Transcript Texas Regional Community Policing Institute…

Fear Reduction
Presented By
TEXAS REGIONAL
COMMUNITY POLICING
INSTITUTE
Training Overview
 Instructor
 Student
Introduction
Introduction
Goals of Presentation
First: placing the fear of terrorism
in perspective, and
 Secondly: developing a plan of
action; Including risk assessment
of the community, a review of local
planning and the process for plan
development.
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Performance Objectives
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What is terrorism and what do terrorists
want
Terrorism risk (group exercise)
Personal Disaster plan worksheet
Community Vulnerability Assessment
Review of Local emergency
management plans
Disaster Supply Kit (group exercise),
Performance Objectives
continued
Overview of Terrorism 101-an
attack and response to the attack
 Town Hall meetings and
presentations….
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What Is Terrorism
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The unlawful use of force or
violence against persons or
property to intimidate or coerce a
government, the civilian
population, or any segment
thereof, in furtherance of political
or social objectives.
Elements Of Terrorism
A violation of criminal law
 The use or threat of violence
 The use of intimidation or
coercion.
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What Do Terrorists Want
Public fear
 Publicity
 For the public to think that their
government is powerless.
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What Do Terrorists Do?
Deploy and activate bombs
 Possess and use weapons
 Commit arsons
 Commit burglaries
 Commit thefts
 Involved in fraud and money
laundering
 Commit vandalism,
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What Do Terrorists Do?
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Commit murders and assaults
Commit extortion
Commit kidnapping
Hijack airlines
Commit cyber attacks
Use biological and chemical weapons
Commit assorted interstate
violations….
Terrorism Risk
group exercise
Each card has a cause of
premature death
 Rank order them from most to
least likely
 Old age is not one of the causes.
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Participate ranking, and
 Civilian ranking
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Terrorism Risk
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rank ordering
1. Cancer
2. Heart disease
3. Prenatal diseases and birth defects
4. Automobile accidents
5. Suicide
6. Homicide
7. AIDS
8. Poisoning
9. Drowning
10. Terrorism.
Fear Model
Real risks
News media
Perceived Risks
Memorable
Imaginable
FEAR
Distorted Information
More Fear
no
no
FEAR
yes
Can I take
action to
reduce risks?
yes
Less Fear
Will it work?
Terrorism Risk
civilian issues
Generally citizens overestimate
the threat of homicide and
terrorism
 Citizens overestimate (or
underestimate) automobile
accidents and AIDS
 Citizens underestimate poisoning,
heart disease and cancer.
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Terrorism Risk
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facts
During the worst year of terrorism in
American History (9/11/01), only 2
percent as many years of life were lost
to terrorist attacks than to cancer
 During the last ten years, Israel has had
the worst terrorism problem. However,
more Israelis died swimming in the
Mediterranean or their backyard pools
in the last ten years than in terrorists
attacks….
Personal Disaster Plan
Fact: In 1996 a National survey
said that 72% of Americans did not
feel as though weapons of mass
destruction could be used on the
United States and 66% were not
much worried that terrorists would
attack in a public place
 Needless to say, that belief has
changed.
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Personal Disaster Plan
(citizen response)
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Question: Imagine a citizen walking
down the street and a car bomb goes
off one-half block behind them. They
are not hurt, but had they been walking
a little slower or running a little bit later,
it might have gone off right in front of
them.
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How would they respond to this
incident?.
Personal Disaster Plan (citizen response?)
Shock, stunned, confused and
disoriented
 Panicky and fearful
 Withdrawn, uncommunicative
 Nervous, unable to sit still
 Angry, hostile
 In denial.
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Personal Disaster Plan (not their response)
Sharp
 Clever
 Patient
 Careful
 Logical
 In control.
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Personal Disaster Plan
Question: Why aren’t citizens sharp,
patient and logical after a car bomb?
 Answer: The incident causes their brain
chemistry to change
 Question: Why do most police officers
respond more effectively to these types
of incidents?
 Answer: Training.
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Personal Disaster Plan
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(worksheet)
The Disaster Plan Worksheet will
help to train your citizens to be
better prepared to respond to
emergencies of all types….
Community Vulnerability
Assessment
– Which targets in your respective
communities are at greatest risk
of attack?
– Ponder this thought while we
discuss this section.
Community Vulnerability
Assessment
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What types of terrorist organizations
are there and who are you most
threatened by?
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Ponder this thought as well.
Community Vulnerability
Assessment (types of organizations)
 Foreign
Terrorists: Their intent
is to cause broad social
change which include political,
religious and racial/ethnic
views and beliefs.
Community Vulnerability
Assessment (types of organizations)
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Foreign Terrorists: Al Qaida,
Islamic Jihad and the like are
interested in targets that are high
profile cultural symbols. They
believe that there should be a
single, religious-oriented nation of
all Muslims. And, they like to
maximize the body count.
Community Vulnerability
Assessment (types of organizations)
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Domestic Terrorists: Included in this
group are the “special interest”
terrorists, which focus on such
things as environmental issues,
animal rights, and anti-abortion. As
well are there groups that fight
against State and Federal
governments and groups that have
religious or racial cause.
Community Vulnerability
Assessment (types of organizations)
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Special Interest groups: The environmental
Liberation Front (ELF), spike trees to prevent
them from being chain-sawed; they sabotage
construction equipment and set fire to the
facilities of their political opponents. The
Animal Liberation Front (ALF), attack animal
labs, fur manufacturers, etc. Pro-life terrorists,
like the Army of God, fire bomb abortion
clinics and planned parenthood offices.
