Transcript North and South - Midway ISD / Home Page

North and South
U.S. History
Chapter 14
New Inventions
 A steam-powered
locomotive engine
pulling rail cars
transformed railroads
into practical
transportation
 Two sets of tracks
were laid; one in each
direction
New Inventions
 Railroads threatened
workers who moved
freight by wagon and
those who invested
in canals
 Competition from
railroads might cause
them to lose
investments
New Inventions
 Speed was key to
successful trade at
sea
 Clipper ships broke
every speed record;
helped the US gain
a large share of the
world’s sea trade
Northern Economy Expands
 Factories began to
use steam power
and could be built
almost anywhere
 Water-powered
factories needed to
be built along
banks of swiftlyflowing rivers
Factory Conditions Become Worse
 Laborers worked
longer hours for lower
wages
 Workers often lived in
dark, dingy houses by
the factory
 Entire families were
hired to work in
factories
Workers Join Together
 Artisans, or skilled
workers, won better
pay because of
their skills
 Trade Unions
organized workers
to work for
improvements in
working conditions
Workers Join Together
 Organized factory
workers won the
right to strike in
1842
 Strike: refusal to
work as a protest
against specific
conditions
New Wave of Immigrants
 Irish and German
immigrants
increased in 1840
 “Nativist” was a
group that wanted
laws to limit
immigration
 Know-Nothing Party:
hostile to immigrants
African Americans
 Discrimination: policy or
an attitude that denies
equal rights to certain
groups of people
 African Americans faced
harsh discrimination in the
South
 States limited the rights of
free African Americans
African Americans
 Even skilled
African
Americans had
difficulty finding
jobs in the North
 School was seen
as the best way to
achieve success
in a job
Cotton Kingdom
 1793: Whitney’s
cotton gin had
enormous effect on
southern economy
 Profits increased;
more cotton cleaned
in same amount of
time with the gin
 Plantations extended
as far west as Texas
Agricultural Economy
 The South’s economy
was based on
agriculture; climate
ideal for raising major
cash crops and
livestock
 Planters wanted to
invest in more land
and more slaves
Limited Industry in South
 Agricultural tools were
manufactured, but most
manufactured goods
were purchased from the
North
 Slaves had no money to
buy anything; lowered
demand for
manufactured goods
Economic Dependence
 Southern planters
borrowed money
from northern banks
to expand
plantations
 Cotton was “king”
White Southerners
 “Cottonocracy”:
very few but very
wealthy families
who made huge
amounts of
money from
cotton
White Southerners
 Small Farmers: “plain
folk” who owned the
land they farmed;
worked along with
any slaves; 75% of
white population
 Poor Whites: lowest
on social ladder;
rented land they
farmed
Life Without Freedom
 Slave Codes:
kept slaves from
either running
away or rebelling
 Crime for slaves
to know how to
read or write
Resistance Against Slavery
 Slaves resisted by
breaking tools,
destroying crops,
trying to escape to the
North
 Nat Turner led a major
slave revolt; revolts
were rare and had no
chance of success
Coping with Slavery
 Religion offered
hope
 Preserved African
traditions
 Protected from
mistreatment by
owner's need to
keep them healthy
and productive
Review Questions
 What made it possible for southern planters
to boost their profits after 1793?
 A. Planters started raising livestock
 B. Workers planted less cotton and more rice
and sugar cane
 C. Workers cleaned more cotton in the same
amount of time with a gin.
Review Questions
 What made it possible
for southern planters to
boost their profits after
1793?
 C. Workers cleaned
more cotton in the
same amount of
time with a gin.
