Transcript FITUA expiriance

FITUA experience on the
mobility and migration
or Obstacles to them
Contribution to the Surveys
report
Under EFFAT Project VS/2008/0423
….Seasonal work in Agriculture
links to the migrant work
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Mobility in Europe – professional
development
Flexity and Security
…European Employment strategy/ “New
Skills for New Jobs”
…EERP – designed to limit the social
impact of the crisis
The process is lower than the objects set
The process of gaining information –
National workshops in Sofia –
February and July 2010
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Key partners at national level invited:
• TU – FNSZ, CITUB, Podkrepa
• Employers’ organization – BAF, small
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farmers, etc.
State autorities:
• EURES – National referent point
• Employment Agency
• Labour Inspectorat
• MTSP – DG Free Movement
• MAF – Dpt. Minister
The concept of Interwiew
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Working together on key questions:
Reaching a common point of
understanding on the important issue
To give an enfacis on the employment in
Agriculture in Bulgaria
Designing an efective network
Employment in Agriculture BG
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Very problematic after 1992
230 000 employees including:
• 40 000 tobacco producers
• 90 000 registred farmers
• Employeed under Labour contract
Agrostatistics (2007) sais – 950 000 (in
comparison to 1,3 mln in 2003)
Two aspects of mobility of BG
workers in agriculture – 6 countries
in EU
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The emigration has slightly decreased in
the last few years but still predominates
Out – of - country
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Spain – 147 890 p.
Greece – 50 – 70 000 p.
Germany – 65 000 p.
UK and Ireland – 20 000 p.
Intra – migration
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Promotion measures of mobility under National
Employment program (still week effect on mobility)
Some facts
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Bulgaria is the only EU country annual comparable statistics on
migration. Big volatility of the figures
• 618 500 BG longterm emigrants (2005) abroad
• 10 000 emigrants 2008 NSI
• Bulgarians working abroad – 18 700(2009) - 16 500 (2008)
• Bulgarian students – 20 000 (2007)
• EURES refers to Agri – 4 700 in Spain (2008), 5 050 in
Germany (2008 and 2009)
Level of Competencies in the free movement management (the
data provided by):
• GD Migration in MIAffaires, MLSP, MFA, MES, Ministry of
Justice
• Employment agency
• NA for Bulgarians abroad
• SA of Refugees
• NSI
• Bulgarian National Bank
• Vice-President
More facts about Bulgarian
emigration….
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The invasion of BG in the EU LM was a myth – The transition
measures (10 EU countries) still contribute to illegal migration
The number of legal working Bulgarians in EU countries
increases
Economic crisis and employment – low-priced jobs, doing two
jobs, but have it, over time work
4 main sectors of BG working migrants: hotels, cleaning,
building, agriculture
Female-migration – Case of “Bandante” in Italy, Greece
Family migration has increased – more integration, community,
fidelity and solidarity
Socio- and personal impact of migration
The money flow from BG emigrants to – >400 Mln BGN/Year =
comparable to, even higher than the financing, received by EU
funds per year
Access to rights and social
standarts
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Qualification and requalification – it is not for the BG
workers abroad
Finding job abroad – risks and negatives
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From friends, other Bulgarians (32,5%)
Temporary Agencies in Bulgaria – 8,8%
News paper, internet – 13,5%
Working and living conditions
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Labour contracts Salary – depends on the status but normally lower
37% do not report for any social benefits – no paid leave
Overtime work – 9 hours/d and 45 hors/week,
family separation
Social benefits and pension rights - vulnerable
TU – membership - no interest!, fear, violation
About temporary agencies…
reported by National Labour Inspection
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Risk of unfair employment
• The agency operates without any permission
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by the NEA
No contract with the employer given to the
employee
Tax collection from the jobseekers for the
cervices
The conditions in the contract do not respond
to the reality
Blackmailing and modern form of slavery
Some conclusions…
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More focus needed on social protection of the
migrant workers and seasonal workers
Access to rights – awareness rising and
information spreading –organizing workers
Transfer of rights to the national social
security systems – loss done by the illegal
employment
Health and safety at work
The role of control institutions is more required
Turning the emigrants back home – only if the
stable economic and social growth is seen.
Immigrate to Bulgaria
– why to do that?
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Bulgaria is shifting from sending country
to a receiving country – the trend is slow
but sustainable one.
Reasons:
• EU – membership 2007
• Economic growth and crisis – 2008/9
• Historical tendencies
• Demographic prospective
Foreigners in Bulgaria
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Permanent residents
foreigners in Bulgaria –
69 423 (1.01.2010, NSI)
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Russia, Ukraine,
Macedonia, Turkey,
Moldova
China, Syria, Vietnam,
Lebanon, others
“Global nomads”
Working permits – 1900
(2008) 1000 (2009)
Europe
EU-27
Asia
Slice 4
Bulgarian National Strategy on
Migration
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Two main objectives:
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Returning the workers from abroad Bulgaria
• Annual information campaigns in the Bulgarian
diasporas abroad – youth educated people etc. – no
data on the effect
Balancing the access to Bulgarian LM for third
countries citizens
• Bilateral agreements on regulated working migration –
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with Moldova, Macedonia, Ukraine and Armenia
National Council on work migration – consultative body
for branch quotas
Partnership on Mobility – with Moldova and Georgia
Forign workers in the Bulgarian
Labour market – skimpy information
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In 2008 – permission for
long-term and residence
is awarded to 23 934
foreigners
Working permits – is
applied by Turkish,
Macedonia, India,
Germans, Italians,
Russians
“Old” and “new” communities
Turkish
4 853
citizens
Macedoni 4 647
an
citizens
Russians 2 217
UK
citizens
Ukraine
1505
974
The biggest migrants
communities in Bulgaria
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Macedonians – ethnical self-perception, ruts and
relations, Bulgarian Passport
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New Youth – students
Vietnamese
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In 70-es – 15 000 workers in Bulgarian Economy
In 90-es – a lot of them come again to BG – small
entrepreneurship, employed workers (construction and
processing industry) – the salary in BG is 3 times higher than
in Vietnam
Risks with the way of employment (agencies)
The biggest migrants
communities in Bulgaria
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Russian community
15 595 (incl. Ukraine) –very well
integrated
• Import of workers from Ukraine – not very
significant success
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Arabian community – c.10 000 –
buisness oriented and well organized
and integrated into the society
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Some conclusions on migration…
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The employment of immigrants with a legal status is
higher than the average employment in the country
Tendency to do undeclared work with low quality job
(even under their qualification)
Significant part of them do not have any social benefits
Housing of immigrants is still a challenge
Linguistic barriers – obstacle for employment
Labour inspection reports – 5 sanctions (2010, for
accepting posted workers without Permit issued by the
EA)
Positive sites of migration – resource for the national
economy, cultural and linguistic diversity.