Transcript Document

Possible Cooperation with OIC
Pungky Sumadi
Director of Social Protection and Welfare
National Development Planning Agency
Republic of Indonesia
First Meeting of the Development and Cooperation
Institutions (DCIs) of the OIC Member States
Istanbul
13-14 May, 2009
Presentation Outline
Poverty: Definition and Some Indicators.
 Macro Economic Management and Poverty
Reduction Strategy.
 Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
(PNPM) / National Community Empowerment
Program.
 Program Keluarga Harapan (Household
Conditional Cash Transfer / CCT.)
 PNPM Generasi Sehat dan Cerdas (Community
CCT.)
 Possible Cooperation

Presentation Outline
Poverty: Definition and Some Indicators.
 Poverty Reduction Strategy.
 Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
(PNPM) / National Community Empowerment
Program.
 Program Keluarga Harapan (Household CCT.)
 PNPM Generasi Sehat dan Cerdas (Community
CCT.)

Definition of Poverty

PRSP: Those who are not able to meet one of the
following basic rights: food, job, education, health,
land, shelter, water and sanitation, natural resources
management and environment, security and
participation.

2008 poverty line: Income is less than Rp. 183.000,/person/month (PPP USD 1.62)

Learning from past experience, the Government
cannot alleviate poverty by itself. The poor
community has to be in the driver’s seat.
The Total Number of Poor Population is Still High
Poverty Trend in Indonesia: 1976-2008
60
50
54.2
42.3
40
40.1
40.6
35.0
33.3
30
28.6
10
39.3
38.7 37.9 38.4 37.3
37.2
36.1 35.1
35.0
34.0
30.0
26.9
27.2 25.9
24.2
22.5
21.6
20
12 Years
49.5 48.0
47.2
17.4
23.4
19.1
15.1
13.7
18.4 18.2
17.4
17.8
16.7 16.0
15.4
17.5
16.6
11.3
0
1976 1978 1980 1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Total Number of Poor Population
Total Number of Poor Population
Percentage of Poor Population
Percentage of Poor Population
Note: A revision has been made in method in 1998, encompassing the expansion of commodities coverage and interregional comparability.
5
Some Other Indicators
29,30%
Household without access to safe water
52,32%
21,21%
Householdw/o
without
access
to sanitation
Household
access
to sanitation
Household with children aged 12-15 not
enrolled in junior high school
Household with birth attended by traditional
paramedics
43,86%
7,86%
20,76%
9,29%
27,89%
0%
Source: SUSENAS 2002, BPS
10%
Non-poor
20%
Poor
30%
40%
50%
60%
School Participation by Income Classification
School
< poverty
Participation
line
Poorest
Richest
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q5
Total
Age 7-12 years
Attending School
5.409.470
6.417.181
5.869.866
5.359.679
4.821.673
3.908.571
26.376.970
Not at school
347.482
406.862
192.052
144.900
86.675
50.711
881.200
Never
216.157
249.165
108.110
84.951
49.139
29.143
520.508
Drop out
131.325
157.697
83.942
59.949
37.536
21.568
360.692
5.756.952
6.824.043
6.061.918
5.504.579
4.908.348
3.959.282
27.258.170
1.803.155
2.139.783
2.264.164
2.227.993
2.150.977
1.851.319
10.634.236
Not at school
707.504
880.677
552.856
348.869
213.919
106.176
2.102.497
Never
42.040
48.943
20.529
11.105
9.082
6.331
95.990
Drop out
665.464
831.734
532.327
337.764
204.837
99.845
2.006.507
2.510.659
3.020.460
2.817.020
2.576.862
2.364.896
1.957.495
12.736.733
790.264
859.483
1.101.313
1.372.766
1.587.247
1.768.792
6.689.601
1.443.661
1.765.429
1.481.937
1.151.898
863.661
556.874
5.819.799
48.534
54.801
19.283
18.510
10.145
9.342
112.081
Drop out
1.395.127
1.710.628
1.462.654
1.133.388
853.516
547.532
5.707.718
TOTAL
2.233.925
2.679.713
2.602.533
2.543.174
2.461.053
2.335.008
12.621.481
TOTAL
Age 13-15 years
Attending School
TOTAL
Age 16-18 years
Attending School
Not at school
Never
Source: calculated based on BPS, SUSENAS 2004;
Note: Q1= is the poorest quintile; Q5= is the richest quintile.
0
Source: BPS, 2005
Sumatera
Sulawesi
Jawa-Bali
NT-Maluku-Papua
Kalimantan
Nasional
Infants that
Suffer
Malnutrition
Not Reaching
the Age of 40
Unemployment
Rate
Illness Rate
Without
Sanitation
Without Clean
Water
Birth Delivery by
Traditional
Persons
%
Illiteracy Rate
Several Poverty Indicators, per Region, 2005
60
50
40
30
20
10
8
The Poor Population are Scattered and not Evenly Isolated (2008)
57 percent of the poor population is
concentrated in Java
5 million: East Java, Central Java, and West Java
1-2 million: North Sumatera, South Sumatera, Lampung, NAD (Aceh), West Nusatenggara, East Nusatenggara, South Sulawesi
500 thousand – 1 million: Papua, South East Sulawesi, West Kalimantan, Banten, DIY (Yogyakarta), Riau, West Sumatera.
9
Presentation Outline
Poverty: Definition and Some Indicators.
 Macro Economic Management and
Poverty Reduction Strategy.
 Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
(PNPM) / National Community Empowerment
Program.
 Program Keluarga Harapan (Household CCT.)
 PNPM Generasi Sehat dan Cerdas (Community
CCT.)

