Transcript No Slide Title

Review of Nutrient Management
Issues
Addressed by EPA NODA
for Proposed CAFO Regulations
Nutrient Issues
Fundamental outcomes of a
nutrient management plan:
Fundamental outcomes of a
nutrient management plan:
1. Minimize concentration (accumulation)
of nutrients
within a CAFO
Fundamental outcomes of a
nutrient management plan:
1. Minimize concentration (accumulation)
of nutrients
within a CAFO
2. Recycle
manure nutrients:
match crop nutrient needs
with nutrient
inputs
Fundamental outcomes of a
nutrient management plan:
1. Minimize concentration (accumulation)
of nutrients
within a CAFO
2. Recycle
manure nutrients:
match crop nutrient needs
with nutrient
inputs
3. Minimize
contaminant
movement from land application site
EPA’s partial CNMP focuses on:
1. Minimize concentration (accumulation)
of nutrients
within a CAFO
2. Recycle
manure nutrients:
match crop nutrient needs
with nutrient
Mandatory
inputs
setbacks
or buffers
3. Minimize
contaminant
movement from land application site
Issues of Agreement
1. Increased flexibility for states to set BMP’s.
Recommendation: Utilize University
recommendations or NRCS 590 specifications as
foundation for state specific nutrient management
practices (e.g. soil & manure testing, P Index)
Nutrient Issues
Issues of Agreement
2. P-Banking is acceptable practice within
certain limitations.
Recommendation: Multi-year P applications are
acceptable if :
– Crop N requirements are not exceeded.
– Crop P should match “state-based” land
grant university of NRCS standards.
Nutrient Issues
Issues of Concern
1. EPA’s CNMP is only a “partial CNMP”.
Recommendation:
- EPA should clearly identify mandatory and
voluntary elements of CNMP.
- EPA should credit plans targeting improved
whole farm nutrient balance as
“environmentally equivalent” to mandatory
elements.
Nutrient Issues
Issues of Concern
2. CNMP currently focuses strictly on crop
nutrient management planning &
setbacks as only solutions.
Recommendation: All nutrient management
tools should be recognized as providing
environmental benefits by CAFO regs.
Nutrient Issues
Nutrient Management
Solutions:
Efficient
nutrient
use in
crops
Conservation
plan
Efficient
nutrient
use in feeding
program
Nutrient
export
to off-farm
users
Manure
treatment nutrient disposal
or export
Nutrient Management
Solutions:
Efficient
nutrient
use in
crops
Conservation
plan
Buffer Strips
Efficient
nutrient
use in feeding
program
Nutrient
export
to off-farm
users
Manure
treatment nutrient disposal
or export
Nutrient Management
Solutions:
Efficient
nutrient
use in
crops
Conservation
plan
Buffer Strips
Efficient
nutrient
use in feeding
program
Nutrient
export
to off-farm
users
Manure
treatment nutrient disposal
or export
Will EPA recognize
“Environmental Equivalent”
nutrient management solutions?
Issues of Concern
3. Preference given to commercial fertilizer as
opposed to manure nutrients:
– P-Based Application Rates
– 100’ foot setbacks
– Increased liability imposed on off-farm users associated with
manure use as opposed to fertilizer.
Recommendation: The environmental benefits of
manure applied at agronomic rate suggests
that manure should not be restricted from
situations where fertilizer is allowed.
Nutrient Issues
Increased Fertilizer Use
Inputs
Managed
Outputs
Manure
Feeds
Fertilizer
Crops Sold
Farm
Boundary
Losses or
Nutrient Issues
Soil
Storage
Increased Fertilizer Use
Inputs
Managed
Outputs
Manure
Feeds
Fertilizer
Crops Sold
Farm
Boundary
Losses or
Nutrient Issues
Soil
Storage
Increased Fertilizer Use
Inputs
Managed
Outputs
Manure
Feeds
Fertilizer
Crops Sold
Farm
Boundary
Losses or
Nutrient Issues
Soil
Storage
Issues of Concern
4. Compliance is documented by completion
of plan and implementation of practices
and record keeping, not improved
performance.
Recommendation: Environmental performance
indicators should be optional procedure for
documenting success of CNMP to EPA.
Nutrient Issues
Alternative Performance
Indicators
Performance
Outcome
Indicator
1. Limit concentration of
- Whole Farm
nutrients within CAFO’s
Nutrient Balance
2. Recycle manure nutrients
- Crop N Balance
within cropping system
- Fertilizer Purchases
3. Minimize movement of
pollutants from land
Nutrient Issues
- Surface water…
Soil P Index
application site. -
Nutrient Outcomes & Performance
Indicators Should Be Foundation for...
Environmental Management System
component addressing nutrient issues.
Nutrient Issues
Environmental Benefits of Manure
Applied at Agronomic Rates
•  N leaching potential
•  soil erosion & runoff
•  soil carbon ….
•  crop productivity
• Replace energy
intensive N fertilizer &
limited resource P
fertilizer
Nutrient Issues
Nutrient Issues Addressed by EPA’s CNMP
Inputs
Managed
Outputs
Manure
Feeds
Crops Sold
Fertilizer
Farm
Boundary
Losses or
Nutrient Issues
Soil
Storage
Nitrogen Inputs (% of Total)
Nitrogen Inputs to Livestock Systems
Legumes 15%
10%
Fertilizer 50%
50%
Feeds
32%
2%
3%
75%
30%
20%
10%
Animals 3%
>2500
250-2500
<250
One Time Animal Capacity (animal units)
Phosphorus Balance
(Ratio of In/Out)
Phosphorus Whole Farm Balance
5
4
3
2
1
0
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
Livestock Capacity (Animal Units)
Phosphorus Balance
(Ratio of In/Out)
Phosphorus Whole Farm Balance
5
4
3
2
1
Low Risk
0
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
Livestock Capacity (Animal Units)
Phosphorus Balance
(Ratio of In/Out)
Phosphorus Whole Farm Balance
5
Increasing
Risk
4
3
2
1
Low Risk
0
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
Livestock Capacity (Animal Units)
Nutrient Flows on Livestock Farms
Inputs
Managed
Outputs
Feed
Animals Sold
Animals
Manure
Irrigation
Manure Sold
Feeds
Crops Sold
Fertilizer
Legumes
Losses or
Nutrient Issues
Farm
Boundary
Soil
Storage
Phosphorus Inputs (% of Total)
Phosphorus Inputs to
Livestock Systems
Fertilizer
Feeds
Animals
>2500
250-2500
<250
One Time Animal Capacity (animal units)
Phosphorus Inputs (% of Total)
Phosphorus Inputs to
Livestock Systems
Fertilizer
35%
Feeds
62%
Animals
3%
>2500
250-2500
<250
One Time Animal Capacity (animal units)
Phosphorus Inputs (% of Total)
Phosphorus Inputs to
Livestock Systems
Fertilizer
35%
33%
Feeds
47%
62%
Animals
3%
20%
>2500
250-2500
<250
One Time Animal Capacity (animal units)
Phosphorus Inputs (% of Total)
Phosphorus Inputs to
Livestock Systems
Fertilizer
1%
35%
33%
74%
Feeds
47%
62%
Animals
3%
20%
25%
>2500
250-2500
<250
One Time Animal Capacity (animal units)