Transcript FAO Int’l fortal for biotech

CODEX/OIE Cooperation
Tom Heilandt
Senior Food Standards Officer
Food, glorious food
CODEX was established
• Protect the health of consumers
• Ensure fair practices in the food trade
• Coordinate all food standards work done by
IGOs and NGOs
• Establish and update the Codex Alimentarius
How we have grown …
• CAC1 -1963: 30 countries and 120 delegates
• CAC36 - 2013: 126 countries and 620
delegates
– 185 + 1 members
– 220 observers
• Covering most of the worlds population
(>99%)
C O D E X
A L I M E N T A R I U S
A RESULT
Standards,
guidelines and
codes of practice
A FORUM
Structure and process
for governments and
organizations to find
solutions and to
harmonize rules
C O D E X
A L I M E N T A R I U S
Not only standards …
- Standards: prescriptive, what should be
achieved: data; MRLs; commodities
- Guidelines: principles and guidance how
to do something (e.g. Risk Analysis)
- Codes of practice: advice or procedures
what to do to avoid an issue or minimise
the risk
Codex Alimentarius Commission
Secretariat
Executive Committee
Horizontal/ general Committees
General Principles
(France)
Food Labelling
(Canada)
Import and Export
Inspection and
Certification Systems
(Australia)
Residuos de
Medicamentos
Residues of Veterinary
Veterinarios
en los
Drugs in Foods
Alimentos
(United States)
(Estados Unidos)
Pesticide Residues
de Plaguicidas
Aditivos Alimentarios Residuos
Food Additives (China)
(China)
(China)
Contaminantes de los
Contaminants in Foods
Alimentos (Países
(Netherlands)
Bajos)
Methods of Analysis
and Sampling
(Hungary)
Higiene de los
Food Hygiene
Alimentos
(United States)
(Estados Unidos)
Vertical/commodity Committees
Ad-hoc intergovernmental task forces
active
active
Fish and Fishery Products Processed Fruits and
(Norway)
Vegetables (United States)
Fats and Oils
(Malaysia)
Fresh Fruits and
Vegetables (Mexico)
Sugars
(Colombia)
Spices and culinary herbs
(India) NEW
Natural Mineral Waters
(Switzerland)
Nutrition and Foods for
Special Dietary Uses
(Germany)
Milk and Milk Products
(New Zealand)
Fruit Juices (Brazil)
Foods derived from
Biotechnology (Japan)
Processing and Handling of
Quick Frozen Foods
Antimicrobial Resistance
(Thailand)
(Republic of Korea)
adjourned sine die
Cereals, Pulses and
Legumes (United States)
dissolved
Meat hygiene
(New Zealand)
Animal Feeding
(Switzerland)
Vegetable Proteins
(Canada)
Cocoa Products and
Chocolate (Switzerland)
FAO/WHO Coordinating Committees
Africa
(Cameroon)
Asia
(Japan)
Europe
(Netherlands) NEW
Latin America and the
Caribbean (Costa Rica)
North America and South
West Pacific (Papua New
Guinnee)
Near East (Lebanon)
Codex Alimentarius Commission
Secretariat
Executive Committee
Horizontal/ general Committees
General Principles
(France)
Vertical/commodity Committees
Ad-hoc intergovernmental task forces
active
active
Residuos de
Medicamentos
Residues of Veterinary
Veterinarios
en los
Drugs in Foods
Alimentos
(United States)
(Estados Unidos)
Higiene de los
Hygiene
Contaminants in Foods Food
Alimentos
(Netherlands)
(United States)
(Estados Unidos)
dissolved
Foods derived from
Biotechnology (Japan)
Antimicrobial Resistance
(Republic of Korea)
adjourned sine die
Meat hygiene
(New Zealand)
Milk and Milk Products
(New Zealand)
Animal Feeding
(Switzerland)
C O D E X
A L I M E N T A R I U S
IN 50 YEARS Codex has developed:
100s of commodity standards
1000s of maximum residue limits (pesticides,
veterinary drugs)
1000s of food additive provisions
douzens of codes to prevent or reduce
contamination
risk analysis guidance e.g. GM foods
HACCP
…
C O D E X
-
A L I M E N T A R I U S
Voluntary*
100% Member driven
Inclusive and transparent
Based on science
By consensus (usually)
C O D E X
A L I M E N T A R I U S
- Really voluntary?
