Transcript 'New' Sulfonylurea Turfgrass Herbicides 2004

“New” Sulfonylurea
Turfgrass Herbicides
2004
Tim R. Murphy
The University of Georgia
“Newer” SU Herbicides
TranXit - SU
Manor, Blade- SU
Corsair – SU
Manage - SU
Revolver - SU
Monument – SU
Velocity – Not an SU, but similar MOA
Amino acids
Building blocks of plant proteins
Enzymes mediate biochemical
reactions
Storage roles - seed reserves
Structural roles
Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
 Imidazolinones
 Image
 Plateau
 Sulfonylureas






Manor, Blade
Manage
Corsair
Revolver
TranXit
Monument
 Roundup Pro
 Velocity
Excessive Rate of Manor on Zoysia
Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
Characteristics
 Most of these herbicides have soil and foliar
activity except glyphosate
 Undergo significant translocation
 Soil residual activity herbicide-dependent
 Low use-rate herbicides
 Very low toxicity
Sulfonylureas
Manor, Corsair, Manage,TranXit, Monument,
Revolver
rapid shoot and root aborption
translocates to meristematic areas
inhibits leucine, isoleucine and valine synthesis
growth is impaired and plants die over 1 to 3 wk
period
TranXit – Griffin LLC
 Poa control before overseeding (includes greens)
 DNAs, Dimension, Kerb, Rubigan
 Poa control in non-overseeded bermuda, centipede and
zoysia
 Triazines, Kerb, Diquat
 Spring transition aid in overseeded bermuda
 Manor, Revolver, Monument, Kerb, Embark
 NON-RESIDENTIAL USE ONLY
Weeds Controlled by TranXit
 annual bluegrass
 ryegrass spp.
 little barley
 tall fescue
 blue-eyedgrass
 rough bluegrass
 common chickweed
 shepherd’s-purse
 henbit
 field pansy
 cutleaf eveningprimrose
 spotted spurge
 pennywort (dollarweed)
TranXit
Rimsulfuron 25DF
Sulfonylurea
2.0 to 4.0 ozs. product/acre
Chemically degraded, more rapid under alkaline
or acid conditions
t-1/2 in soil is 2 to 10 days
Poa Control in Bermudagrass
Non-overseeded ‘Tifway’
Single or repeat applications of rimsulfuron
2 and 4 oz./acre + NIS
March 14
Tifway – 15% green-up, Poa annua – seedheads
Followed by March 27
Tifway – 20% green-up, Poa annua – seedheads
Poa annua control (%)
Poa annua control.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
*
12 DAA
Tranxit 2 oz
Tranxit fb Tranxit 4 oz
30 DAA
Tranxit 4 oz
UTC
47 DAA
57 DAA
Tranxit fb Tranxit 2 oz
Untreated Check
57 DAA
TranXit 2.0 ozs.
57 DAA
TranXit 2.0 fb. 2.0 ozs.
57 DAA
Effect of TranXit on Tifway green-up.
Poa annua control (%)
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
*
*
*
20
10
0
22 DAA
Tranxit 2 oz
Tranxit fb Tranxit 4 oz
30 DAA
Tranxit 4 oz
UTC
37 DAA
47 DAA
Tranxit fb Tranxit 2 oz
Manor, Blade
 Metsulfuron 60 DF
 Excellent option for ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass and
broadleaf control in warm-season turfgrasses, especially
St. Augustinegrass
 Do not use on bahiagrass
 Low rate - < 1.0 oz. product/acre
 Use only 0.25 to 0.5 oz/acre on centipede
 Use with nonionic surfactant
Corsair - Riverdale
Chlorsulfuron 75%
Used primarily for spot control of clumpy tall
fescue in bermuda, zoysia, centipede, St.
Augustine, Ky. Bluegrass – works slowly
Avoid transition applications on centipede,
zoysia, St. Augustine
Repeat application in 60 d
Add NIS at ¼ to 1/3 fl. oz./gallon of spray mix
Revolver – Bayer Environ. Sciences
Foramsulfuron - 0.19SC, POST
First liquid sulfonylurea, no NIS required
4.4 to 26.2 fl. ozs. product/acre (use high rate for
centipede suppression and goosegrass)
t-1/2 in soil is 1 to 12 days
Chemically degraded, more rapid under alkaline
or acid conditions
Revolver
 Poa control before overseeding (includes greens)
[2 WBS]
 DNAs, Dimension, Kerb, Rubigan, TranXit
 Poa control in non-overseeded bermuda and ‘Meyer’
zoysia
 Triazines, Kerb, Diquat
 Spring transition aid in overseeded bermuda
 Manor, TranXit, Monument, Kerb, Embark
Weeds Controlled by Revolver
 annual bluegrass
 ryegrass spp.
 little barley
 tall fescue
 rough bluegrass
 bentgrass
 henbit
 goosegrass
Goosegrass Control - Griffin
 ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass, 0.75 in. ht.
