Transcript Literary Terms - Valley Central School District / Overview

Literary Terms
Genre is an important word in the English class.
We teach different genres of literature such as
poetry, short stories, myths, plays, non-fiction,
novels, mysteries, and so on. When we speak
about a kind of literature we are really speaking
about a genre of literature. So when someone
asks you what genre of literature you like, you
might answer, poetry, novels, comics, and so on.
Genre
Character
A character is a person or an
animal that takes part in the
action of a literary work.
• The Antagonist is a character or
force in conflict with a main
character, or protagonist.
Antagonist
• On your paper take a few minutes to write down some
Antagonists that you can recall from movies,
television shows, and video games
• Remember the Antagonist is in conflict with the
Protagonist or, main character!
• Helpful hint – you should now know why people use
the saying “Don’t antagonize me!”
Do you know your
Antagonists???
• The Protagonist is the main character in a
literary work
• Can you name some famous Protagonists
that are found in literature?
Protagonist
• Characterization is the process by which the writer
reveals the personality of a character.
Characterization is revealed through direct
characterization and indirect characterization.
CHARACTERIZATION
Direct Characterization tells the audience what the
personality of the character is.
Example: “The patient boy and quiet girl were both well
mannered and did not disobey their mother.”
Explanation: The author is directly telling the audience the
personality of these two children. The boy is “patient” and
the girl is “quiet.”
DIRECT
CHARACTERIZATION
Indirect Characterization shows things that reveal the personality of a
character. There are five different methods of indirect characterization:
SPEECH
What does the character say? How does the character speak?
THOUGHTS
What is revealed through the character’s private thoughts and feelings?
EFFECT ON
OTHERS
How do other characters feel or behave in reaction to the character?
ACTIONS
What does the character do? How does the character behave?
LOOKS
What does the character look like? How does the character dress?
INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION
Plot
Plot is the sequence of events. The first event causes the
second, the second causes the third, and so forth.
PLOT TRIANGLE
Climax
Resolution
Exposition
Conflict Introduced
Introduction
• Introduces the characters,
setting, and basic situation.
Exposition
Setting
The setting of a literary work is the time and
place of the action.
The setting includes all the details of a place
and time – the year, the time of day, even the
weather. The place may be a specific
country, state, region, community,
neighborhood, building, institution, or home.
.
Events that lead to the climax of
the story.
Rising Action
Point of greatest emotional
intensity, interest, or suspense.
Typically comes at the turning
point in a story or drama.
Climax
Action that follows the climax and
reveals its results.
Falling Action
Part of the plot that concludes the
falling action by revealing or
suggesting the outcome of the
conflict.
Resolution
• There are 3 ways of telling a story:
• 1st person - "I" tells the story and is a character in the story;
this can be present tense or past tense.
• 2nd person - "You" is used to tell the story; these tend to be
like Choose Your Own Adventure stories or computer games
and are usually in the present tense.
• 3rd person - "He, she, it, they" - the story is told by
someone, usually not identified by name, who knows it.
Usually in the past tense.
POINT OF VIEW
Theme
The theme of a literary work is its central
message, concern, or purpose.
A theme can usually be expressed as a
generalization, or general statement, about people
or life. The theme may be stated directly by the
writer although it is more often presented
indirectly. When the theme is stated indirectly,
the reader must figure out the theme by looking
carefully at what the work reveals about the
people or about life.
CINDERELLA
• Setting: long ago, the palace, the ball, a far away kingdom, the
home of Cinderella's step-mother.
• Characterization:
• Cinderella: loving, kind, works hard, pretty, innocent, hero,
cheerful, smart, happy.
• Step-mother & step-sisters: jealous, mean, ugly, self-absorbed,
villain, lazy, nasty.
CINDERELLA
• Theme: Work hard and good things come. What goes
around comes around.
• Plot:
• Exposition:
• As a child, Cinderella was happy. After her mother died, her
father re-married a mean woman with two daughters. The stepmother gave her daughters everything and Cinderella nothing.
CINDERELLA
• Rising Action:
• A messenger delivers an invitation to the ball. The step-mother tells
Cinderella she can go if she finishes her chores. The Fairy Godmother
gives Cinderella a dress and coach. Cinderella arrives at the ball and
dances with the Prince. On the way out she drops her shoe.
• Climax:
• The Prince finds Cinderella and puts the glass slipper on her foot. It
fits!
• Resolution:
• Cinderella and the Prince get married.
• Conflict:
• Man vs. Man (Cinderella vs. step-mother and step-sisters).
