Transcript Chapter 11 Dairy Production

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Sources of milk are
from goats,
camels, llamas,
sheep, reindeer,
and water buffalo.
Dairy Cattle are
the main source of
milk in the USA
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First brought to Jamestown Colony
in 1611
Farms had only 1 or 2 cows
Lack of refrigerator was the reason
The second part of the 19th century
brought pasteurization,
homogenization, refrigeration, and
bottled milk
9.1 million dairy cows in the USA
on farms
165 billion pounds of milk are
produced by US cows each year
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Each cow produces nearly
18,000 pounds of milk per
year
One cow can provide for 25
people with their dairy needs
Dairy farm numbers have
declined since 1950, by 95%
Herd sizes range from 35 -500
to as much as 10,000 cows
High tech milking equipment
is used
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Growth hormones are used
to increase milk production
California leads in total
milk production, Wisconsin
is 2nd , then New York
Calves are used for veal
(males)
Older cows are used for
bologna and hamburger
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Kingdom – Animal
Phylum – Chordata –
vertebrates
Class – Mammalia –
warm blooded
Order – Artiodactyla
(Even toed, cloven
hoofed)
Family – Bovidae –
Ruminants
Genus – Bos
Species – taurus and
indicus
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Should appear
angular
Lack muscle
development
Well shaped
udder
Four teats
Seven Top Dairy Breeds:
 Jersey
 Holstein- Friesian
 Brown Swiss
 Guernsey
 Ayrshire
 Milking Shorthorn
 Red and White
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Selecting Sires – One per herd
Artificial Insemination
Nutrient requirements – Look
at their rations
Feeding calves – Colostrum
first 6 hours
Feeding young stock – creep
feeding
Feeding Dry cows – no
concentrates only roughages
Feeding lactating cows – one
pound of concentrates for
every 3 pounds of milk
produced. Roughages are fed
at a rate of 2% of body weight.
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Animal/Human
interaction
Stress modification –
space (housing), feed
on time, milk on time
Climate Modification
– temperature,
humidity or
precipitation, wind,
and radiation
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Metabolic
Health
Disorders
 Milk fever –
overfeeding
calcium
 Ketosis – Blood
sugar low
 Mastitis –
inflammation of
the mammary
glands
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Cold Housing
Warm Housing
Milking Parlor
Mechanized feeding
Manure handling
systems
 15-20 tons manure is
produced per dairy cow
 Solid manure system – low
cost – daily labor
 Liquid manure system –
high cost – move every 4-5
months
 Lagoons (ponds) lots of
land needed, odor problems
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Training
Washing
Grooming
Clipping
Trimming
In the Ring