Transcript chemistry - Augusta High School

chemistry
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24.2
Carbohydrates
This cicada is shedding its old
exoskeleton and forming a new
one. An arthropod’s
exoskeleton is made of a
polymer called chitin, which
belongs to a class of organic
molecules known as
carbohydrates. You will learn
about the structures and
functions of carbohydrates.
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24.2
Carbohydrates
>
Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides
Where is glucose found abundantly in
nature?
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24.2
Carbohydrates
>
Monosaccharides
Carbohydrates are monomers and polymers of
aldehydes and ketones that have numerous
hydroxyl groups attached; they are made up of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
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24.2
Carbohydrates
>
Monosaccharides
The simplest carbohydrate molecules are called
simple sugars, or monosaccharides. Glucose
and fructose are examples of monosaccharides.
Glucose is abundant in plants and
animals.
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24.2
Carbohydrates
>
Monosaccharides
Carbohydrates are the most abundant sources
of energy in food.
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24.2
Carbohydrates
>
Monosaccharides
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24.2
Carbohydrates
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Monosaccharides
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24.2
Carbohydrates
>
Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
How can the cyclic forms of two simple
sugars be linked?
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24.2
Carbohydrates
>
Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
The cyclic forms of two simple sugars
can be linked by means of a
condensation reaction.
A sugar such as sucrose that forms from
two monosaccharides in this way is known
as a disaccharide.
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24.2
Carbohydrates
>
Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
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24.2
Carbohydrates
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Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
• The polymers produced by the linkage of
many monosaccharide monomers are
called polysaccharides.
• Starches, the major storage form of
glucose in plants, are polysaccharide
polymers that consist of glucose
monomers.
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24.2
Carbohydrates
>
Disaccharides and Polysaccharides
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24.2 Section Quiz.
Assess students’ understanding
of the concepts in Section 24.2.
Continue to:
-or-
Launch:
Section Quiz
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24.2 Section Quiz.
1. Many carbohydrates have the general formula
a. Cn(H2O)2n.
b. (COH)n.
c. Cn(OH)2n.
d. Cn(H2O)n.
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24.2 Section Quiz.
2. Sucrose is an example of a
a. starch.
b. polysaccharide.
c. monosaccharide.
d. disaccharide.
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24.2 Section Quiz.
3. Choose the correct words for the spaces.
Starches are polymers formed by linking
together ________ molecules in a
condensation reaction that eliminates
________ molecules.
a. glucose, water
b. fructose, hydrogen
c. sucrose, carbon dioxide
d. glucose and fructose, water
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