gradually, providing information on every step
of the decision-making process. For more information on the different institutions
within ESDP, please click on the i-buttons
located in the right-hand corner of
each box. If your computer is connected to the internet, you can also use the
hyperlinks integrated in the information texts, leading to EU-websites, treaties or
Council decisions.
Audiovisual Service, European Commission
Please note that the on-screen presentation of bodies involved in the process does not
reflect any hierarchical order among these bodies. There is, however, a functional
distinction between policy-making bodies and advisory bodies .
All institutions dealt with are located in EU‘s so-called “Second Pillar“, the Common
Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP), where decisions are made exclusively at
intergovernmental level. First-Pillar-bodies affiliated to the EC that deal with foreign
policy, such as the humanitarian aid department ECHO or the External Relations
Commissioner‘s Secretariat, are not covered in detail.
©ZIF, Berlin.
Bastian Richter, ZIF
All photographs in this presentation by courtesy of the Council of the European Union or the Audiovisual Service of the European Commission
click here to jump to
Interactive Mission Map at
the end of the presentation
Click to continue…
Information
Introduction: Overview of the European Union
The Pillars of the European Union (based on the Treaty of Maastricht)
European Union
European Communities
Based on the Treaties which
constitute the
•European Community
•Euratom
•European Coal and Steal
Community (treaty expired
in 2002)
Common Foreign and
Security Policy (CFSP)
(Treaty of Maastricht 1992,
amended by the following
treaties)
Justice & Home Affairs
(Treaty of Maastricht 1992,
amended by the Treaty of
Amsterdam 1997)
including the
European Security
and Defence Policy (ESDP)
(initiated by the
Cologne European Council 1999)
Supranational DecisionMaking
(European Commission)
1. Pillar
Intergovernmental DecisionMaking
(Council)
2. Pillar
Intergovernmental DecisionMaking
(Council)
3. Pillar
Click
Click
to to
continue…
return…
Introduction: Overview of Second-Pillar-Bodies (simplified)
European Council
(Summit of the Heads of State and Government)
Council of the European Union
Committee of the Permanent Representatives (COREPER)
policy-making body
advisory body
Political and Security Committee (PSC)
Secretary General/High Representative
Council General Secretariat
Policy Planning &
Early Warning Unit
Joint Situation Centre
(SITCEN)
EU Military Staff
(EUMS)
Civ. Planning & Conduct
Capability (CPCC)
Committee for Civilian
Aspects of Crisis
Management (CIVCOM)
EU Military Committee
(EUMC)
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Start of the Mission Planning Process…
Secretary General/High Representative
Identification of a
PSC concludes that EU action iscrisis - close
interaction between
appropriate and assigns SG/HR and
the SG/HR and his
the Secretariat to work out a Crisis
Management Concept (CMC) advisory bodies
Secretariat (supported by the CPCC) develops &
presents a draft Crisis Management Concept
SITCEN
Secretariat
(CMC) based on the conclusions of a
Fact Finding Mission
Policy Unit
Political and Security Committee (PSC)
PSC discusses the draft CMC and
requests advice on civilian and
military aspects
CIVCOM
Phase 1
Development
of a Crisis
Management
Concept (CMC)
EU Military Committee
PSC agrees on CMC and presents it to COREPER/Council,
pointing out specifics and different options
COREPER
discusses the
CMC. Decisions
in COREPER are
European Union
almost always
confirmed by
Council.
Council approves Crisis Managementthe
Concept
COREPER
Council of the
Legend
policy-making body
advisory body
overview of ESDP bodies
The Council assigns PSC to develop strategic options
on the basis of the CMC.
Political and Security Committee (PSC)
PSC requests CIVCOM to
develop Police Strategic
Options (PSO) & other
Civilian Strategic Options
CPCC
(CSO)
CIVCOM
PSC requests EUMC to develop
Military Strategic Options (MSO)
EU Military
Staff
PSC evaluates all strategic
options, taking into account the
Commission‘s view.
EUits
Military
Then PSC forwards
draft Committee
decision on MSO, PSO and CSO
to COREPER/ Council.
