Transcript PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT - Michigan Ross | University of

STUDENT TO STUDENT LEARNING
Effectively Using PPT for
Presentations and Case Analysis
29 September 2003
Agenda
 Why Use PPT
 Presentation Design
 Importance of Standards
 Be Innovative
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WHY USE PPT?
Paper presentations combine the best of written reports and on screen
presentations
Reports
Lots of words and
detail
Little use of visual
images
Linear structure
Paper Presentation
Mix of words and visual
images
Allows innovative use of
text and visuals to convey
idea
Supports variety of
structure
On Screen Presentation
Few words with
summary phrases
Large use of visual
images
Variety of
structures
Powerpoint can be used as a blank canvas to develop the best method for communicating
your ideas. PPT also allows you to blank slide your answer to check logic
WHY USE PPT?
Blank sliding helps direct analysis and focuses the development of your
presentation
Case Situation
Issues and
Questions
Cases supplied
by lecturer
Discussion
Questions

The blank slide
lists the
hypotheses and
structure of
how you plan to
answer the
questions
Presentation
Analysis
Review the data
and numbers to
prove or
disprove your
analysis
Summarize the
results of your
analysis into a
form to
communicate to
others and
yourself
This lays out the organization and individual messages in bullet point format
Analytical blank slide pack

Read the case,
taking notes of
important
factors with the
discussion
questions in
mind
Blank
Sliding
Text document

Research
&
Data Gathering
Shows what data is necessary to derive the answer to a question
A full scale pack, generally with tags
-
The structure, message, and method of supporting the message with facts is
laid out
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Agenda
 Why Use PPT
 Presentation Design
 Importance of Standards
 Be Innovative
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PRESENTATION DESIGN
There are several variables that need careful consideration
 Structure
-
Key Elements of a Presentation
Think about it early
Make it the arbiter of content
Make every slide reinforce the structure
Content
 Simplicity/clarity
Design
-
Simple is good (it's easier to
communicate)
-
Its easier to go into greater detail than to
de-confuse into greater simplicity
 Brevity
Delivery
-
If the situation demands it, brief is good
(it's easier to communicate)
-
Shorter means easier to control (in logic,
in communication and in preparation)
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PRESENTATION DESIGN
There are several approaches to presentation design
Alternative
presentational
designs
Data first
Answer first
"Pyramid Structure*"
Storyline
Note: * developed by Barbara Minto (McKinsey)
Chart
descriptions
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PRESENTATION DESIGN
Pyramid structures follow a logical flow which is often in line with an “issue
driven” workplan

The overall problem is broken down
into component parts
-
divided into intellectually
manageable pieces
-
responsibilities are easily
allocated to individuals

The parts should be mutually exclusive
(i.e., no overlaps, no gaps) to avoid
confusion in the logic

Solving the parts should solve the
overall problem

As the case progresses the problem or
issue statements can, and should be,
replaced by hypotheses and ultimately
recommendations and justifications
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PRESENTATION DESIGN
In fact, there are two fundamental types of pyramid structure
Argument Structure
G
r
o
u
p
i
n
g
S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
Y
o
u
You
s
h
o
u
l
d
should
c
h
a
n
g
e
change
Why?
H
o
w
?
(
R
e
c
o
m
m
D
o
A
e
n
d
a
t
i
o
n
s
)
D
o
B
D
o
C
Here's
Here's
Here's
your
the
how to
problem
cause
fix it
How?
W
h
y
?
A
(Facts/findings)
(
F
a
c
t
s
/
f
i
n
d
i
n
g
s
)
B
C
(Recommendations)
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PRESENTATION DESIGN
The “data first” approach is also often used
Demand
Supply
Company Impact
Summary /
Answer
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PRESENTATION DESIGN
For example, a simple “data first” presentation structure could be ...
Rapid growth in
demand in the
new sector is
being driven by
deregulation
Existing
competitors
are making
attractive
returns
Company can
overcome
barriers to
entry
New market is
attractive and company
has sufficient
capabilities to ensure
profitable entry
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Agenda
 Why Use PPT
 Presentation Design
 Importance of Standards
 Be Innovative
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IMPORTANCE OF STANDARDS
Microsoft’s PPT standards are more aligned to visual rather than written
presentations hence it is necessary to customise some slides for your purposes

Charts


-
Choose your color standards carefully
-
Be CONSISTENT
Think about three groups of two colors, each with a main dark color and lighter alternative.
However all colors should fit with each other
Visuals and Boxes
Make sure boxes with a similar purpose are the same size and shape
Ensure clip to grid is ON
Tables