Macro Ec. Mgt and Poverty Reduction Strategies in 2009
Labor improv’t
Programs (migrant
Workers, training
Facilities, etc.)
• Fiscal-monatery
policy
• Infrastructure
programs
• Investment improv’t programs
• Improv’t of fiscal
policies.
• Energy accel’tion
prog
• Spec Ec. zoning
• Micro credit prog.
(KUR)
• Price stabilization
program (rice, etc.)
• Health.
• Education
• Basic services & infra
Employment opportunity
Improved Social
Welfare
Economic
growth and
stability
Poverty
reduction
Fulfillment of
Basic Needs
Programs
Dev’t of Social
Protection
Program
CCTs, UCT,
Old age,
Disabled
Harmonization
Of Comm.
Emp. Programs
PNPM:
•Comm infrastructure
•Comm productive
activities.
•Env. Improvement.
•HRD
Presentation Outline
Poverty: Definition and Some Indicators.
 Macro Economic Management and Poverty
Reduction Strategy.
 National Program on Community
Empowerment/(PNPM).
 Program Keluarga Harapan (Household
Conditional Cash Transfer / CCT.)
 PNPM Generasi Sehat dan Cerdas (Community
CCT.)

National Program on Community
Empowerment (PNPM)

Definition
 PNPM is a program that places poor communities as the
driver in the decision making process of local
development.

Component
 Community facilitation.
 Block grant (USD 163,000/sub-district/yr).
 Local government facilitation.

Coverage and Budget
 Coverage 2009: All urban and rural sub-districts in the
country (more than 6408.)
 Budget 2009: USD 1.2 billion.
PNPM-Community
EmpowermentProcess
Process
PNPM
Community Empowerment
4. Comm. Self Mapping:
• Conceptualizing needs and
local potentials.
• Problem solving.
3. Poverty Reflection:
• Pov. Identification.
• Conceptualizing poverty.
• Identify cause of pov.
• Identify potential to
overcome problems.
5. Community Organizing:
Establish functional comm. institution
through democratic and value based
approach.
6. Plan Development:
• Identification & prioritization.
• Development of programs
and activities.
• Discussion with service
provider (community CCT.)
7. Execution of Activities:
2. Comm. Meeting:
• Developing sense of comm.
• Democratizing comm.
• Awareness of self existense.
1. Socialization to Community:
• Social mapping
• Program socialization
• Establish smaller groups
of beneficiaries.
• Establish common ‘space’ to
independently solve
problems.
8. Beneficiaries:
• Community groups (esp. the poor)
Harmonization of Community
Empowerment Program within PNPM
PNPM support programs
 All sectoral programs (including legal sector.)
 PNPM support components:
• Sectoral community grants.
• Sectoral / technical facilitators.
Main PNPM Programs
Etcetra
 Consist of:
• KDP (rural.)
• UPP (urban.)
• RISE (fast growing rural districts.)
• SPADA (disadvantage / special areas.)
 PNPM components:
• Open menu community grants.
• Comm. facilitatiion, technical supervision,
training and local gov’t empowerment facilities.
Harmonization at National Level

Coordination among ministries is still a
problem.

Among donor is even easier  PNPM Support
Facility.

Improve everything related to tap
international financial resources (budgeting,
procurement, reporting/accounting) and make
better use of them.
Natural Disaster Management and Mitigation

Indonesia is in the natural disaster prone
area.