The Council formally
Phase 2
Development
of Strategic
Options
decidesMSO‘s,
on a Joint
CIVCOM cooperates with the
EUMS prioritises
EUMC forwards
CIVCOM
forwards
PSO‘s
&
Actioncapabilities
which
CPCC to develop and prioritise
reviews
MSO‘s to
PSC military
and
MSO‘s
to
PSC
COREPER
mandate,
PSO‘s & CSO‘s
and gives codifies
advice tothe
EUMC
its objectives,
Commission presents its
financial
Council of theaccompanying
Europeanmeasures
Union
arrangements etc.
This decision also entails whether the military
component of the mission will use NATO assets
(Berlin Plus) or rely exclusively on EU-capabilities.
The mission‘s chain of command as well as the
modalities for the setup of a military OHQ depend on
this decision.
Legend
policy-making body
advisory body
overview of ESDP bodies
The Council tasks PSC to initiate operational planning
Political and Security Committee (PSC)
PSC provides the political/
PSC requests
strategic guidance needed by
operational planning
EUMC to work out an Initiating
PSC approves the
on a range of police
Directive (IMD) which
EUMC presents theMilitary
Initiating
Military
and civilian measures
gives
basic
instructions
to the
draft
IMD
(worked
Note:
Directive (IMD)
out by the EUMS)appointed Operation Commander
(OpCdr)
CPCC
Occasionally the formulation of a police/civilian
CIVCOM presents the police
EUMC presents the military
CONOPS has been initiated
oron
even
completed
PSC
agrees
police,
civilian,
EU
Military
Committee
and civilian CONOPS and
CONOPS
and provides
advice
before
the
Council
has
formally
agreed
on
a
and
military
CONOPS
and
CPCC
develops
draft
provides advice and
and recommendations,
submits
them
to
the
Council
police
&
civilian
this Operation
recommendations Joint Action (Phase 2). The results ofcomprising
an evaluation
of
Commander
CONOPS operational planning then form the basis
thehis military
EUMSof and
mandate integrated in the Joint Action.
headquarter (OHQ)
develop a draft military
CIVCOM
CONOPS
COREPER
Phase 3
Concrete
Operational
Planning
a) CONOPS –
Concept of
Operations
OpCdr
Council of the European Union
Civilian Planning
Stage
Military Planning
Stage
Council approves the CONOPS
Legend
policy-making body
advisory body
overview of ESDP bodies
The Council tasks PSC to develop the final
Operation Plan
Political and Security Committee (PSC)
Upon request of the PSC the police
and/or civilian Head of Mission
supported by the CPCC work out a
Note:
draft OPLAN. Furthermore the
PSC agrees
process of force generation
is on a police/civilian
andthe
a military
OPLAN
As the legal basis
for any operation,
EU and
the and
hostsubmits
nation sign a
initiated.
Upon
request
of
the
PSC
the
Operation
them
to the
Council
CIVCOM
presents
the police
EUMC presents
the military
“Status
of Forces
Agreement” (SOFA)
for
the
military
component
and/or
a
OpCdr
presents
draft
Commander
supported
by
EUMS
works
out
and
civilian
OPLAN
Pol
HoM ofOPLAN
Civ
HoM Agreement” (SOMA)
OpCdr
“Status
Mission
for OPLAN
the
civilian
component,
both
military
to EUMC
a draft
military
OPLAN
including
Rules
of
Pol
HoM/Civ
HoM
usually preceded by a “Letter
ofdraft
Intent”.
Engagement.
Furthermore the process of
present
police
However, in most cases the
SOFA/SOMA
only after the operation
force
generation
initiated.
and
civilian
OPLANisissigned
to CIVCOM
has started, or even towards
its end.