MS charts often look flimsy and unweighted, strengthen lines and match
Colours

Colours in charts need to be consistent in usage
Decide if you are going to do boxes in ppt or paste in a word table
Word tables are easier but harder to make look “right”
Quotes
-
Put in “XXX” and reference the line below
IMPORTANCE OF STANDARDS
Other tips on the use of Colour
 Although the colours should be selected to go with each other,
presentations look better if the number of different colours on most pages
is kept to two or three
-
alternatively use different shades of the same colour, for example in a
stacked bar
 Large areas of the mustard colour are not advised
 The following are suggestions. Use sparingly, and bare in mind the
aesthetic tastes of the manager / consultant
-
Large areas of colour can be made more interesting using a two-tone
shade that fades from one colour to another e.g.
 If companies, countries, products, or people appear on several pages in the
same presentation it is a good idea to adopt a colour code whereby the
same colour always represents the same party
-
this is particularly important where there are two graphs on a page
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IMPORTANCE OF STANDARDS
All slides are based around a simple premise
W HY USE PPT?
Key Idea
P a p e r p re s e n ta tio n s c o m b in e th e b e s t o f w ritte n re p o rts a n d o n s c re e n
p re s e n ta tio n s
P a p e r P re s e n ta tio n
R e p o r ts
L o ts o f w o rd s a n d
d e ta il
Supporting
Data
L ittle u s e o f vis u a l
im a g e s
M ix o f w o rd s a n d vis u a l
im a g e s
A llo w s in n o v a tiv e u s e o f
te x t a n d vis u a ls to c o n ve y
id e a
L in e a r s tru c tu re
S u p p o rts v a rie ty o f
s tru c tu re
O n S c re e n P r e s e n ta tio n
F e w w o rd s w ith
s u m m a ry p h ra s e s
L a rg e u s e o f vis u a l
im a g e s
V a rie ty o f
s tru c tu re s
P o w e rp o in t c a n b e u s e d a s a b la n k c a n va s to d e v e lo p th e b e s t m e th o d fo r c o m m u n ic a tin g
yo u r id e a s . P P T a ls o a llo w s yo u to b la n k s lid e yo u r a n s w e r to c h e c k lo g ic
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IMPORTANCE OF STANDARDS
Even ones from McKinsey
L A N 0 20 5 1 09 8 9 - 26 5 2 8 -Z X I
Key Idea
G R O U P IN S U R A N C E M A R K E T C O U L D B E C O M E L E S S S T A B L E A S A
RESULT
D e m o g r a p h ic a n d u tiliza tio n
changes
In c re a s e d a ttr a c tiv e n e s s
o f in d ivid u a l in s u ra n c e
m a rk e t r e la tiv e to g r o u p
m a rk e t
• 4 0 -5 9 ye a r o ld c o h o rt a c c o u n ts fo r
m a jo rity o f e m p lo ye r c o s ts
• Y o u n g e r e m p lo ye e (2 0 -3 9 ye a r o ld )
Supporting
Data
P o te n tia l
in s ta b ility
of group
m a rk e t
m e d ic a l c o s ts h a v e b e c o m e
s ig n ific a n tly le s s (2 5 -3 5 % ) th a n
g ro u p c o s ts
C h a n g e s in in d iv id u a l in s u r a n c e
m a rk e t
• S p re a d b e tw e e n in d iv id u a l a n d
•
G ro u p s le ft w ith
h ig h e r c o s t
e m p lo ye e s
M ig ra tio n o f
yo u n g e r
e m p lo ye e s to
in d iv id u a l m a r k e t
g ro u p a d m in is tra tiv e c o s ts h a s
n a rro w e d fr o m 3 0 to 1 5 p e rc e n t o f
p re m iu m o v e r p a s t 1 0 ye a rs
R e g u la to r y c h a n g e s m a y m a k e
in d iv id u a l m a r k e t m o re a ttra c tive
17
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IMPORTANCE OF STANDARDS
Or BCG
Key Idea
P E R F O R M A N C E D R IV E N B Y M AN Y F A C T O R S
S im p lified V a lu e D rive r F ra m ew o rk
N u m b er o f
cu sto m ers
(n ew an d rep eat)
# o f u n iq u e
visito rs
B u yers/u n iq u e
visito rs
T ran sactio n al
reven u e
R even u e/
cu sto m er
(n ew an d rep eat)
R even u e
Supporting
Data
S u p p lem en tal
reven u e
O p eratin g
p ro fit
V isits/b u yer
O rd ers/b u yer
O rd ers/visit
R even u e/o rd er
C o sts o f
g o o d s so ld
A cq u isitio n co st/cu sto m er
R eten tio n co st/cu sto m er
C o st/cu sto m er
co n tact
O p eratin g
co sts
C u sto m er service co st/o rd er
C u sto m er co n tacts/
o rd er
O rd er fu lfillm en t co st/o rd er
S ite d evelo p m en t
an d m ain ten an ce
S ource: T he B oston C onsulting G roup
E C M -1 2 5 3 2 -0 0 -R e ta il C o u n c il-1 9 J u n 0 0 -TO R -g c -c j
C o pyr ig ht © 2 0 0 0 , T he B o sto n C o n su lting G rou p , I nc., R etail C o u n cil o f C anada, A ll R igh ts R eserv ed .
-11 -
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IMPORTANCE OF STANDARDS
At an advanced level your template may involve a few other components
P R E S E N T A T IO N D E S IG N