Community (with empowerment approach)
was able to build approximately 70,000
houses in Aceh and more than 220,000
houses in Yogyakarta in one year.

Coordination has been the ghost of
development – do it well!
Presentation Outline
Poverty: Definition and Some Indicators.
 Poverty Reduction Strategy.
 Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
(PNPM).
 Program Keluarga Harapan (Household
Conditional Cash Transfer.)
 PNPM Generasi Sehat dan Cerdas (Community
CCT.)

Objectives
Objectives
Health and Nutrition:
 To improve access of the poor
to basic health care
(especially for children and
expecting and lactating
women).
 To improve nutrition
condition of the poor children.
Education:
To improve net enrollment
in elementary and junior
secondary school for the
poor children.
Target group especially for
the children who are outside
the school system.
In the long run:
•Improve quality of human resources
•Break poverty chain
Program Keluarga Harapan
(Household CCT)




A replacement for the Unconditional Cash Transfer
(Beneficiaries: 19,1 million household.)  Poor data
quality.
Pilot in 348 subdistricts in 7 provinces in 2005.
Design: more or less similar to Mexico’s
Oportunidades.
Implementing Agency: Ministry of Social Affairs
(central) and local governments, in coordination with
Health, Education, Pos Indonesia (payment),
KOMINFO (socialization) and Central Statistics Agency
(data.)
Program
Harapan CCT)
Program
KeluargaKeluarga
Harapan (Household
(Household CCT)





Targeting mechanism: geographical and Proxy Means
Testing methods.
2007 Budget: Originally USD 450 million, covering 1
million household, split into demand side (USD 125
million) and the rest was for supply side (mainly
education.)
Target beneficiaries: Originally 500.000 households
(+/- 2 million people.) Actual: 392.000 households
(1.28 million people.)
Actual used of 2007 budget: USD 67 million (due to
15% budget cut and reduced # of beneficiaries.)
2009: USD 100 million for 720,000 households.
Program
Harapan CCT)
Program
KeluargaKeluarga
Harapan (Household
(Household CCT)

Benefit:




Fixed assistance/family: $21.50/year.
Health: $86/year for expecting/lactating woman
and children under 5.
Education: $43/year for elementary school and $
86/year for junior high.
Evaluation design:



Baseline survey.
Rapid assessment (what’s wrong with the design.)
2 yearly evaluation.
Presentation Outline
Poverty: Definition and Some Indicators.
 Poverty Reduction Strategy.
 Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
(PNPM).
 Program Keluarga Harapan (Household
Conditional Cash Transfer / CCT.)
 PNPM Generasi Sehat dan Cerdas
(Community CCT.)

PNPM GENERASI SEHAT DAN CERDAS
(Community CCT)

Definition: A community-based CCT. Household
CCT conditionalities apply, but benefit goes to
community to decide.

Coverage and Budget:


129 sub-districts (1625 villages = 1,1 million people)
treatment and 129 sub-districts control. No overlaps
with household CCT.
Budget USD 6 million for 2 years.

Benefit: USD 8700/village/yr.

Duration of pilot activities: 2007 - 2009.
How Does the Project Achieve
Its Objectives?

Health Indicators:





Expecting mothers: At least 4 times check ups and
receive iron tablets.
Delivery assisted by medical professionals.
Post natal care (incl. the new born child.)
0-59 month child: routine check up, receive
vitamin A.
Education Indicators:

Students 6 – 15 yrs are enrolled in schools with at
least 85% attendance.
How Do They Use the Money?

Health:






Public awareness.
Food supplement.
Transport cost for mothers
and midwifes.
Subsidy / savings for
deliveries.
Equipment for health
centers.
Improve local
infrastructure of health
centers.

Education:






School uniforms, books,
shoes for students.
Transport cost.
Bikes for junior high
students.
Remuneration for
voluntary teachers.
Improvement / building
additional classrooms.
Improvement of school
related infrastructure.
Possible Cooperation





South-South cooperation and exchange of experience
in macro economic management—including
experience in handling current global crisis—and
community empowerment approach in poverty
reduction, and natural disaster management /
mitigation.
Training and capacity building programs in monitoring
and evaluation of the above subjects.
Statistical cooperation in MDG monitoring indicators,
poverty targeting (especially at individual levels.)
For Indonesia: reduce traditional western-controlled
sources of funds and mobilize new resources from
OIC members countries.
Jakarta Commitment: Bringing donor community to
be in line with Indonesia’s development agenda and
improving aid effectiveness.
TERIMA KASIH