COREPER
CPCC
Council of the European Union
CIVCOM
Phase 3
Concrete
Operational
Planning
b) OPLAN –
Operation Plan
EU Military
Council
agrees on
final Staff
OPLANs
EU Military Committee
Launch of Operation
Civilian Planning
Establishment of CoC‘s – Committees of Contributors,
Stage
responsible for supervision and support of the mission‘s
military and/or civilian component
Military Planning
Stage
Legend
policy-making body
advisory body
overview of ESDP bodies
ONGOING MISSIONS
COMPLETED MISSIONS
Past and Current ESDP Operations (04/09)
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ONGOING MISSIONS
EUPM: European Union Police
EUPM Mission in Bosnia and Herze(since 1/03)
EUFOR –govina
ALTHEA
EUMM
EUFOR – ALTHEA: EU Military
Operation in Bosnia and
Herzegovina (since 12/04)
EUPT Kosovo
EULEX EUPOL RD Congo: EU Police
Mission in DRC (since 4/05 –
ICO/EUSR
previously EUPOL RD Kinshasa)
EUPAT EUJUST LEX: EU Integrated Rule of
Law Mission for Iraq (since 7/05)
EUPOL PROXIMA
CONCORDIA
EUSEC DR Congo: EU mission to
provide advice and assistance for
security sector reform in the DRC
EUPOL COPPS
(since 7/05)
EU BAM EU
Rafah
BAM Rafah: EU Border
Assistance Mission at Rafah
CrossingBissao
Point in the Palestinian
EU SSR Guinea
Territories (since 11/05)
EUFOR Tchad/RCA
EULEX Kosovo: EU Rule of Law
Mission in Kosovo (since 02/08)
EUJUST THEMIS: EU Rule of Law
Mission
to Georgia
(7/04 –
EU BAM
Moldova
7/05)
ICO/EUSR: International Civilian
Office/European Special
Representative in Kosovo
(since 02/08)
AMM:
Aceh
Monitoring Mission
EUMM
Georgia
(8/05 – 12/06)
EUMM Georgia: EU Monitoring
Mission to Georgia (since 09/08)
EU NAVFOR Somalia/Operation
Atalanta: EU Naval Force off the
Somali Coast (since 12/08)
COMPLETED MISSIONS
EU BAM Moldova: Border
Assistance Mission at
EU BAM
EUPOL RD
Congo
Moldovan/Ukrainian
border (since
12/05)
EUSEC RD Congo
EUPOL
COPPS: EU Police Mission in
EUFOR RD
Congo
ARTEMIS: EU Military Operation
in Democratic Republic of the
Congo (6/03 – 9/03)
EUPOL Afghanistan: EU Police
Mission in Afghanistan (since
6/07)
Concrete
EUFOR RDOperational
Congo: EU Military
Operation in the DRC (6/06 –
11/06)
EUPOL Planning
Afghanistan
EUJUST LEX
EU SSR Guinea Bissao: EU Mission
is Support of Security Sector
Reform in Guinea-Bissao
(since 06/08)
CONCORDIA: EU Military
Operation in Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia (3/03 –
12/03)
the Palestinian Territories (since
1/06)
Phase 3
EUJUST THEMIS
EUPOL PROXIMA: EU Police
Mission in Former Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia (12/03 –
12/05)
EUMM
EUMM: EU Monitoring Mission
(Western
Balkans;
01/2001EU Supp.
to AMIS
II
12/2007)
EU supporting action to the
African
AMM Union mission in Darfur
AMIS II (8/05-12/07)
EUPAT: EU Police Advisory Team
in the Former Yugoslav Republic
of Macedonia (12/05 – 06/06)
EUPT Kosovo: EU Planning Team
in Kosovo (4/07- 06/08)
EU NAVFOR
EUFOR Tchad/RCA: EU Force in
Eastern Tchad & North Eastern
ARTEMIS
CAR
(10/07-03/09)
Legend
policy-making body
advisory body
overview of ESDP bodies
Ludwigkirchplatz 3-4
10719 Berlin
Germany
Phone ++49 (0)30 – 520 05 65 – 0
Fax ++49 (0)30 – 520 05 65 – 90
www.zif-berlin.org
[email protected]
Information
Secretary-General/High Representative (SG/HR)
Mr. Javier Solana Madariaga, since 18. October 1999
Key Facts:
• Appointed by the Cologne European Council, June 1999
• June 2004: Appointed for a second 5-year-term by the European Council
• Mr. Solana is intended to become the first EU Foreign Minister when/if the
Constitutional Treaty for Europe enters into force
Homepage of Javier Solana
Main Tasks and capabilities:
• Highest official and representative of the European Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)
• Announces EU Special Representatives, heads EU‘s diplomatic delegations, influences policy development
The post of High Representative for CFSP was added to that of Secretary-General of the Council in the Amsterdam
Treaty in 1997. Until then the Secretary General had been a senior official of the EU, whose task was to prepare the
meetings of the European Council and to assist the Presidency (Treaty on European Union, Article 18.3).
