Transcript Tomislav Skračić, MA Undergraduate English Course for

Tomislav Skračić, MA
Undergraduate English
Course for
MARINE ENGINEERS
2nd Semester
Essential reading:
SPINČIĆ, A., An English Textbook For Marine Engineers I.,
Pomorski fakultet, Rijeka 2008.
LUZER, J., SPINČIĆ, A., Gramatička vježbenica engleskog jezika
za pomorce, Pomorski fakultet, Rijeka 2003.
SHIP PROPULSION – Part 2
Types of engines
KEY WORDS
a fairly wide range
- poprilično širok izbor / raspon
in regular use
- u redovitoj uporabi
in the course of years - tijekom godina
improve (v.)
- poboljšati
modern refinements - moderna poboljšanja
re-heat cycle
- krug dogorjevanja
superheat (n.)
- pregrijavanje
obsolete
- zastario, napušten
supersede (v.)
- istisnuti, zamijeniti
piston rod
- stapajica / klipnjača
crankshaft
- koljenasto vratilo, radilica
SHIP PROPULSION – Part 2
Types of engines
KEY WORDS
throughout their operation
- za vrijeme rada
smoothness (n.)
- mirnoća, miran rad (bez vibracija)
reliability (n.)
- pouzdanost
application (n.)
- primjena
coupled to the shaft - spojen / prikopčan na osovinu
gas turbine
- plinska turbina
steam turbine
- parna turbina
free piston engine
- motor bez klipa (npr. turbina)
naval craft
- ratni brod / plovilo
nowadays
- u današnje vrijeme
decline (v.)
- opadati
as yet
- do sada
SHIP PROPULSION – Part 2
Types of engines
STEAM RECIPROCATING ENGINE
STEAM RECIPROCATING ENGINE
SHIP PROPULSION – Part 2
Types of engines
STEAM RECIPROCATING ENGINE
In the steam reciprocating engine, the up and down
movement of pistons is converted into rotary movement
by piston rods and crankshaft. The steam reciprocating
engine, the oldest form of mechanical propulsion, was in
regular use for almost two hundred years. In the course of
years the machinery was improved and developed
compared to its original version, but even with modern
refinements, such as superheat and re-heat cycle, the
steam reciprocating engine has become obsolete. The
steam propulsion has been superseded by the steam
turbine.
SHIP PROPULSION – Part 2
Types of engines
STEAM TURBINE
Steam turbines rotate through their operation. They are
often the first choice for very large main propulsion units
due to:
 their smoothness (little or no vibration),
 low weight,
 minimum space requirements,
 reliability,
 low maintenance costs.
Steam turbines have found aplication for the propulsion of
most supertankers, some fast passenger liners and fast
cargo liners such as container ships.
SHIP PROPULSION – Part 2
Types of engines
ADVANTAGES of the steam turbine propulsion
If compared to reciprocating engines, steam turbines
offer the following advantages:
 they are smaller in size,
 they have better power output, compared to any
type of reciprocating engines of the same size,
 require less auxiliaries such as pumps, purifiers...
 are cheaper to build and install,
 maintenance costs are up to 60% less,
 no vibration.
dual-fuel steam turbine propulsion
SHIP PROPULSION – Part 2
Types of engines
DIESEL-ELECTRIC OR TURBO-ELECTRIC DRIVE
A number of ships have also been built with diesel-electric
or turbo-electric drive. In these ships the power units
(steam or diesel) are not used to drive the propellers
directly, but to generate electricity for driving the motor
coupled to the shaft.
These units have greater flexibility, but against this must
be set the increased costs of installation, maintenance
and operation.
gas turbine
gas turbine installation
SHIP PROPULSION – Part 2
Types of engines
GAS TURBINE and NUCLEAR POWER
Gas turbine and free piston engines have been used for
some merchant ships and naval craft.
Nuclear power has proved to be, as yet, an
uneconomical method of ship drive. Nowadays, the
popularity of nuclear power for marine as well as for
ashore application is declining. Nuclear power propulsion
units can be found in naval submarines, aircraft carriers
and Russian ice-breakers.
SHIP PROPULSION – Part 2
Answer the following questions:
1. What is the oldest form of mechanical marine
propulsion?
2. How long was it in use?
3. Is the reciprocating steam engine still used for ship
propulsion? Explain.
4. What advantages do steam turbines offer if compared
to reciprocating engines?
5. What offsets the steam turbine advantages when
compared with a diesel engine?
6. State the advantages and the disadvantages of the
electric drive.
7. Why haven’t gas turbines, free piston engines and
nuclear power found a wide application on merchant
vessel?
SHIP PROPULSION – Part 2
Answer the following question:
What types of ships make use of the following propelling
units?
a) Steam turbine
b) Gas turbine
c) Nuclear power
d) Two-stroke slow-speed diesel engine