Review Questions
 This group wanted laws to limit immigration
 A. Nativist
 B. Trade Union
 C. Artisan
Review Questions
 This group
wanted laws to
limit immigration
 A. Nativist
Review Questions
 Refusal to work as a protest against specific
conditions
 A. Trade Union
 B. Strike
 C. Famine
Review Questions
 Refusal to work as a protest against specific
conditions
 A. Trade Union
 B. Strike
 C. Famine
Review Questions
 Skilled Worker
 A. Nativist
 B. Artisan
 C. Unionist
Review Questions
 Skilled Worker
 A. Nativist
 B. Artisan
 C. Unionist
Review Questions
 An agricultural economy developed in the
South because
 A. the land and climate were ideal for cotton,
rice and livestock
 B. Southerners wanted to live on estates like
European royalty did
 C. Other US climates were not as well suited
for agriculture
Review Questions
 An agricultural
economy
developed in the
South because
 A. the land and
climate were ideal
for cotton, rice
and livestock
Review Questions
 What was true about the earliest American
railroads?
 A. They initially moved slower than canal
transportation did
 B. They were often built with a separate track
for each direction
 C. They threw off sparks that sometimes set
buildings on fire
Review Questions
 What was true
about the earliest
American
railroads?
 C. They
sometimes threw
off sparks that set
building on fire.
Review Questions
 Which statement BEST illustrates the South’s
dependence on the North?
 A. Northerners bought manufactured goods
from southern factories
 B. Southerners relied on northern factory
models
 C. Southern planters borrowed money from
northern banks to buy farm tools
Review Questions
 Which statement
BEST illustrates the
South’s dependence
on the North?
 C. Southern planters
borrowed money
from northern banks
to buy farm tools
Review Questions
 Which of the following statements does NOT
describe factory conditions in the 1840s?
 A. Laborers worked longer hours for lower
wages
 B. Workers lived in well-built factory housing
 C. Factory owners hired entire families
Review Questions
 Which of the following statements does NOT
describe factory conditions in the 1840s?
 A. Laborers worked longer hours for lower
wages
 B. Workers lived in well-built factory housing
 C. Factory owners hired entire families
Review Questions
 Which statement does NOT describe most
small farmers in the South?
 A. They rented the land they worked
 B. They worked alongside their slaves in the
fields
 C. They owned one or two slaves
Review Questions
 Which statement does NOT describe most
small farmers in the South?
 A. They rented the land they worked
 B. They worked alongside their slaves in the
fields
 C. They owned one or two slaves
Review Questions
 What is one way that steam-powered
machinery changed manufacturing?
 A. Machines produced more goods at a
higher cost
 B. Factories could be built almost anywhere
 C. Machines were more expensive to run
Review Questions
 What is one way
that steampowered
machinery
changed
manufacturing?
 B. Factories could
be built almost
anywhere
Review Questions
 What is an organization of workers?
 A. Artisan
 B. Famine
 C. Trade Union
Review Questions
 What is an organization of workers?
 A. Artisan
 B. Famine
 C. Trade Union
Review Questions
 By 1860, free African Americans in the South
 A. made up one-third of the South’s
population
 B. faced harsh discrimination
 C. had the same rights as poor whites
Review Questions
 By 1860, free
African
Americans in the
South
 B. faced harsh
discrimination
Review Questions
 Clipper ships helped the United States
 A. ship more cargo than British steamships
carried
 B. develop industry in the South
 C. gain a large share of the world’s sea trade
Review Questions
 Clipper ships
helped the United
States
 C. gain a large
share of the
world’s sea trade
Review Questions
 All of the following were methods that African
Americans used to resist slavery EXCEPT
 A. breaking tools and destroying crops
 B. trying to escape to the North
 C. becoming skilled artisans
Review Questions
 All of the following were methods that African
Americans used to resist slavery EXCEPT
 A. breaking tools and destroying crops
 B. trying to escape to the North
 C. becoming skilled artisans
Review Questions
 Who would have said that the railroad
competition would cause them to lose
money?
 A. factory owners
 B. canal investors
 C. telegraph investors
Review Questions
 Who would have said that the railroad
competition would cause them to lose
money?
 A. factory owners
 B. canal investors
 C. telegraph investors
Review Questions
 What was the primary purpose of the slave
codes?