The importance of the SG/HR massively increased once former NATO-SG Javier Solana was appointed on 18 October
1999. The functions and tasks of the SG/HR were not precisely regulated in the revised EU-Treaty, so it was up to the
first officeholder to define his role. Delegating the preparatory assignments of his post mostly to the deputy SG,
Solana could focus completely on CFSP and became the most important politician within EU to deal with foreign
affairs. The initiation and establishment of the European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP) – amongst others by
integrating structures and resources of the Western European Union (WEU) – was crucially promoted by Solana,
additionally taking the office of Secretary-General of the WEU in November 1999.
The CFSP is the intergovernmental “Second Pillar“ of the European Union and the SG/HR is completely dependent on
the consensus of the member states. Whenever the EU-members were able to agree on a common position in foreign
policy – e.g. in terms of the Balkans or the Middle East –Solana could act as a powerful negotiator and could thereby
boost the importance of his post. In June 2003 the European Council of Thessaloniki asked the SG/HR to develop a
European Security Strategy (ESS) , which was presented to and adopted by the Brussels European Council in
December 2003. The ESS forms a comprehensive strategic framework for CFSP.
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Information
Policy Planning and Early Warning Unit (Policy Unit)
Key Facts:
• “Solana´s eyes and ears“
• Set up on account of declaration No. 6 annexed to the 1997 Amsterdam Treaty, naming the following tasks:
– “Monitoring and analysing developments in areas relevant to the CFSP”
– “Providing assessments of the Union's foreign and security policy interests and identifying areas where
the CFSP could focus in future”
– “Providing timely assessments and early warning of events or situations which may have significant
repercussions for the Union's foreign and security policy, including potential political crises”
– “Producing, at the request of either the Council or the Presidency or on its own initiative, argued policy
options papers to be presented under the responsibility of the Presidency as a contribution to policy
formulation in the Council, and which may contain analyses, recommendations and strategies for the
CFSP”
• Divided into eight task forces: - European Security and Defence Policy, Western Balkans/Central Europe; Early Warning/Conflict Prevention/Terrorism; - Horizontal Questions; - Latin America; Russia/Ukraine/Transatlantic/Baltic States; - Asia; - Mediterranean/Middle East/Africa; Administration/Security and Situation Centre/Crisis Cell
• Officially located at the Council General Secretariat (DG-E), with staff drawn from the member states, the
Secretariat and the Commission, but reports directly to the Secretary-General/High Representative
• Access to the political reporting from Commission delegations and information provided by ECHO
(Humanitarian Aid Department of the European Commission)
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Information
Joint Situation Centre (SITCEN)
Key Facts:
• Set up on 1 January 2003 by the Policy Unit to coincide with the start of the European Union Police Mission
(EUPM) in Bosnia
• Located in the Council General Secretariat
• SITCEN was established to bring together the expertise of civilian and military staff from the Policy Unit
and the military Situation Centre
• Its main task is to monitor developments in crisis regions and to provide risk assessments for the SecretaryGeneral/High Representative, the PSC and the EUMC. The External Relations (RELEX) Commissioner receives
some information as well.
• SITCEN is also intended to improve the cooperation on the field of intelligence cooperation between
member states. For that purpose and for setting up a secure communications network, SITCEN also includes
intelligence officers.
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Information
Council General Secretariat
Key Facts:
• With the launch of ESDP, the CFSP-unit inside Council General Secretariat was enlarged to Directorate-General E (DG-E),
dealing with External Relations (one of nine DG´s altogether)
• Among other 2nd Pillar bodies, DG-E deals with planning and concrete execution of CFSP/ESDP-missions
• It is divided into nine Directorates:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
Enlargement
Development
Multilateral Economic Affairs
Transatlantic Relations, UN and Human Rights
Mediterranean Basin, Middle East, Africa, Asia
Western Balkans Region, Eastern Europe and Central Asia
European Security and Defence Policy (ESDP)
Defence Aspects
Civilian Crisis Management and Co-ordination (including a Crisis Response Co-ordination Team – CRCT)
Note: The newly-established CPCC has taken over Directorate IX’s operational planning and conduct tasks in order to
strengthen the EU’s civilian crisis response capabilites within ESDP. Directorate IX will continue to deal with horizontal issues
(concepts, capabilities, training, etc.) of civilian ESDP and will also remain in charge of the pol-civ aspects of crisismanagement, including the preparation of the Crisis Management Concept (CMC)
• Certain shortfalls in the civilian crisis management capacity were identified when conducting the first civilian mission,
EUPM. Thus the Council decided to build up a “Planning and Mission Support Capability“ in November 2003 , in order to
improve the recruitment of mission staff, planning and provide support to ongoing missions.
