Transcript Additives for Food Grade Lubricants

Ciba Specialty Chemicals
PROTECTION
Additives for
Food Grade Lubricants
Dr. Tassilo Habereder; Eric Nehls
Pictures: HygieniCon
Additives for Food grade Lubricants, Ciba SC, Nov. 2007, page: 1
Content
 Food Grade Lubricants’ requirements
 Classification
 Critical Control Points
 Base fluids
 Additives with FDA-approval
 Applications and Formulation recommendations
Additives for Food grade Lubricants, Ciba SC, Nov. 2007, page: 2
Food grade lubricants
Lubricants, which are needed by food, beverage and
pharmaceutical producers have to meet special requirements:
 Technical requirements:
 national und international norms
 Specification from the end-user
 OEM specifications
 Hygienic requirements:
 lowest impact on living organisms
 no impact on taste or odor
 Legal requirements
 NSF positive list (former USDA)
 FDA approval (acc. to 21CFR 178.3570)
 ISO 21469: “Lubes with incidental product contact”
Picture: www.kba-metronic.com
Additives for Food grade Lubricants, Ciba SC, Nov. 2007, page: 3
Legal requirements
NSF = National Sanitation Foundation
NSF started 1999 with the listing and registration for “Nonfood Compounds”.
Providing a product approval process (Up-to-date, web-based listing)
Classification for Lubricants and additives:
 H1
 H2
 H3
Lubricants with incidental contact
Lubricants with no contact
Soluble oils
 HX-1
 HX-2
 HX-3
Additives for H1 lubricants
Additives for H2 lubricants
Additives for H3 lubricants
 Positive List for „Food Grade“ additives
Link:
http://www.nsf.org/usda/psnclistings.asp
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Food grade lubricants
In the food producing industry generally 2 types of lubricants are used
(as classified by National Sanitation Foundation (NSF)
H1 - lubricants
Food grade lubricant, containing only ingredients which are
mentioned on an list of allowed substances issued by the Food and
Drug Administration (FDA).
The lubricant is suitable for an incidental, technically unavoidable
contact with the food product.
H2 - lubricants
Food grade lubricant, which does not contain ingredients mentioned
on a negative list issued from the USDA. Suitable for use in food an
pharmaceutical industries provided that a contact with the food
product is absolutely impossible
Additives for Food grade Lubricants, Ciba SC, Nov. 2007, page: 5
NSF Positive List for HX-1 Additives
 Suitable additives can be
selected. New or modified
formulations have to be
registered
 Registration of lubricant is
simplified when only using
NSF-listed additives.
 The maximum treat rate is
noted.
 The trade name of the
additives are noted.
 No technical guidance is
given.
Additives for Food grade Lubricants, Ciba SC, Nov. 2007, page: 6
HACCP – Hazard analysis of critical control points
1. Does the process step include a hazard?
Yes
No CCP
No
2. Does a control measurement exist?
No
Yes
Is a safety control necessary?
Yes
Modification of
the process or
product
required
3. Is a control necessary to avoid any hazard for the end user
Yes
CCP
No
No CCP
Additives for Food grade Lubricants, Ciba SC, Nov. 2007, page: 7
HACCP – Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points

Typically the result of a HACCP is
that a production site has critical
control points and points where
no further action would be
required

For critical processes, usage of
H-1 lubricants is mandatory

For non-critical processes, usage
of H-2 lubricants is possible

It has to be ensured that for
critical processes a mix-up of H1
and H2 fluids is impossible
Additives for Food grade Lubricants, Ciba SC, Nov. 2007, page: 8
Base Fluids for food grade lubricants
White oil
Polyalphaolefins
 Toxicity is still not fully evaluated
 Different crude oil qualities can
cause a different additive response
 No multi grade performance
 Weak low temperature
performance
 Only available in viscosity grades
ISO VG 15 und ISO VG 68
 cheap
 Good additive solubility

