Goal 10 Objective: 10.05



Push factor – condition that drives people from their homeland

 Pull factor – condition that attracts people to move to a new area

Immigration late 19th and early 20th centuries

fleeing

persecution famine Push Factors

/ poverty

political

turmoil lack of

farmland

in Europe • Russian •

Jews Armenians

•

Irish

• Chinese

Mexicans

• •

Irish Italians

  

I. Fleeing Persecution

 persecute – to mistreat

From 1880 – 1914 approximately 3 million Russian Jews came to the U.S. in order to escape from pogroms.

 pogrom – organized attacks on Jewish villages Approximately two millions Armenians were killed in the former Ottoman Empire. Ottoman Empire = modern day Turkey

 In the 1840’s, over 1 million people died in Ireland due to the Irish Potato Famine.

 As a result, over 1.5 million Irish immigrants came to the U.S. by 1860.

 Thousands of Mexicans came to the U.S. in order to escape from violence during the Mexican Revolution.

 Land was scarce in Europe, but it was plentiful in the U.S.

German English African Italian Puerto Rican Japanese American Mexican Irish

 From 1892 – 1924, approximately 22 million immigrants entered the United States through Ellis Island, NY

 From 1910 to 1940, thousands of immigrants, many of whom were Asian, entered the United States through Angel Island, CA.

  Most immigrants stayed in the cities where they landed By 1900, lower Manhattan was the most crowded place in the world.

 Immigrants adjusted by settling in communities with people of their own ethnic group.

Little Italy, New York City A Jewish vendor in Lower East Side, New York City

A.

Ethnic Ghettos C. Needed Jobs 1. Spoke native language 2. Celebrated holidays with foods from the “old country.” B. Being with their “own people” made life in America easier 1. Many lived off the land 2. Took low paying jobs -seen as a threat – willing to work for less - workers afraid immigrants would take all of the jobs

D. Had to learn English E. Children wanted to be seen as Americans 1. Children in school (learned the easiest) 2. Workers 1. Helped family learn English 2. Played American games 3. Wore American clothing

 The process whereby a minority group gradually adopts the customs and attitudes of the majority culture.

 Assimilation was a long, slow process.

 Many Americans feared that new immigrants would never assimilate.

 Asians were prohibited from buying land in California.

 Chinese immigrants were frequently attacked, and occasionally killed, by racist mobs.

Video: Snake River Massacre (1:50)

 It barred the immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years.

 It was renewed several times by Congress before being repealed in 1943 by the Supreme Court.

 Due to the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, Americans on the West Coast looked for laborers from other Asian countries, mainly Japan and the Philippines  Japanese immigrants became successful farmers, also working in lumber mills and mines.

 American farmers and factory workers resented the Japanese immigrants.

 Japan agreed to limit the number of workers coming to the United States for 10 years.

 The United States agreed to allow the wives of Japanese men already in the U.S. to join them.

 Due to revolution and famine, thousands of Mexicans came to the U.S. in 1910.

 Mexicans worked in fields, harvesting crops, and helped build area highways.

 Mexicans created their own neighborhoods called barrios.

 Many Mexicans were victims of prejudice and were attacked frequently.

 Introduction Sociologists have identified a few major theories on how newly arrived immigrants integrate themselves into American society. Over time all new immigrants adopt some aspects of American culture and add something new.



" Melting Pot" Theory

"melted" together.

According to the Melting Pot Theory peoples from various cultures come to America and contribute aspects of their culture to create a new, unique American culture. The result is that contributions from many cultures are indistinguishable from one another and are effectively

 According to the

Salad Bowl Theory

there are times when newly arrived immigrants do not lose the unique aspects of their cultures like in the melting pot model, instead they retain them. The unique characteristics of each culture are still identifiable within the larger American society, much like the ingredients in a salad are still identifiable, yet contribute to the overall make up of the salad bowl. It is this theory that also accounts for the retention of the "something-American" hyphenation when identifying cultural identity. This theory is also referred to as pluralism.

 Assimilation is the concept that eventually immigrants or their decedents adopt enough of the American culture that while they may retain aspects or traditions of their cultural heritage, they are identifiable as uniquely "American". Most if all of these cultural traditions (language, foods, etc..) have been replaced with "Americanized" traditions.

 Assimilation has proven difficult, even over multiple generations for African-Americans and other physically unique cultural groups.