Transcript Document

Product Innovation
Product Innovation
Do you know what this is?
Product Innovation
• It’s not easy being green
- sustainability.
Product Innovation
We will…
• Recognise the urgent need for sustainably design products;
the development and adoption of green technology solutions
• Learn some key environmental concepts
• Learn about “Product innovation in the multiple retail
environment – design for a sustainable future?” – using a
case study on M&S packaging
Product Innovation
We will…
• Apply analytical and creative problem solving skills to “An
Environmental Dilemma?”
• Develop an overview of the wide range of graduate
opportunities available.
• Develop an awareness of the variety of environment-related
course options available in higher education.
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An Increasingly Fragile Earth!
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A Rapidly Changing World
• CYCLONE AND HURRICANE INTENSITY
– NEW ORLEANS
• TORNADOS
• ANIMAL SPECIES EXTINCTION RISK
• DROUGHTS
– IN DEVELOPING WORLD
– REST OF THE WORLD
• FLOODING
• POLLUTION ACROSS THE WORLD
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UK 2007: Floods and tornados – wettest June since records
began in 1766
Front page of “The Independent” 23/7/07
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Scientists have calculated that volcanoes emit between 145-255
million tons of CO2 into the atmosphere every year
(Gerlach, 1999, 1991).
Product Innovation
CO2 and Climate Change
• Emissions of CO2 by human activities, amount to about 30
billion tons (Marland, et al., 2006)
• Human activities release more than 130 times the amount of
CO2 emitted by volcanoes (Gerlach et. al., 2002)
• Although there are many environmental issues (e.g. ozone
depletion and acid rain), global warming/climate change is the
no.1 threat.
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Global Water Availability
SOURCE: WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM
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Global Population Growth
Source: World Economic Forum
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An Ageing World Population –
important implications for design of products and services
SOURCE: UN
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What is “sustainable development”?
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Rio 1992, Johannesburg 2002….
• Definition of Sustainable Development:
“Meeting the needs of the present generation without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs”.
Brundtland Commission
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Rio 1992, Johannesburg 2002….
Sustainable development & growth – 3 elements:
• economically
• ecologically
• socially
A challenge is to break the relation between economic growth
and increased waste
• Social responsibility
• Global trade
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Sustainability ”in simple terms”
Sustainable
Resource
supply
Sustainable
processes
Sustainable recovery
Sustainable
demand
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Sustainable Solutions
Malavalli Power Plant, India
• Crop residues (cane trash/coconut fronds) and
other biomass fuels for the generation of
electricity.
• Renewable energy displaces fossil fuels,
reducing emissions by 20,000 tonnes per year
• Creates 650 direct jobs, collecting biomass,
operating the power plant
• Contributes approximately $1m. to the rural
economy, creating value for previously
worthless crop residues
• Waste from the power plant is an organic
fertiliser
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Or……a nuclear future?
Or……a nuclear future?
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Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
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What is Ethical Consumerism?
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What is Ethical Consumerism?
Any occasion that the choice of personal consumption
has been influenced by a particular ethical issue
e.g. Environmental, human rights, animal welfare
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Modern retailing has become a global trade involving a high
carbon footprint
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Carbon Footprint
The carbon footprint is a measure of the amount of carbon
dioxide emitted through the combustion of fossil fuels; in the
case of an organization or enterprise, as part of their everyday
operations or a product, in reaching market.
A carbon footprint is often expressed as tons of
carbon dioxide emitted, usually on an annual basis.
Source: Wikipedia
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Retailers and Sustainability
1. A tool for competitive advantage?
2. A cost saving exercise?
3. A genuine, environmentally beneficial
response?
“ The customer may be king, but the retailer
holds the keys to the kingdom”
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Carbon Labelling
• In early 2007, Tesco, the UK's
biggest retailer, promised to put
carbon labels on its 70,000
products.
• Tesco, B&Q, Marks & Spencer
and BT will work with green
experts and academics to
decide how to measure
• emissions in the "whole life
cycle" of a product from its
manufacture to packaging,
distribution and disposal.
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Consumers: Packaging and
Sustainability
3 common perceptions about
packaging:
1.There’s too much of it
2.It wastes our resources
3.We have a problem getting rid of it
– Activity (1 minute):
– Write down 2 positive points about
packaging
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50% of household
waste from retail
75% of UK Household
Waste (29.1 million tons)
goes to landfill
Packaging waste:
4.6 million tonnes
70% of £9 billion UK
packaging market
used on grocery
products
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Is the media focus on packaging over-egged?
• The UK throws away 1/3rd of all food purchased (WRAP
2006)
• 1/5th of domestic waste is food
• Avoidable food waste has eight times the environmental
impact of packaging
• 75% of consumers surveyed agreed that ‘discarded food
packaging is a greater environmental issue than food thrown
away’
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Case Study: M&S Packaging initiatives
r-PET drinks bottles containing c.30%
post consumer recycled PET
r-PET trays containing c.50% post
consumer recycled PET
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Case Study: M&S Packaging initiatives
Easy open/use FSC
approved carton board tray
with compostable boplastic
film (Polylactic Acid or PLA)
derived from corn starch
Clear labelling -
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Activity
Buying a drink: An Environmental Dilemma?
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Figure 1: Transformation from source to use
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Table 1 Typical energy costs of common materials (MJKg-1)
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Figure 2: Waste Management Cycle
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Figure 3: The Waste Hierarchy
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Material Feature
Raw materials
Energy cost of manufacture (MJ/kg)
Energy cost of container manufacture
(MJ/container): refer pack wts. in Q.3
Predict level of distribution costs
relative to aluminium
List likely disposal option(s) and
summarise key issues/ considerations.
List any other considerations you may
have regarding environmental impacts in
manufacture and distribution. Also,
consider the level of market demand for
recycling the packaging waste.
Aluminium
Glass
PET
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A World of Career Opportunity!
• Environmental management (industry-wide)
• Environmental Law
• Sustainable Product Design/Consultancy
• Environmental Engineering:
• e.g. water, renewable energy technologies
• Central (e.g. Defra, Environment Agency, DTi) and local government
(e.g. Recycling Managers)
• Waste Management Industry
• Research and Trade Organisations (e.g. WRAP)
• Ethical Auditing e.g. financial investment services & banks
• Utility suppliers: electricity and water
• Construction/civil engineering
• Transportation industry
• Environmental pressure groups
• …etc
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• Environment-related courses:
www.ucas.co.uk
• Impressive range of courses available! – refer to handout
UCAS Listing
Product Innovation
We have……
• Recognised the urgent need for more sustainably designed
products & services; and green technologies
• Learnt some key environmental concepts.
• Learnt about recent product innovation and design in the
multiple retail environment
Product Innovation
We have…
• Applied analytical and creative problem solving skills to an
“environmental dilemma”.
• Developed an overview of the wide range of graduate career
opportunities available.
• Developed an awareness of the wide variety of course options
available in higher education.
Product Innovation
End Global Warming…
…by consuming differently and consuming less