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Defined starting material (Decen)
Well defined molecules
Good performance
High viscosity index
Good low and high temperature
Performance
 Available in different viscosity grades
 Expensive base fluid
An increasing number of Esters und Polyglycols are FDA approved. It is
expected to see a trend towards these base fluids in future.
Additives for Food grade Lubricants, Ciba SC, Nov. 2007, page: 9
Available FDA-approved additives
Examples for FDA-approved additives
maximum allowed treat rate
Antioxidants
Liquid alkylated di-phenylamine (aminic antioxidant)
0.5 %
Various high molecular weight phenolic antioxidants
0.5 % each
High mol. weight phenolic antioxidant with thioether group
0.5 %
Liquid di-alpha-tocopherol (Vitamine E)
no limit (GRAS cleared)
Blends of phenolic and aminic antioxidants
0.5 – 0.7 %
Corrosion inhibitors/Metal Deactivators
Liquid Imidazoline Derivative
0.5 %
Liquid N-oleyl sarcosine
0.5 %
Di-Sodium Sebacate (for greases)
2.0 %
Liquid tolutriazole derivative
0.1 %
Extreme Pressure / Antiwear Additives
Liquid Amine phoshate
0.5 %
Various Triphenyl Phophorothionates
0.5 % each
Liquid Di-N-Octyl Phophite
0.5 %
Additives for Food grade Lubricants, Ciba SC, Nov. 2007, page: 10
Applications

Depending on the application and the specifications different
fluids and formulations are necessary

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Hydraulic oils
Gear oils
Chain oils
Compressor oils
Oils for vacuum pumps
Heat transfer fluids
Greases
Further differentiation possible via
 Kosher-grade
 Halal-grade
 …
Additives for Food grade Lubricants, Ciba SC, Nov. 2007, page: 11
General formulation strategies
 Selection of a suitable base fluid
 Think about mixtures such as PAO and Esters in order to benefit
from the various advantages
 PAO and white oils can have limited additive solubility
 Carefully check the additive solubility in the selected base fluid
 The maximum treat rate of an additive is limited by the FDA approval
 sometimes additives with a similar profiles have to be used to
achieve the performance while staying within the allowed limits
 Additives can have synergistic and antagonistic effects.
 Typically corrosion inhibitors and anti-wear additives have to be
balanced.
 The formulation has to be checked carefully
 The final formulation has to be tested (lab scale and ideally in the field).
Additives for Food grade Lubricants, Ciba SC, Nov. 2007, page: 12
Starting formulation for greases:
Additive
type
treat rate
treat rate
Alkylated DPA
AO
0.50
0.50
Phenolic AO with Thioether
AO
0.40
0.20
Phenolic AO
AO
0.40
0.20
Tolutriazole derivative
MD
0.10
0.10
Amine Phosphate
AW
0.20
0.20
Liquid TPPT
AW
Solid TPPT
AW
0.50
N-Oleyl Sarcosine
CI
0.50
0.20
Imidazoline Derivative
CI
0.50
0.20
Thickener System
Thickener
2-20%
2-20%
Ester
base fluid
balance
PAO or white oil
base fluid
0.50
balance
 Note: Amine Phosphates can react with soap thickener
influencing the rheology. This has to be carefully checked.
Additives for Food grade Lubricants, Ciba SC, Nov. 2007, page: 13
Starting formulation for low temp. applications
Additive
type
Blend of ADPA and phenolic AO’s
AO
0.3-0.5
Tolutriazole Derivative
MD
0.050
Amine Phosphate
AW
0.100
N-Oleyl Sarcosine
CI
0.050
PAO or white oil
base fluid
treat rate
balance
 Such a formulation would be suitable for circulating oils, providing a
good metal protection and a good anti-wear performance
 The low treat rate of antioxidants and typically the use of a white oil
as a base fluid would limit the use for high temperature applications
Additives for Food grade Lubricants, Ciba SC, Nov. 2007, page: 14
Ciba Specialty Chemicals
PROTECTION
Ciba’ s food approved additives
take care about your lubricant
Picture: www.alf-mb.bayern.de )
Additives for Food grade Lubricants, Ciba SC, Nov. 2007, page: 15