 Irrigated site
 25 gpa
 Revolver: 17.4, 26.2 fl. ozs./ac
 MSMA + Sencor: 2.7 pts. + 2.7 ozs./ac
 Illoxan: 1.4 qts./ac
 Applied 6-12 and 6-19, 2002
 2 to 3 tiller goosegrass
Goosegrass control with Revolver. 2002.
Percent
Revolver 17.2
Revolver 26.2
Illoxan
MSMA + Sencor
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Injury 4
Goosegrass 6
Weeks
Goosegrass 11
Monument– Syngenta
Trifloxysulfuron-sodium 75 WDG, POST
0.1 to 0.56 ozs. product/acre
t-1/2 in soil is 5 to 15 days
Chemically degraded, more rapid under alkaline
or acid conditions
Add NIS at 0.25% v/v
Monument
 Poa control in non-overseeded bermuda and zoysia
Triazines, Kerb, Diquat, Revolver, TranXit
 Spring transition aid in overseeded bermuda
Manor, TranXit, Monument, Kerb, Embark,
Revolver
 Broadleaf weed and sedge control (winter and summer)
 NON-RESIDENTIAL USE ONLY
Weeds Controlled by Monument
 annual bluegrass
 ryegrass spp.
 little barley
 rough bluegrass
 torpedograss
 tall fescue
 henbit
 dichondra
 Va. Buttonweed
 nutsedge (yellow and
purple)
 green kyllinga
 carpetweed
 spotted spurge
Monument Transition Project - 2001
 GA Station
 Perennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’
 ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass
 0.75 in. clip height
 2 appl. – 5/16 and 6/14
 25 gpa
 0.25% v/v NIS with all herbicides except Kerb
Monument – One Appl. (5/16/01)
10
Quality
8
6
4
2
0
Monument
0.1 oz.
Monument
0.3 oz
TranXit 4.0
8d
36 d
Kerb - 1.5
45 d
UTC
Monument – Two Appl. (5/16 + 6/14/01)
10
Quality
8
6
4
2
0
Monument
0.1 oz
Monument
0.3 oz
7 d-B
TranXit 2
15 d-B
30 d-B
UTC
MONUMENT – One Appl. (5/16/01)
CYNDA
LOLPE
100
Density
80
60
40
20
0
15 d
36
44
MON 0.1
15
36
44
MON 0.3
15
36
Kerb 1.5
44
15
36
UTC
44
Monument – Two Appl. (5/16 + 6/14/01)
CYNDA
LOLPE
100
Density
80
60
40
20
0
7 dB
15
30
MON 0.1
7
15
30
MON 0.3
7
15
30
TranXit 2
7
15
UTC
30
Velocity
 bispyribac-sodium
 Use rates – 1.3 to 2.6 oz.product/ac
 inhibits ALS, no synthesis of branched chain amino
acids
 not a sulfonylurea, but slow acting
 root and shoot absorbed, ½ life < 10 d
 Post control of Poa annua in overseeded
bermudagrass
Velocity Projects - 2002
GA Station
Perennial ryegrass – ‘Sunrise Primo’
‘Tifway’ bermudagrass
0.625 in. clip height
Irrigated site
Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury
26 d
40 d
48 d
Ryegrass Injury
40
30
20
10
0
Velocity 0.7 oz.
Velocity 1.4 oz.
Velocity 2.8 oz
Applied 4 wks after seeding, 3-lf ryegrass
Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control
Annual Bluegrass Control
27-Mar
7-May
100
80
60
40
20
0
Velocity 0.7 oz.
Velocity 1.4 oz.
Velocity 2.8 oz
Applied 4 wks after seeding, Oct. 23, 2001
Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury
5 wks
7 wks
Ryegrass Injury
20
15
10
5
0
Velocity 0.7 oz.
Velocity 1.4 oz.
Applied 18 wks after seeding, Feb. 8, 2002
Velocity 2.8 oz
Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control
Annual Bluegrass Control
Velocity 0.7 oz.
Velocity 1.4 oz.
Velocity 2.8 oz
100
80
60
40
20
0
7 WAT
8 WAT
11 WAT
Applied 18 wks after seeding, Feb. 8, 2002
12 WAT
Velocity– Perennial Ryegrass Injury
10 DAT
20 DAT
30 DAT
50 DAT
Ryegrass Injury
20
15
10
5
0
Velocity 1.4 oz.
Velocity 1.4 fb 1.4 oz.
Applied 17 and 20 wks after seeding, Mar. 7 & Apr. 1, 2002
Velocity– Annual Bluegrass Control
Annual Bluegrass Control
Velocity 1.4 oz.
