Transcript Rocky Mountain

Washington and Oregon:
Deep Coal Seam CO2
Sequestration Potential
Scott H. Stevens, Greg Bank
Advanced Resources International, Inc. (ARI)
Arlington, Virginia, USA
WESTCARB Meeting
Portland, Oregon
October 28, 2004
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CO2 – ECBM Study Results
1) The NW is short on good quality “conventional”
(sandstone, carbonate) depleted reservoirs for
geologic sequestration.
2) Fortunately, extensive coal deposits occur in the
NW, located close to industry and power generation.
3) This first CO2-ECBM study synthesized all available
data, including confidential CBM pilot results.
4) CBM testing indicates good reservoir quality: 100 ft
coal, 1,000 ft3/ton CO2 sorption, 5 md permeability.
5) Good potential for CO2 storage using Centralia
power plant (1,400 MW) near Seattle-Tacoma.
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1.0
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CBM Basics
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1.1 CBM Basics
Coalbed methane (and CO2) storage and production
mechanisms differ from those of Conventional
reservoirs. CH4 and CO2 gas is “sorbed” under
pressure onto the huge surface area of coal. This
makes CBM reservoirs more difficult to evaluate.
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1.2 CBM Basics
Coal Mine Methane
(Gob Wells)
Fracced CBM Well
Left
Pumping Unit
CBM is produced
using: low-damage air or
light mud drilling; cased
hole; selective gel or
water/sand frac. Water is
pumped up tubing, gas
flows up annulus.
Blower
13-3/8"
Casing
13-3/8"
Casing
Right
12-1/4' Open Hole
No. 3
Coal Seam
Rathole
5
5-1/2" Production
Casing with Formation
Packer Shoe
Longwall Mining
Equipment
JAF01741.CDR
No. 4
Coal Seam
Coal mine methane
(CMM) wells, uncased inmine horizontal
boreholes and surface
vertical gob wells, are
less productive but used
for mining safety.
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1.3 CBM Basics
Coalbed Methane Production
• Produced using conventional vertical wells
• Water is pumped out of coal reservoir, reducing
pressure and eliciting CH4 desorption from coal.
• Produced at low P (~50 psia), need compression.
• Gas is >95% CH4 with minor CO2 (0-5%)
• Future coal mining becomes easier and safer.
• CBM provides nearly 10% of US natural gas prod.
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1.4 USA CBM Basins
9 Commercial Basins, >20,000 Wells, 29.1 Tcf Reserve Additions out of 600 Tcf of
Gas in Place. Northwest undergoing pilot testing but still pre-commercial.
Western Washington
24 Tcf
Powder River
61 Tcf
3.0
Illinois
21 Tcf
Wind River
2 Tcf
Greater
Green River
84 Tcf
0.1
Northern
Appalachian
61 Tcf
Forest City
0.1
Uinta
10 Tcf
0.3
Central
Appalachia
5 Tcf
Cherokee
2.0
Piceance
84 Tcf
San Juan
Fruitland Coal = 50
Tcf
Menefee Coal
17.8= 34 Tcf
Established CBM Basin
Emerging CBM Basin
Frontier CBM Basin
17.8 Reserve Additions
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1.7
Raton
12 Tcf
1.6
Arkoma
4 Tcf
Warrior
20 Tcf
1.5
N2 and CO2 ECBM Pilots
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2.0
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CO2 - ECBM
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2.1 Location of ECBM Pilots
San Juan Basin, USA
CO
Pip
2
La
P
la
ta
R
iv
Pagosa
Springs
er
BP Tiffany
Unit Pilot
Florida
Gas
Plant
F
s
IR
W 30
A
Y
m
s
ile
COLORADO
NEW MEXICO
Burlington
Allison
Unit Pilot
Dulce
Aztec
an
a
im
A
River
Ju
An
ARCHULETA CO.
eli Durango
ne
River
McElmo
Dome
CO2 Field
LA PLATA CO.
Farmington
San
JAF01664.CDR
• ECBM is still “pre-commercial” but has been tested
successfully in the San Juan, the world’s premier CBM basin.
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2.2 Burlington Resources Allison Unit CO2-ECBM Pilot
San Juan Basin, New Mexico
#112
Production Well
0
#142
3500ft CO2 Injector
3000ft
N05E
N80E
#114
Production Well
Depth (ft)
200
2800
2900'
2965'
2965'
3000
3038'
3030'
3124'
3200
TD=3148'
CH4
CO2
3049'
CO2
3078'
3092'
3104'
Fruitland
CH4
Coal Seam
3059'
3077'
3149'
TD=3149'
3328'
3400
JAF01665.CDR
10
3385'
TD=3390'
Note: Depths, elevations, thicknesses
expressed in feet
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3.0
WA/OR Coal and
CBM Reservoir Properties
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3.1 Study Area
• Oregon-Washington
Eocene coal region.
• 3 areas assessed:
• Bellingham Basin,
northern WA: good
coal development,
some CO2 sources.
• Puget, WA: has best
ECBM potential and
largest CO2 sources.
• Coos Bay, OR: poor
coal development and
few CO2 sources.
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3.2 Regional DEM
• Data integrated using
ArcView GIS.
• Digital elevation
model (DEM) allows
depth calculation from
structure.
• Evaluate surface topo
for access & costs.
• Infrastructure routes.