• Man vs. Nature (Cinderella vs. the stroke of midnight).
CINDERELLA
Conflict
Conflict is the struggle between
opposing forces in a story or play.
There are two types of conflict that
exist in literature.
External conflict exists when a character struggles against some
outside force, such as another character, nature, society, or fate.
Man vs. Society (The Monsters are Due on Maple Street)
Man vs. Man (Cinderella vs. step-mother and step-sisters)
Man vs. Nature (Cinderella vs. the stroke of midnight)
External Conflict
Internal conflict exists within the mind of a character who is torn
between different courses of action.
Man vs. Himself (A Christmas Carol)
Internal Conflict
MOOD
Mood, or atmosphere, is the feeling
created in the reader by a literary work
or passage.
Writer’s use many devices to create mood, including
images, dialogue, setting, and plot. Often, a writer
creates a mood at the beginning of a work and then
sustains the mood throughout. Sometimes, however,
the mood of the work changes dramatically.
Imagery is words or phrases that
appeal to one or more of the
five senses. Writers use
imagery to describe how their
subjects look, sound, feel,
taste, and smell.
Imagery
A flashback is a literary device in
which an earlier episode,
conversation, or event is inserted into
the sequence of events. Often
flashbacks are presented as a
memory of the narrator or of another
character.
Flashback
Flashback continued…
The movie Titanic is told almost entirely in a flashback.
What are some other films that contain flashback to help tell
stories?
Holes
Willy Wonka
Think of some more…
Foreshadowing is the author’s use of clues to hint at what
might happen later in the story. Writers use
foreshadowing to build their readers’ expectations and to
create suspense. This is used to help readers prepare for
what is to come.
Foreshadowing
Example:
Scrooge wished he could rid himself of the sick feeling in
his gut that told him something terrible was going to
happen.
Foreshadowing in
Literature
FIGURATIVE
LANGUAGE
A figure of speech is a specific device or kind of
figurative language, such as hyperbole, metaphor,
personification, simile, or understatement.
Figurative language is used to state ideas in vivid
and imaginative ways.
Figures of Speech
A Simile is another figure of speech that compares seemingly
unlike things. Similes use the words like or as.
Examples: Her voice was like nails on a chalkboard.
The metal twisted like a ribbon.
She is as sweet as candy.
Simile
Using “like” or “as” doesn’t always make a simile.
A comparison must be made.
Not a Simile: I like pizza.
Simile: The moon is like a pizza.
Important!
A Metaphor is a type of speech that compares or equates two or
more things that have something in common. A metaphor does
NOT use like or as.
Examples: Life is a bowl of cherries.
All the world is a stage.
Her heart is stone.
Metaphor
Personification
Personification is a figure of speech in
which an animal, object, force of
nature, or idea is given human qualities
or characteristics.
Examples: Tears began to fall from the
dark clouds.
The sunlight danced.
Water on the lake shivers.
The streets are calling me.
Alliteration is the repetition of sounds, most often consonant
sounds, at the beginning of words. Alliteration gives emphasis to
words.
Example: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers
Alliteration
•
•
•
•
•
•
A word that “makes” a sound
SPLAT
PING
SLAM
POP
POW
Onomatopoeia
• Juxtaposition is a literary technique in which two or more
ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side
by side in a narrative or a poem for the purpose of
developing comparisons and contrasts
Juxtaposition
“What two images are juxtaposed here?”
“What is the same about these images? What is different?”
“Why did the artist want you to compare these two images?”
“How did the author of A Long Walk to Water
juxtapose Nya and Salva?”
Juxtaposition in A Long Walk to
Water
On a separate sheet of paper…
1.
2.
3.
I will put an example of figurative language on the board.
You will write whether it is an simile, metaphor,
personification, juxtaposition, or onomatopoeia.
You can use your notes.
Quiz
He drew a line as straight as an arrow.
1
Knowledge is a kingdom and all who learn are kings and queens.
2
The sun was beating down on me.
3
A flag wags like a fishhook there in the sky.
4
Ravenous and savage
from its long
polar journey,
the North Wind
is searching
for food—
5
• The clouds smiled down at me.
6.
• SPLAT!
7.
• She is as sweet as candy
8.
• The wheat field was a sea of gold.
9.
• The streets called to him.
10.
• POP!
11.
• She was dressed to the nines.
12.
• Your face is killing me!
13.
• She was as white as a ghost.
14.
15.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPiVfdwAsUg
Figurative Language
YouTube!