Transcript Sample Registration System in India – An Overview.

Prince Mahidol Award Conference, Bangkok, 27-30 Jan, 2010
Sample Registration System in
India – An Overview.
Prasanta Mahapatra,
Institute of Health Systems, Hyderabad, India
Sources of vital statistics in India and their usability.
Source &
Periodicity
Estimated
Parameters
Small area estimates
Usability
SRS
Fertility &
Mortality
Indicators
State level est. for big
states, recently, intra
state regions .
Representative sample,
Regular reports, Reliable.
Census 10 Years
Pop. count by
age sex, area,
IMR & Child
Mortality
Population count
down to village level,
Mortality: District
level.
Reliable & valid pop. Data
in ab. 2 years. Ab 8 yr lag
for indirect est. of Fert. &
Mort.
CRS
An,
1958
Fertility &
Mortality
Indicators
District level and large Death reg <50%, Wide
cities with 10000 pop. interstate variation. Av
time to publication 45
months until 1994, no
reports since then.
NFHS
6 Years
I:92-93,
II:98-99,
III:05-06
Fertility & IMR State level estimates
(Indirect
Estimates)
Annual,
Since
1970
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Indirect estimates. Quick
est available within a year.
Small sample size.
2
SRS Sample Units
Replacement
Period
1969-70
1977-78
1983-85
1993-95
2004
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Rural
Urban
Total
2432
3684
4176
4436
4433
1290
1738
1846
2235
3164
3722
5422
6022
6671
7597
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Statistics available from SRS
Information Statistics
Availability & Location
Population
Distribution
Pop by 5Y age sex groups, 0-4 to 70+
until 1994 and to 85+ since 1995
Table-1 in all annual reports
from 1970.
Fertility
Population by marital status
From 1992 as Table-2
Age sp. & marital fertility rates
Table-3 since 93. Earlier T2-4
Age sp. fertility rates by education
From 1996 as Table-4
Birth-order & birth-interval wise
distribution of births
From 1990, Tables 4,5&6 until
95. Later Tables 5,6&7
Mortality
Access to
Medical
Care
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Age Sp. Death Rates by 0, 1-4, and 5Y Table-8 since 1996.
age groups from 5-9 upto 70+ 0r 85+ Earlier Table 4, 5 or 7
Mortality indicators: Crude Death
Rate, Child Mortality, IMR etc.
Table-9 since 1996.
Earlier 3, 4, 5, 8 or 9.
% distribution of deaths by age.
Since 1997, Table-10
Medical attention at birth
Statements (St) 25, 30, 31, 34,
35, 38, 39 or 40.
Medical attention at death
St 42,44,47,48,51,53, or 55-57.
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Evaluations of SRS in India
Dates
Study Design
Findings
Ref.
19701975
Indirect estimate
(Brass 1975)
6% under reporting of adult deaths
RGI, 1982
19711976
Indirect est. (Brass
1975; Preston & Coale
1980)
10% under reporting of deaths.
Insignificant interstate variations.
Excluded Bihar & West bengal for poor
data quality.
Bhat et al.
1984
1978
Indirect est. (P/F ratios, 6% under reporting of births. State
UN 1983, Ch-II)
underestimates in 1978 ranged from
<1% (Guj) to >17% (KA)
RGI 1984,
Swamy et al.
1992
19801981
Intensive inquiry of
10% subsample
3% under estimation of birth and death
rates. State underestimates around 1%
(Guj, Har, MP) to 11% (KA)
Grover 1988;
Swamy et al.
1992.
19851986
Intensive inquiry of
10% subsample
State underestimates, <1% (AP, BI, Guj,
KE, MP,, MH, OR, TN) to >3% (AS, WB)
Swamy et al.
1992.
…
…
…
…
19781992
Comparison of SRS
with NFHS fertility est.
At least 10% under registration of births. Narasimhan
et al. 1997
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Completeness of death registration by the
Indian SRS from 1990-2007.
Year
AP
MH
OR
UP
India
1990
0.67
0.68
0.83
0.79
0.77
1992
0.71
0.82
0.88
0.90
0.99
1994
0.90
0.87
0.93
0.96
0.91
1996
0.80
0.85
0.88
0.85
0.89
1998
0.82
0.83
0.97
0.99
0.93
2000
0.80
0.77
0.91
0.94
0.78
2002
0.76
0.80
0.84
0.93
0.81
2004
0.67
0.67
0.89
0.90
0.83
2006
0.70
0.75
0.84
0.92
0.78
2007
0.58
0.72
0.89
1.05
0.82
=>90% : 5 (1992, 94,95,98,03) out of 18 years
<80%: 6 (1990, 91, 99, 00,05, 06) out of 18 years
Interstate variations: <80% for 13 yrs in AP & 11 yrs in MH
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Overall quality and usefulness of the
Indian SRS
•
•
•
•
•
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Accuracy
Relevance
Comparability
Timeliness
Accessibility
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Overall Accuracy of SRS Data
Coverage:
Covers about 0.6% of India’s population. However, its
representative character allows for estimation of vital
statistics for the country and major states.
Completeness:
Around 90% registration of events upto 1980s.
Interstate differences narrowed down by mid 1980s.
Completeness appears to have worsened during the
1990s and after. Interstate differences in
completeness appears to have widened also.
Missing data:
Generally believed to be low, but no information
about missing data. Annual report should include a
table showing the number of births and deaths for
which age or sex information was not available and
how those events were treated through the
tabulation process. Also a table regarding timeliness
of monthly returns from the state level offices.
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Timeliness of SRS Annual Reports
Production
Time:
Median production time: 2 ½ Years
1970s: 6 ½ Years
1980s: 2½ Years
1990s: 2 Years
2000-07: 1 Year 10 Months
Regularity:
SD of Production Time: 32 Months
1980s: 05 Months
1990s: 02 Months
2000-07: 07 Months
Lumping of annual reports in a publication year:
Publication Year 2000: 1997, 1998
Publication Year 2004: 2001, 2002
Publication Year 2006: 2004, 2005
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Accessibility of SRS Publications & Data
Media:
Annual reports in print form only. Half yearly bulletins in
print; and pdf files through internet since April 1999
Metadata:
Annual report gives details of sampling, system of data
collection and definition of terms.
But population figures in statement A or 1 are not
available by sex.
From 1993, the population figures are rounded to
nearest 000, reducing scope for consistency checks and
indirect estimation of accuracy of SRS statistics.
User Service:
Sale counter at RGI’s head office delivers reports across
the counter and responds to requests over post.
Regional sale counters in state capital do not usually
stock all publications.
RGI library in Delhi does not have a reference set of all
SRS publications.
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Summary
• Overall the Indian SRS has been a reliable and
trusted source of fertility and mortality
statistics for India and its bigger states.
• But no evaluation of SRS after the 1980s.
• Some evidence to suggest deterioration in
completeness of registration, in some states.
• Need for in-house and indep. evaluations
• Scope to improve metadata and user services
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Comments, Questions…? and
THANK YOU.
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