Velocity 1.4 fb 1.4 oz.
100
80
60
40
20
0
20 DA-A
30 DA-A
50 DA-A
60 DA-A
Applied 17 and 20 wks after seeding, Mar. 7 & Apr. 1, 2002
Velocity, 1.3 fb 1.3 oz/ac
2/18 + 3/03
3/03 + 3/21
Turf17-03: Photo April 9, 2003, NIS left, MSO right
Other SU Herbicides in Development
 Flazasulfuron (Katana) -ISK BioSciences
 Sulfonylurea
 Sulfosulfuron (Battalion) – Monsanto
 Sulfonylurea
Flazasulfuron (Katana) -ISK BioSciences
 Bermuda, zoysia, centipede
 St. Augustine and cool-seasons not tolerant
 Spring transition aid, seedling crabgrass
(<4-lf), nutsedge and kyllinga, numerous broadleaf
weeds
Sulfosulfuron (Battalion)- Monsanto
 Bermuda (most tolerant), St. Augustine,
centipede, zoysia
 Cool-season tolerance is low and highly rate
dependent
 Spring transition aid, nutsedges, kyllinga
Fate of Herbicides Applied to Turf
 Water solubility - the extent to which a pesticide will
dissolve in water
 Sorption by clay colloids and organic matter
 Adsorption - binding of a herbicide to the surface of a soil
particle .
 Absorption - Penetrates into plant tissue
 Microbial degradation - influenced by herbicide
concentration, temperature, moisture, pH, oxygen,
microbial population
Fate of Herbicides Applied to Turf
Chemical degradation and photodecomposition
Hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, and
photodecomposition under field conditions
Volatilization and evaporation - Loss due to an
increase in temperature, vapor pressure, and
wind movement.
Plant uptake and metabolism - roots, shoots,
leaves
Water Movement
Surface runoff
Leaching
Capillary action
Factors That Affect Leaching
Increase
Decrease
Coarse soils
Fine Soils
Low O.M.
High O.M.
Water soluble
Water insoluble
Non-binding
Readily bind
High rainfall
Normal rainfall
Mobility of Postemergence Herbicides in Soil
(not conducted on turf)
None to
slight
Diquat
Glyphosate
MSMA
Low
Bromoxynil
Fenoxaprop
Sethoxydim
Fluazifop
Rimsulfuron
Foramsulfuron
Moderate
Imazaquin
Halosulfuron
Chlorsulfuron
Metsulfuron
Trifloxysulfuron
High
MCPP
2,4-D
Dicamba
Bentazon
Triclopyr
Clopyralid
Glufosinate
Herbicide ½ Life
Amount of time it takes a herbicide
to reach one-half (t-1/2) of the originally
applied concentration. Expressed in days, wks,
months, yrs.
1.0 lb. Ai/acre
0.5 lb. Ai/acre
Postemergence Herbicides – Avg. t-1/2
Herbicide
Halosulfuron
Trifloxysulfuron
Rimsulfuron
Foramsulfuron
Bisyribac
Soil Persistence
t-1/2
4 - 34 d
5 – 15 d
2 – 10 d
2 – 13 d
< 10 d
SU Herbicide Lateral Movement
Griffin, GA
Lateral runoff facility
5% uniform slope
Wobbler irrigation heads
1.25 inches per hour
Tifway bermudagrass
0.5 inch clip height
SU Herbicide Lateral Movement
Plots 25 ft. long
Lower 10 ft. fall-seeded with perennial ryegrass
Upper 15 ft. not overseeded
Late January, applied to dormant bermuda
Monument at 0.33 and 0.56 oz./acre
Manor at 0.5 oz./acre
TranXit at 2.0 oz./acre
Kerb at 2.0 lbs./acre
SU Herbicide Lateral Movement
Before application
Applied 2.5 inches irrigation (2 hrs), 37% saturation
Waited ~ 1hr, until foliage dried
Applied herbicides
Waited ~ 1hr, until foliage dried
Applied 2.5 inches irrigation (2 hrs)
Applied 0.5 inch irrigation water 24 HAT
SU Herbicide Lateral Movement
WHAT HAPPENED??
Kerb – moved 8 ft. (76% injury)
Monument 0.33 oz. – 0.7 ft (3%)
Monument 0.56 oz. – 3 ft. (14%)
Manor 0.5 oz. – 0.7 ft. (1)
TranXit 2.0 oz – 0.6 ft. (1)
NOTE: No significant injury occurred until 48
DAT
Can SU Herbicides Move?
Yes, if:
Surface film of water present at application
Irrigation or rainfall immediately after application
Not watering after foliage has dried
Dew re-suspends and can cause tracking (prevent by
watering in)
Improperly adjusted irrigation heads
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A pretty d--- good web page for turfgrasses!!