 A. to prevent slaves from running away
 B. to guarantee good working conditions for
slaves
 C. to prevent slaves from practicing their
religion
Review Questions
 What was the
primary purpose
of the slave
codes?
 A. to prevent
slaves from
running away
Review Questions
 Which list classifies groups of white
southerners beginning with the wealthiest?
 A. the Cottonocracy, small farmers, poor
whites
 B. the Cottonocracy, poor whites, small
farmers
 C. small farmers, the Cottonocracy, poor
whites
Review Questions
 Which list classifies
groups of white
southerners
beginning with the
wealthiest?
 A. the Cottonocracy,
small farmers, poor
whites
Review Questions
 What did factory workers hope to achieve by
forming trade unions?
 A. an end to the factory system
 B. cooperation with factory owners
 C. improvements in working conditions
Review Questions
 What did factory workers hope to achieve by
forming trade unions?
 A. an end to the factory system
 B. cooperation with factory owners
 C. improvements in working conditions
Review Questions
 What victory did organized factory workers
gain in 1842?
 A. right to strike
 B. training programs
 C. eight-hour workday
Review Questions
 What victory did organized factory workers
gain in 1842?
 A. right to strike
 B. training programs
 C. eight-hour workday
Review Questions
 Which of the following was NOT a result of
the invention of the cotton gin?
 A. Cotton profits increased enormously
 B. Cotton plantations extended as far west as
Texas
 C. Cotton growers used profits to build more
textile mills
Review Questions
 Which of the following was NOT a result of
the invention of the cotton gin?
 A. Cotton profits increased enormously
 B. Cotton plantations extended as far west as
Texas
 C. Cotton growers used profits to build more
textile mills
Review Questions
 Which worker would have been MOST likely
to object to the new railroads?
 A. wagon driver
 B. farm worker
 C. telegraph operator
Review Questions
 Which worker
would have been
MOST likely to
object to the new
railroads?
 A. wagon driver
Review Questions
 Nat Turner resisted slavery by
 A. writing antislavery literature
 B. leading a major slave revolt
 C. escaping to the North
Review Questions
 Nat Turner
resisted slavery
by
 B. leading a
major slave
revolt
Review Questions
 Which group made up about 75% of the white
population in the South?
 A. Small Farmers
 B. Wealthy Planters
 C. Poor Whites
Review Questions
 Which group made up about 75% of the white
population in the South?
 A. Small Farmers
 B. Wealthy Planters
 C. Poor Whites
Review Questions
 What products did southerners buy largely
from the North?
 A. manufactured goods
 B. cotton
 C. lumber
Review Questions
 What products
did southerners
buy largely from
the North?
 A. manufactured
goods
Review Questions
 How did the practice of slavery hurt the
development of southern industry?
 A. Planters feared that factory jobs would
encourage slave revolts
 B. Slaves were unwilling to operate factory
machinery
 C. Slaves had no money to buy manufactured
goods.
Review Questions
 How did the
practice of slavery
hurt the
development of
southern industry?
 C. Slaves had no
money to buy
manufactured
goods
Review Questions
 Which of the following was overall the BEST
protection for enslaved African Americans
against mistreatment?
 A. Owner’s needs to keep the slaves healthy
and productive
 B. Federal laws
 C. Slave revolts
Review Questions
 Which of the following was overall the BEST
protection for enslaved African Americans
against mistreatment?
 A. Owner’s needs to keep the slaves healthy
and productive
 B. Federal laws
 C. Slave revolts
Review Questions
 Which statement describes the experiences
of free African Americans in the South?
 A. States limited their rights
 B. Slave owners forced them to move to other
states
 C. They lived far from the cities
Review Questions
 Which statement describes the experiences
of free African Americans in the South?
 A. States limited their rights
 B. Slave owners forced them to move to other
states
 C. They lived far from the cities
Good Luck on Your Test!