T h e re a re s e v e ra l a p p ro a c h e s to p re s e n ta tio n d e s ig n
Page Header that Links to Agenda Item
A lte rn a tive
p re se n ta tio n a l
d e sig n s
D a ta first
A n sw e r first
"P yra m id S tru c tu re *"
S to rylin e
C h a rt
d e sc rip tio n s
Notes and Sources
File Path
N o te: * d evelo p ed b y B arb ara M in to (M cK in sey)
J :\P D \P R E S E N T AT IO N S K IL L S \B L A N K S L ID IN G .P P T
7
Organizational Logo
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IMPORTANCE OF STANDARDS
A template system only needs a few slides to be effective
Core Slides in Your Template
Additional Slides in Your Template
 Title slide, course, case, date
 Two text boxes
 Agenda slide
 Table
 Word slide
 One page chart
 Chart and words
 Two charts
 Title only blank slide
-
Boxes
Word paste
 Organisational chart
IMPORTANCE OF STANDARDS
Some personal biases in presentations
 Clip art….
 Points flying in from all angle and other fancy tricks to reveal material
 Inappropriate or borderline useful supporting visuals
 Dark backgrounds for a presentation that is meant to be printed
 Not resizing from onscreen show to letter
Agenda
 Why Use PPT
 Presentation Design
 Importance of Standards
 Be Innovative
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INNOVATION
Again in some situations it is useful to think about the slide as a blank canvas
with which to convey your ideas and knowledge
 In some situations creating an entirely new slide concept can be the best way to
convey a complex idea or interaction
 Do not be limited by the boundaries of your template set
PRINCIPLES
A more creative approach may sometimes be appropriate
Ice-Skating
Youth £13
Corporate £11
Cinema
Family £9
Bingo
Youth £12
Youth £13
Group £12
Group £13
Family £7
Bowling
Family £13
Youth £24
Corporate £22
Go-Karting
Family £15
Youth £42
Youth £37*
Corporate £42
Family £23
Greyhound
Racing
Afternoon
Racing
Corporate £62*
Family £43*
Youth £43*
Corporate £65*
Family £38*
Note:
Source :
Activity venues in the South London area. Prices include entry, food drink and amusements where appropriate.
* denotes
cost including betting - see appendix for quoted average betting losses
LEK Interviews (London centres) and Estimates
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INTERNATIONAL
Whilst initially seeming ad-hoc, Dominos expansion strategy has focussed on
logical step by step progression along three fronts, Europe, South America and
Asia Pacific
Poland - 93
UK - 85
Canada - 83
France - 89
Japan - 84
Germany - 87
China - 94
USA
Spain - 92
Taiwan - 87
Mexico - 89
Central America - 86
Saudi - 92
Brazil - 92
Australia - 83
Ecuador - 95
NZ - 96
Source:
Text – Page 8
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COMPETITIVE POSITION
Once Sky was unveiled as a viable threat BSB could have considered a range of
competitive responses
Content
Move
aggressively to
secure
exclusive
premium
content
customers value
e.g. sports
Satellite
Getting to air
before Sky would
convey advantage.
BSB could:
(a)have dropped
DMAC for an
established
technology to
speed up
development
(b)Leased existing
capacity to get a
service to market
first
Additionally BSB
could have
updated their
technology to
allow product
features Sky could
not match
Subscri
ber
Distribut
ion
Manage
ment
Ensured a large
number of
dish’s
scramblers were
available to
effectively
utilize upfront
advertising
Could have cut
down the price
of the dishes to
beat Sky in
price (199 vs
250) especially
since they went
on air during
deepening
recession
Adverti
sing
Not responded
to negative
advertising
campaign as
resulting
customer
confusion hurt
sales for both
parties
Corporat
e
Operation
s
Achieved
financing
sooner to avoid
operational
bottlenecks
Replaced or
complemented
existing
management
with stronger
backgrounds
within TV
market
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Agenda
 Why Use PPT
 Presentation Design
 Importance of Standards
 Be Innovative
 PPT and CSIB
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CSIB502
Using ppt as the basis for your CSIB and MKT exams requires a detailed
understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of the you and the medium
PROS
CONS
 Quick development of concise
messages
 Need to be proficient to utilise
speed
 Varied and innovative format
for communicating ideas
 Need some background in
thinking and presenting this
way
 Can preset templates for
obvious questions
 Templates need to be set up in
advance
 May focus more on ppt than on
communication and the answer
 May be overly brief in
answering
Think carefully about your strategy well in advance and plan accordingly