• Furthermore a Civilian and Military Planning Cell was created within the EUMS/Council Secretariat to enhance coherence
of civilian and military instruments and conduct strategic planning. The CivMilCell is operable since summer 2005.
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Information
Political and Security Committee (PSC)
The central policy-making body of the CFSP/ESDP
Key Facts:
• Set up as a permanent board of high officials/ambassadors by
the Helsinki European Council in December 1999 and approved by the
Nice European Council a year later
• Legal basis: Articel 25, Consolidated Treaty on European Union, defining the
following tasks:
– “monitor the international situation in the areas covered by the CFSP and contribute to the definition
of policies by delivering opinions to the Council“
– “exercise, under the responsibility of the Council, political control and strategic direction of crisis
management operations.“
– “for the duration of a crisis management operation, as determined by the Council, to take the relevant
decisions concerning the political control and strategic direction of the operation“
• PSC meets at least twice weekly in ambassadorial formation in Brussels and less frequently as a board of the
political directors
• Supplemented by one delegate of the Commission
• The PSC develops resolutions regarding the CFSP/ESDP, but does not finally decide
• PSC-members are in close contact with their foreign ministries and represent their governments’ position in
the PSC
• In case of a crisis the Secretary-General/High Representative can take the chair in the PSC
see Council decisions to establish PSC, EUMC and EUMS
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Information
Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management (CIVCOM)
Key Facts:
• CIVCOM was set up as a standing advisory body by Council decision of 22 May 2000 and convened for the
first time on 16 June 2000
• CIVCOM formally reports to COREPER, but provides advice and expertise on civilian crisis management
mainly to the PSC
• Its staff consists of one representative of each member-state plus one delegate of the Commission
• As codified in the guidelines for the work of CIVCOM (annex of the document of adoption), its tasks are
– to assist the PSC and other council bodies by “acquiring a comprehensive view of the means available
to the EU and to Member States to respond to a crisis“
– to improve EU´s crisis management capability, e.g. by developing and implementing lessons learned/
common standards and best-practice, helping to ensure a higher degree of coherence in EU-strategies,
helping to improve co-ordination of resources and exchange of information in the EU etc.
• Furthermore, CIVCOM helps to achieve the civilian headline goals (currently the “Civilian Headline Goal
2008“), decided in the Council
• The newly-established Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC) provides essential planning
assistance and support to CIVCOM, which also closely co-operates with DG-E of the Council General
Secretariat, especially Directorate IX
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Information
European Union Military Committee (EUMC)
Key Facts EUMC:
•EUMC is the central military forum within the EU
•Set up 2001 by Council decision
•Consists of permanent military representatives from the
member states, who meet at least weekly
•Meetings of the member states‘ defence chiefs at least twice a year
•EUMC‘s main task is to advise the PSC on military crisis management and to exercise military direction of all
military activities within the EU framework
•The EUMC-chairman participates in meetings of the Council, when defence matters are discussed
see Council decisions to establish PSC, EUMC and EUMS
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Information
European Union Military Staff (EUMS)
Key Facts EUMS:
• EUMS is the planning and supporting body for the EUMC and has over 130 military personnel
• Assigned to conduct early warning, assessment of a crisis and certain response capabilities and to develop
Military Strategic Options
• Although EUMS assists the EUMC, it is a department of the Council General Secretariat and is directly
attached to the High Representative. Its staff participates in the Joint Situation Centre (SITCEN)
• EUMS has five divisions:
– Policy and Plans
– Intelligence
– Operations and Exercises
– Logistics and Resources
– Communications and Information Systems
• The civilian-military (CivMil) Cell within the EU Military Staff provides a joint civ-mil planning capability,
bringing together CPCC and military planners under the functional authority of the Civilian Operations
Commander, thereby ensuring enhanced civ-mil co-operation from the planning phase
see Council decisions to establish PSC, EUMC and EUMS
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Information
Committee of the Permanent Representatives (COREPER)
Comité des Représentants Permanents
Key Facts:
• COREPER is the preparatory body for the ministerial Council meetings and consists of the member states‘
highest ranked ambassadors (heads of mission). COREPER covers the full scope of EU business.