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3.3 Evaluation Used Existing Data
Coal Industry Data
Depth
(Feet)
Mud Gas Units Unknown
0
100 200 300 400
Fm 1
0
-
Coal exploration corehole logs and core
-
Proximate analyses
500
1,000
Maceral content
-
Seismic
-
Mining data
Fm 2
-
1,500
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Fm 3
Oil & Gas Industry Data
2,500
-
Well logs (poor resolution for coal; coal core rare)
-
Mud/Gas logs
-
Vitrinite reflectance
-
Seismic (more common, better quality than coal industry)
-
Drilling records
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JAF01525.CDR
2,000
3.4 Central WA : Coal Stratigraphy
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• Coal mainly occurs in Eocene Skookumchuck, Spiketon, &
Carbonado members of Cowlitz Fm. Advanced Resources International
3.5 Bellingham, WA
• Medium-sized coal
deposit in extreme
NW Wash.
• Distant from CO2
sources but on
pipeline routes.
• Minimal CBM
exploration to date.
• Geology favorable but
poor data control.
• Low priority area for
ECBM.
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3.6 Central WA
Kanaskat
Carbonado
Centralia
• Favorable geology
and reservoir
conditions.
• CBM testing has
focussed here, thus
good data control.
• Close to large CO2
sources.
• Best area: See
Section 5.0 for details.
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3.7 Coos Bay, OR
• Small and isolated
coal deposit on OR
coast.
• Located far from CO2
sources.
• Minimal CBM
exploration to date.
• Poor data control.
• Low priority area for
ECBM.
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4.0 CO2
Sequestration
Potential
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4.1 CH4 Sorption Isotherms (WA & CAN)
Methane Adsorption Isotherms by Coal Rank (DAF)
CH4 Adsorption Isotherm (scf/ton)
900
800
Ro = 1.95
700
600
Ro = 1.31
500
400
Ro = 0.88
300
Ro = 0.46
200
Horseshoe Canyon
Sable River
Sheriff
100
Wolf Mtn
Mist Mtn - SE
Bennet Dam
Telkwa
Mist Mtn - NE
Canmore
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Pressure (psi)
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• Sorptive capacity increases directly with coal rank.
• Data from El Paso pilot & nearby British
Colombia coals.
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4.2 CO2 Sorption Isotherms (WA & CAN)
Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Isotherm by Coal Rank (DAF)
1400
CO2 Adsorption Isotherm (scf/ton)
Ro = 1.95
1200
Ro = 1.31
1000
Ro = 0.88
Ro = 0.46
800
600
Horseshoe Canyon
Sable River
Sheriff
400
Wolf Mtn
Mist Mtn - SE
Bennet Dam
Telkwa
Mist Mtn - NE
Canmore
200
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Pressure (psi)
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• CO2 sorptive capacity nearly 2X that of CH4.
• Data mainly from British Colombia coals.
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4.3 CO2 & CH4 Isotherm Rank-Adjusted
Methane Adsorption Isotherms by Coal Rank (DAF)
Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Isotherm by Coal Rank (DAF)
900
1400
CO2 Adsorption Isotherm (scf/ton)
CH4 Adsorption Isotherm (scf/ton)
Ro = 1.95
800
Ro = 1.95
700
600
Ro = 1.31
500
400
Ro = 0.88
300
Ro = 0.46
200
Horseshoe Canyon
Sable River
Sheriff
100
Wolf Mtn
Mist Mtn - SE
Bennet Dam
Telkwa
Mist Mtn - NE
Canmore
0
1200
Ro = 1.31
1000
Ro = 0.88
Ro = 0.46
800
600
Horseshoe Canyon
Sable River
Sheriff
400
200
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0
200
400
600
Pressure (psi)
800
1000
1200
1400
Pressure (psi)
CO2 Relationship
CH4 Relationship
1600
1000
CO2 Isotherm (scf/T)
900
y =402.68x + 114.77
CH4 Isotherm (scf/T)
Telkwa
Mist Mtn - NE
Canmore
0
0
800
700
vL
600
pL
500
Linear (vL)
Linear (pL)
400
300
y =-167.79x + 577.18
200
100
0
1400
1200
y = 164.43x
+ 1099.4
vL
pL
Linear (vL)
Linear (pL)
1000
800
600
400
200
y = -251.68x + 615.77
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
Vr
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Wolf Mtn
Mist Mtn - SE
Bennet Dam
2
2.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Vr
• Linear correlation allows VL & PL adjusted by rank.
• Improved estimate of CO2 storage capacity.
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5.0
CO2-ECBM
Potential
Demonstration
Site at Centralia
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5.1 Centralia PP
• TransAlta’s Centralia
power plant near
Tacoma & Seattle.
• Near coal fields with
CBM testing data.
• 1.3 Bcfd gas pipeline.
• 1,404-MW coal-fired
(1971-2). New 248MW gas-fired CCGT
(2002).
• 10.5 mt CO2
emissions in 2002.
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5.2 Central WA
• Favorable coal rank:
sub-bituminous in the
W to anthracite in E.
• El Paso Production
CBM pilot tested good
permeability (5 md) in
coals undersaturated
with methane.
• ARI still computing
CO2 sequestration
capacity, but likely
more than adequate
for Centralia plant.
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5.3 Central WA
Coal Thickness
• Duncan Oil #3 well,
Pierce County (2818N-6E) completed
in 2000.
• Multiple coal seams
dispersed over
3,000 ft
stratigraphic
interval.
• CBM well can only
complete 5-6 seams
using 3-4 fracs.
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5.4 Central WA
Coal Thickness
• Penetrated 19 individual coal
seams, up to 10 ft thick each.
• 100 ft thick in total is quite
favorable.
• But steeply dipping (15-80º).
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Seattle
5.5 Next Steps
• Complete overall
NW ECBM
evaluation.
Tacoma
Northwest
Pipeline Corp
1.3 Bcfd
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Centralia Power
Plant
9,400,800 MWh
2002 Emissions:
10.5 mt CO2
El Paso
Petroleum
CBM pilots
• Consider more
detailed study of
Centralia site for
deep coal
sequestration.
• One of the best
options for CO2
storage in the
Northwest.
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