- Yes, however a reference in the WTO SPS
agreement:
“for food safety, the standards, guidelines and
recommendations established by the Codex
Alimentarius Commission relating to food additives,
veterinary drug and pesticide residues,contaminants,
methods of analysis and sampling, and codes and
guidelines of hygienic practice (Annex A, 3ª)”
C O D E X
A L I M E N T A R I U S
PROCEDURAL FRAMEWORK
-
CAC Strategic Plan (2014-2019)
Procedures for the Elaboration
Criteria for the Establishment of Subsidiary Bodies
Criteria for the Establishment of Work Priorities.
Criteria Applicable to Commodities
Relations between Commodity Committees and General
Committees.
Format for Codex Commodity Standards.
Guidelines for the Inclusion of Specific Provisions in Codex
Standards and Related Texts
Committee
/Member
Discussion
paper
Project
document
Commission
(adoption)
FAO/WHO
Expert body
Committee or
Task Force
Scientific
advice
Executive Committee
(critical review)
S1
Proposed draft standard
S2
drafting
S3
consultation
S4
discussion/
drafting
Endorsement by general committees
S 5/5A
Draft standard
S6
consultation
S7
discussion/ drafting
S8
Hold at Step 8
Codex
standard
Executive Committee
(critical review) monitoring
Basis for the establishment of Codex
standards
Sound scientific analysis and evidence based on risk analysis
Other legitimate factors
The food standards, guidelines and other recommendations of “Codex
Alimentarius shall be based on the principle of sound scientific analysis
and evidence, involving a thorough review of all relevant information, in
order that the standards assure the quality and safety of the food supply.
When elaborating and deciding upon food standards Codex Alimentarius
will have regard, where appropriate to other legitimate factors relevant
for the health protection of consumers and for the promotion of fair
practices in food trade”
Roles in risk analysis
Risk Assessment
(FAO/WHO - Permanent bodies,
Ad-Hoc Expert Consultations)
Functional separation + liaison
Risk Management
(Governments, CAC)
Risk Communication: Governments, FAO/WHO – Infosan, IGos
Risk Assessment for Codex:
FAO/WHO scientific advice
Chemical hazards
JECFA
CCFA
Microbiological hazards Nutrition
JMPR
JEMRA
JEMNU
CCPR
CCFH
CCNFSDU
CCCF
CCRVDF
Ad hoc consultations
biotechnology
TFFBT
Biotoxins,
melamine
CCCF
active chlorine
CCFH
nanotechnology
Etc…
Other legitimate factors may be
identified in the risk Management
proces but:
• should not affect scientific basis of risk analysis
• should not create unjustified barriers to trade (particular
attention should be given to the impact on developing
countries)
• only those factors which can be accepted on a worldwide
basis should be taken into account
• some legitimate concerns of governments are not generally
applicable or relevant worldwide
Committee on Residues of Veterinary
Drugs in Foods
Tasks
• Determine priorities for MRLs for
veterinary drugs
• Recommend MRLs for veterinary drugs
• Develop Codes of Practice
• Consider methods of analysis and sampling
Committee on Residues of Veterinary
Drugs in Foods
Recent work
• MRLs for narasin, monensin, amoxicillin
• Risk Analysis Principles Applied by CCRVDF and the Risk
Assessment Policy for Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods
• Risk Management Recommendations for Veterinary Drugs for
which no ADI and/or MRLs could be set by JECFA due to
specific health concerns: chloramphenicol, malachite green,
carbadox, furazolidone, nitrofural, chlorpromazine, stilbenes
and olaquindox
• Extrapolation of Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) of Veterinary
Drugs to Additional Species
• Use of the Concern Form for the CCRVDF
Committee on Residues of Veterinary
Drugs in Foods
Ongoing
• MRLs for monepantel, derquantel, dimitridazole, ipronidazole,
metronidazole and ronidazole
• Draft provisions on establishment of MRLs for honey (for inclusion
on the Risk Analysis Principles applied by the CCRVDF)
• Discussion paper regarding the issues and concerns that impact the
ability of the CCRVDF to efficiently perform its work
• Database on countries’ needs for MRLs
Development of MRLs for veterinary drugs
JECFA
CCRVDF
3
5
ADI &
MRL
Codex
Alimentarius
Commission
Call for Data
1
7
4
9
Priority List
Residue data from the
application of GVP
Toxicological data from
animal and other
relevant studies
CCRVDF
Application by
governments
Codex Committee on Food Hygiene
Tasks
• Elaborate Guidelines or Codes of Hygienic Practice
(preferred)
• Establish microbiological criteria for food
commodity/pathogen combination; and/or
• Tools/procedures for countries to apply other
microbiological risk management metrics (e.g. FSO, PO, PC)
• Determine priorities for its work on the basis of risk profile
• Identify areas on which inputs from JEMRA are needed
• Develop risk management questions to JEMRA
• Consider methods of analysis and sampling where MCs are
established
CCFH and Risk Analysis
Codex request FAO/WHO
to establish an
advisory body on
microbial hazards in foods
Codex activities
Adoption of Codex
Principles and Guidelines
for MRA
1997
1999
FAO/WHO
Expert Cons.