• COREPER was set up in 1958, its obligations are described in the Council´s rules of procedure. Its current
legal basis is Article 207 of the EC Treaty.
• As codified in Article 207 of the EC Treaty, COREPER‘s main task is to “…be responsible for preparing the
work of the Council and for carrying out the tasks assigned to it by the Council“.
• COREPER meets in two formations:
– COREPER I: Deputy Permanent Representatives, e.g. dealing with economic, social, health or
agricultural issues, mostly meeting twice a week (on Wednesday, additionally on Friday)
– COREPER II: Permanent Representatives, largely dealing with CFSP and ESDP as well as financial and
judicial issues, meeting at least once a week (on Thursday)
• COREPER coordinates and oversees the work of some 250 committees and working groups which prepare the
political issues of the Council’s agenda
• Less important topics are mostly decided on by COREPER without being issued again in the Council. Due to
the fact that members of COREPER are in constant and close contact with their home governments,
COREPER‘s decisions in terms of CFSP and ESDP are usually simply confirmed by the General Affairs and
External Relations Council.
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Information
Council of the European Union – General Affairs and External Relations Council
Final decision-making body for CFSP/ESDP
Key Facts:
• The Council of the European Union (‘Council of Ministers’)
is the leading legislative and decision-making body within the EU
• The GAERC is the foreign ministers‘ formation of the Council
Website of the Council
• Legal basis: Title V Treaty on European Union, Article 7 ff. EC Treaty
• GAERC is chaired by the Presidency’s foreign minister and meets on a monthly basis
• Since 2002 the GAERC has convened in separate sessions for general affairs and external relations. In the
latter case the Secretary-General/High Representative for CFSP also takes part at Council meetings. On
certain occasions member states‘ defence ministers also attend, as well as Commission delegates.
• Regarding the Common Foreign Security Policy, GAERC’s main tasks are to
– define and to implement the CFSP, based on guidelines set by the Heads of State and Government at
the EU Summits
– agree on joint actions, regulations, directives, decisions, common positions, recommendations or
opinions
• The Council’s agenda is prepared by COREPER. Issues that COREPER has already agreed on are usually
formally approved by the GAERC, which only dwells on select topics at the highest intergovernmental level.
• Unanimity: Decisions in the field of CFSP and ESDP have to be taken by consensus (as codified in Article 23
TEU). Member states have the option of a constructive abstention, obligating them to give a formal
explanation on their reasons. A decision is blocked if more than one third of the member states abstains
from voting or any state vetoes the decision.
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Overview of Second-Pillar-Bodies (simplified)
European Council
(Summit of the Heads of State and Government)
Council of the European Union
Committee of the Permanent Representatives (COREPER)
policy-making body
advisory body
Political and Security Committee (PSC)
Secretary General/High Representative
Council General Secretariat
Policy Planning &
Early Warning Unit
Joint Situation Centre
(SITCEN)
EU Military Staff
(EUMS)
Civ. Planning & Conduct
Capability (CPCC)
Committee for Civilian
Aspects of Crisis
Management (CIVCOM)
EU Military Committee
(EUMC)
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Information
Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (CPCC)
New civilian equivalent to the EU Military Staff (EUMS)
Key Facts:
• On 18 June 2007, the EU Council of Ministers agreed on a new chain of command for civilian ESDP
operations amid a growing demand for civilian crisis management operations
• The CPCC is responsible for the planning and conduct of civilian ESDP operations, and is headed by a Civilian
Operations Commander who exercises command and control at the strategic level of civilian ESDP
operations
• The CPCC staff is divided into
– an Operations Unit
– a Mission Support Unit
• The CPCC draws on expertise and staff from the Secretariat’s Civilian Crisis Management Directorate, D-GE IX.
• After the take-over of mission planning and conduct by the CPCC, the Crisis Management Directorate (DG-E
IX‘s) remains tasked with political and strategic guidance functions
• The CPCC is placed under the political control and strategic direction of the Political and Security
Committee (PSC) and the overall authority of the Secretary-General/High Representative
• It will provide planning and support assistance to CIVCOM, similar to EUMS’s assistance to the EUMC
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