Africa - Ramsey School District / Overview
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Transcript Africa - Ramsey School District / Overview
African Kingdoms
The Post- Classical Era
Objective: To understand and analyze the
effects of African trading kingdoms on
the Post- Classical Era.
Ms. Costa
Early Civilizations of Africa:
Great Rift Valley
Nile Valley ( Ancient
Egypt)
Desertification- Bantu
Migrations
Kingdom of Nubia
Great Zimbabwe
North Africa- Carthage
Trade & Camel Caravans
Introduction of Islam 600
Civilizations on the Nile:
Ancient Nubia
Ancient Egypt
• Flooding of the Nilesilt for farming
• 5,000 BC people begin
farming- scattered villages
• Ruled by kings & queens
(pharaohs = Gods)
• Large burial tombs & pyramids
for afterlife
• Use of hieroglyphics
• Skill in paper-making,
architecture, medicine and
astronomy
• 6000 BC hunting and fishing
communities South of Egypt
along Nile
• 3100 BC start of kingdoms
• Greatest city Napata- 724
conquered Egypt rule for 60
yrs.
• Later kingdom established
South of Nubia
• http://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=tp6P_hBnF1s&feature=resu
lts_video&playnext=1&list=PL06
DEB820AFD029A5
North African Trading Powers
Rise and Fall of Carthage
• 800 BC Phoenicians establish
Carthage (Tunisia)
• Powerful city-state of N. Africa
• Textiles, metals, slaves, & food
• Dominate Med. Trade 500 BC200BC
• War with Rome- lose and fall
to Roman Empire 146
Roman and Islamic Influences
• Cities grew up in Morocco,
Algeria, and Tunisia under
Roman Empire
• Spread of Christianity
• Roman roads
• Fall of Rome 476 AD compete for
control of N. Africa
• 600s Arab traders took Egypt
and N. Africa- spread of Islam
• N. Africans spread Islam to W.
Africa
The Roman Empire
Gold for Salt:
Dominate trans-Saharan trade
Plentiful gold in Ghana,
Nigeria & Senegal (Savanna of
W. Africa)
North Africa wants gold to
make coins (Have Salt)
City of Taghaza salt blocks
used to build houses
Salt is going South
Gold is going North
West Africans trade for saltnecessity for diets
Control of gold supply
=wealthy trade kingdoms
Ghana: “Land of GoLd”
(700-1000)
Sonike people
Between Niger &
Senegal Rivers
Use of Iron
Lavish court set up
Dominate gold/salt
trade
Go-between for North
African traders & gold Import: cloth, broaches, copper &
and ivory producers of salt
Export: Gold
South
Trade with Berbers from N. Africa
Ghana: Trade & Islam
Ghana’s kings grew richtax on imports/exports
Islam: though in contact
with Muslim traders,
Ghana kept traditional
religion
Tolerant and welcome
Muslims
1050 Almoravidscampaign to spread
Islam/ invasions
MaLi: “Where the KinG dWeLLs”
(1200-1450)
Mandinke people
Famous for weaving, mining, and
architecture
Sundiata- founder
Takes over old empire- encompass
parts of Ghana
Greatest leader Mansa Musa 1312
(takes salt mines to the North)
MM Enlarges empire- Adopts Islam
Assembly of Kings- legal code
Timbuktu- center of scholarship/
wealth
Ibn Batutta “There is complete
security in their country.”
Trade: Gold, Salt,
cloth, books &
Copper :
the eMperor’s hajj:
1324 sets out for Mecca
with caravan
Pass through Cairo
Egyptians in Awe – shows
wealth of kingdom
New trading ties
Return with Muslim
scholars, artists, writers,
teachers & architects
Building of mosques in
Gao & Timbuktu
Decline – after MM dies
his successor are weak
Songhai: 1300s
Founded by Sonni-Ali – bring
trading cities under his control
Great military leader – takes
over Timbuktu
Gao = capital
Largest empire
Asika Muhammad- military
and administration (height of
kingdom under him)
Asika makes pilgrimage
brings Muslim scholars to
Timbuktu
1400 Timbuktu center of
learning
1586 invasions from North
Education: Uniform weights &
measures, banking and credit
Benin
Other Kingdoms of West
Africa:
Rose in forests of Guniea
near Equator
1300 kingdoms emerge
King is political and
religious leader (Ewuare)
3 mile long wall around city
Palace with bronze
The Hausa:
1300 walled cities of clay
Thriving commercial centers
Merchants trade with Arabs
and Berbers
Develop a written
language based on Arabic
Hausa rulers- some are
women
Gain control of Saharan
trade routes
East African Trading
Kingdoms:
The Post Classical
Age
East African Kingdoms
Trade with Middle East, Persia, India, China
E. African coast good harbors and cities
City-States: a large town that has its own government &
usually controls the surrounding countryside
Trade at coastal and inland cities – Malindi, Mombasa,
Zanzibar, Mozambique, Mogadishu, Sofala & Kilwa
Traders brought slaves, ivory, gold, and animal skins from
interior of Africa to coast
Other trade use trade winds to sail across Indian Ocean using
monsoons
Arabs bring Islam to E. Africa
Development of Swahili (Arab blended with local lang.)
The Kingdom of Axum:
• Christian missionaries 1st
introduce Christianity to
Ethiopia AD 300
• AD 500 Spread to Nubia
• Kingdom of Axum grew as
Arab & African traders settle
on Red Sea
• 600 decline bc Arabs
• 1200 re-mergence of
Christian stronghold King
Lalaibela
• 11 Rock churches
The Kingdom
of
AXUM
BBC: THE LOST KINGDOM OF AXUM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkEvbZZ1FuU&feature=related
The Great Kingdom of Zimbabwe:
• Inland & South from E.
African City States
• Located near Limpopo
• Connect to I.O. Trade
• Height 1300- rulers
organized large
kingdom/Cntrl gold mines
• Zimbabwe = “great stone
house”
• Today stone buildings, city
walls, fortresses, and homes
still stand
• Archeologists found
porcelain from China, beads
from India
• 1500s power struggle decline
Sources:
• BBC Lost Kingdoms of Africa
• Google Images