Transcript Jedinstveni jezik OO-modeliranja

DICTIONARY OF
TOPONYMS
IN SERBIAN
1
Pavlović-Lažetić
Gordana
Cvetana Krstev2
Duško Vitas1
1Faculty
of Mathematics
2Faculty of Philology
University of Belgrade
Serbia
DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
OVERVIEW
AIMS
 SOURCES & CONTENTS
 STRUCTURE & FORMAT
 TAGS
 SPECIFICS
 EXAMPLES: daily newspapers
 FURTHER DEVELOPMENT
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
AIMS
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Daily newspaper analysis: Intex
Web browsers
Unknown words: proper names – personal
and toponyms
Prolintex: Maurel, Piton
Encyclopedic dictionary with morphological
tags – Intex; experimental
Delas-top: toponyms, hydronyms, oronyms –
size ~2600; simple words
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
SOURCES
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YU / foreign geography
 Geographic atlas used in education in Serbia
 Official statistics register of inhabited places
in former Yugoslavia
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Belgrade, Serbia, Monte Negro
Bosnia, Macedonia, Croatia, Slovenia
South / Central / West / North Europe
Near East, Asia, Africa
North America (USA & Canada), South America
Australia, Pacific islands
Arctic & Antarctic, seas & oceans
Earth, continents, cosmos, Sun system
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
CHOICE
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Country
Official languages
Capital city
Administrative divisions of common
importance (e.g., US states)
Cities (more than 10000 / 50000 /100000
inhabitants)
Hydronyms (rivers, lakes, swamps;
associated with mouth-country)
Mountains, volcanoes, etc, if of common
importance (for, e.g., newspaper text)
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
CONTENTS
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Proper names
Relational adjectives (-ski, -sxki, -cyki)
Names of inhabitants, including pejoratives (if
exist; e.g., sxvaba,sxiptar)
Possessive adjectives (-ov/-ev; -in)
Examples:
Pariz,N - pariski,A+Rel
Parizxanin,Nm - Parizxaninov,A+Poss
Parizxanka,Nf - Parizxankin,A+Poss
parizxanski,A+Rel
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
CONTENTS
YU-geography: local official names
 Foreign: exonyms (rarely official / traditional)
 E.g., Becy, Rim, Solun, Bitolx, Skoplxe, Prag
 Transcription (adjusted): Cyrillic orthography
(e.g., Bolonxa)
 Orthography transcription rules
 Phonetic / adjusted to writing (e.g., Cykago,
Cyikagou) / declination
 Tradition (spontaneous: e.g., Peking)
 Latin: diacritic (Be~) / rarely transliteration
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
STRUCTURE & FORMAT
 Delas-top
entry: syntactic &
semantic attributes
 Syntactic: flective classes for
simple words (Delas for Serbian)
 Generated a part of DELAF-top
dictionary
 Semantics: Prolintex
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
TAGS - codes
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DER (derivative): Beogradxanka, .Nfs+Der(Beograd)
Top (toponym, place):Beograd, .Nms +Top
Hyd – hydronym: dunavski,.A+Rel+Hyd
Oro – oronym: Gocy,.Nms+Oro
Hum- human beings: Valxevka,.Nfs+Hum
IsoXX – ISO-country-code for toponyms:
Beograd,.Nms+Top+IsoYU
LngXX – language code: grcyki, .A +LngEL
 PR – proper names: Beograd,.Nms+Top+PR
 PG – pejorative name: Sxvabica,.Nfs+PG
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS: TAGS
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PAut: Autonom. region: Vojvodina,.Nfs+Top+PAut +IsoYU
PCen: Regional center: Nisx,.Nms+PCen
PDgr – City or place part: Autokomanda, .Nfs +PDgr
PDrz – Country: Francuska,.NAfs+PDrz
PGr1-PGr4, PGgr: Sofija, .Nfs+Top+PGgr+PGr4+IsoBG
POps – Township: Cyukarica,.Nfs+Top+POps+IsoYU
PKon – Continent: Evropa,.Nfs+PKon
POst – Island: Elba,.Nfs+PR+Top+POst+IsoIT
PPla – Mountain: Rila,.Nfs+PR+Oro+PPla+IsoBG
PReg – Region: Metohija,.Nfs+Top+PReg+IsoYU
PRgr – Reg. Cap. city: Prisxtina,.Nfs+Top+PRgr+IsoYU
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
SPECIFICS: nouns
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Fem.: Top, Hyd, Oro, Hum (inhab.)
 Size
– Total: 911
– YU: 146 (16%)
– Foreign: 765 (84%)
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Types
– Tops: 364 (40%)
– Hyds: 131 (14%)
– Oros: 33 (4%)
– Fem. inhab.:383 (42%)
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
SPECIFICS: nouns (cont.)
 Inhabitants
(fem.):
a) –ka, 361 (94%), same synt. cl., e.g.,
Beogradxanka, Bugarka,
Parizxanka, Kanadxanka
b) –ca, 7 (2%), diff. synt. cl., e.g.,
Sxvabica, Sremica
c) –nxa, 15 (4%), same synt. cl., e.g.,
Grkinxa, Polxakinxa, Turkinxa,
Francuskinxa, Renkinxa
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
SPECIFICS: adjectives
 Possessive,
relational
 Size
– Total: 1673
– YU: 268 (16%)
– Foreign:1405 (84%)
 Types
– Rel: 1002 (60%)
– Poss: 671 (40%)
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
SPECIFICS: adjectives (cont.)
 Relational:
– -ski, -sxki, -cyki
– e.g., beogradski, prasxki, becyki
– orthography: small l.
 Possessive:
– -in, e.g., Beogradxankin (f.), Becylijin(m.)
– -ov, -ev (m.), e.g., Beogradxaninov,
Prisxtincyev
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
SPECIFICS: homonymy
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Mostly nouns, same synt. cl., e.g.,
Barselona, .Nfs+Top+PGr2+IsoVE
Barselona, .Nfs+Top+PGr4+IsoES
Alabama, .Nfs+Top+PFed+IsoUS
Alabama, .Nfs+Hyd+IsoUS
Drenica, .Nfs+Top+PReg+IsoYU
Drenica, .Nfs+Hyd+IsoYU
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Some adjectives, e.g.,
kolumbijski, .A+Rel+Top+IsoUS
kolumbijski, .A+Rel+Top+PDrz+IsoCO
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
EXAMPLES: “Politika”
 Bilateral
relationships in former YU
 Bilateral relationships in former YU +
AL
 Officials in former YU + US + GB
 Officials + bilateral officials
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
EXAMPLES: “Politika”
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
EXAMPLES: “Politika”
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
EXAMPLES: “Politika”
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
EXAMPLES: “Politika”
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DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMS:
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT
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Further development of DELAS-TOP (dictionary
by continents)
Description of compounds (DELAFC-top), e.g.,
Novi Sad
DB system
Local grammars describing relationships
between toponyms / grouping, e.g., Jugoslavija:
ex-YU + SRJ +SCG +... Balkan part (+
normalization - body)
Tags’ reduction (e.g., PGr1, PGr2, PGr3, PGr4,
PVgr, PGgr -> PGrad) – Prolintex2
Information extraction
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