on MRA
CCFH request advice
on
specific
pathogen-commodity
combination
2000
2002
FAO/WHO
Expert Cons.
on MRA and
RM
JEMRA
2003
CCFH
Work recently finalized
•
Guidelines on the Application of General Principles of Food Hygiene to the Control of
Viruses in Food
•
Guidelines for Control of Specific Zoonotic Parasites in Meat: Trichinella spiralis and
Cysticercus bovis
•
Revision of Principles for the Establishment and Application of Microbiological Criteria
for Foods
•
Amendments to definitions for hazard characterization, risk communication, risk
estimate and risk management in the Principles and Guidelines for the Conduct of
Microbiological Risk Assessment
•
Guidelines for the Control of Trichinella spp. in meat of Suidae
•
Guidelines for the Control of Taenia saginata in meat of domestic cattle
Work in Progress
•
Annex on statistical and mathematical considerations to the Principles and Guidelines
for the Establishment and Application of Microbiological Criteria Related to Foods
•
Proposed Draft Code of Hygienic Practice for Low-Moisture Foods
•
Guidelines on the Application of General Principles of Food Hygiene to the Control of
Foodborne Parasites
Examples for other relevant work:
Antimicrobial resistance (Rep of Korea): Guidelines for Risk
Analysis of Foodborne Antimicrobial Resistance
Animal Feeding (Switzerland):
Guidelines on Application of Risk Assessment for Feed
Guidance for Use by Governments in Prioritizing the National
Feed Hazards
Biotechnology (Japan): Guideline for the Conduct of Food Safety
Assessment of Foods Derived from Recombinant-DNA Animals
Contaminants (Netherlands): Code of Practice for the Reduction
of Aflatoxin B1 in Raw Materials and Supplemental Feedingstuffs
for Milk-Producing Animals
CODEX/OIE Cooperation
Working Group (Canada)
• propose guidance to better take into account
relevant work that has been undertaken or is in
progress by each organization and
• identify means to consistently reference each other’s
standards and guidance, as appropriate
CODEX/OIE Cooperation
Working Group (Canada)
Themes
• Adoption of formal structure for collaboration
to increase consistency
• Increased transparency through improved
communication
• Strengthen collaboration at national level
CODEX/OIE Cooperation
Working Group (Canada)
Themes
• Adoption of systematic procedures for crossreferencing to increase consistency
• Enhancing processes to identify joint priorities
in areas of common interests
• Improving transparency through information
sharing and recognition of best practices in
communication and collaboration
• Strengthen collaboration at national and
regional level
2063: What will the future bring
•
•
•
•
•
More people
More food travelling the world
More countries entering the world market
More variety
More health and safety awareness in the
population
= More need for harmonized rules to, ensure
food safety and quality, reduce food waste
and make business possible
ISSUES ON THE WAY
• Be faster than … 4.2 years
• Remain inclusive and transparent while finding
consensus in a heterogeneous membership
• Further increase participation of developing
countries
• Find ways to deal with emerging issues (new
diseases, food fraud)
• Turn the issues of private standards from a threat
into an opportunity
= Work together, use new tools, use new partnerships
‫شنكرا‬