Community Vulnerability
Assessment (types of organizations)
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Most political terrorism is from the far rightmilitias and anarchists like Posse Comitatus,
or individuals like Timothy McVeigh. While
others like the Branch Davidians, Aryan Nation
and Christian Patriots are based on religious
and racial beliefs, they now actively share a
right-wing ideology, which target government
buildings, IRS processing centers,
newspapers, etc.
Community Vulnerability
Assessment (type of organizations)
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Racial Separatists (IE.:Aryan Nation,
Christian Patriots) wrap a broad political
agenda around their white supremacist
beliefs, but focus attention mostly on
the Satanic conspiracy of bankers and
Jews. So banks and synagogues are
obviously a part of their target list.
Community Vulnerability
Assessment (FBI’s Five-Point scale)
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Known to operate in the jurisdiction (1-point)
Engaged in terrorist activity in the past (1point)
Has announced terrorist intentions (2-points)
Has capacity to acquire, store, deliver WMD
(2-points)
Has chosen specific targets (4-points).
Community Vulnerability
Assessment (identifying your targets)
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Lets go back to the very first slide
in this section…It said- Which
targets in your respective
communities are at greatest risk of
attack?
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What are they?.
Community Vulnerability
Assessment (potential community targets)
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Jail, courthouse, other law enforcement
Federal buildings, Military complexes
Airport, railroads, roadways
Shopping malls, tourist attractions
Schools and stadiums
Electric power plants
Water and sewer plants
Other.
Community Vulnerability
Assessment (assessment factors)
Visibility
 Criticality
 Political value
 Access
 Presence of hazardous materials
 Site population capacity
 Potential for collateral casualties.
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Community Vulnerability
Assessment (rating the site)
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In each of the seven categories, assign
from 0-5 points identifying the
vulnerability of the site, with a
maximum of 35 points for each site
 Depending on the rating, this will
determine the vulnerability of the site,
your need for concern, and what level
of crime prevention tactics you may
need to employ….
Local Emergency Management
Plan
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Your jurisdiction is operating under your
individual plan, or under the County plan in
which your jurisdiction falls within
 Annex V, Terrorist Incident Response, is
already in existence and assurances should
be made to make certain that it is up-to-date
 Annex P, Hazard Mitigation, is a new annex
and requires significant research and
documentation of all property and
infrastructure costs within a jurisdiction. It
identifies your Mitigation Action Plan (MAP).
Local Emergency Management
Plan (current resources)
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FEMA
TDEM
TEEX
U.S. Department Homeland Security
Port Authorities
Hospitals
Schools/universities
Airports
Utility departments and companies.
Local Emergency Management
Plan (Austin, Texas Model)
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Civil Defense Battalion
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http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/police/civildb.
htm
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This plan consist of four companies of
volunteers to handle special tasks, thus
freeing officers for other work.
Local Emergency Management
Plan (Austin Model)
Company “A”(Aviation Detail)
 Assigned to the Aviation Police
 Information dissemination to
airport visitors
 Assist in getting housing and/or
transportation for stranded
passengers in the event of a crisis
or a closure of the airport.
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Local Emergency Management
Plan (Austin Model)
Company “B” (Homeland Security
supplemental Services)
 Daylight perimeter of City facilities
 Parking and building access
control for City facilities
 Assist with special events
 Daylight patrol in areas with
multiple offenses of similar type.
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Local Emergency Management
Plan (Austin Model)
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Company “C” (Headquarters Detail)
Greet visitors at main police station
Tagging abandoned/junked vehicles
Answering phones and providing
information
Make copies and distribute
information as needed.
Local Emergency Management
Plan (Austin Model)
Company “D” (Homeland Security)
 Former police officer may receive
special assignments
 Activate phone tree to call in
volunteers and provide
information to the community
 Supplement 3-1-1 call takers and
provide information
 And, 9 other duties….
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Disaster Supply Kit
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These are items that FEMA and the
American Red Cross have determined
should go into such a supply kit.
 The idea is that this kit is packed and
ready to immediately go in the event of
a disaster or other type of evacuation
 Review the list and determine ten
things that you don’t have. Where will
you go hand get them?….
Terrorism 101
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The purpose of this overview is to
reacquaint you with some of the
possible weapons and how your
citizens should respond to them. This
information will make it possible for
you to have a 5-30 minute conversation
with a concerned citizen, providing
them with information that allows them
to be better prepared.
Terrorism 101
Chemical
 Biological
 Radiological
 Nuclear
 Explosive
(categories of weapons)
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(CBRNE)
 (B-NICE-included incendiaries-now excluded).
Terrorism 101
Nerve
 Blister
 Blood
 Choking
 Irritants.
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(chemical)
Terrorism 101
(chemical-route of exposure)
All are distributed as a gas or mist
 Inhalation is the primary route,
however ingestion and skin
contact is possible
 N95 masks should filter these out.
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Terrorism 101
(nerve agents)
Example- sarin gas (Tokyo subway)
 Disrupt nerve transmissions
 Causes uncontrolled drooling,
muscle spasms and paralysis
 Usually it is colorless and odorless
 Kills small animals and insects
(warning).
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Terrorism 101
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(blister agents)
Example-mustard gas (used by
Germans WWI)
Causes blisters, eye irritation and
breathing trouble
May smell like mustard, garlic or onions
Highly persistent-will penetrate clothing
and stay on wood, leather, rubber and
paint
It can take up to 24-hrs to show itself
It can stay active in soil for years.
Terrorism 101
(blood agents)
Example-cyanide gas
 Interferes with the ability of blood
to transport oxygen
 Kills through asphyxiation
 Smells like burnt almonds, peach
kernels
 Extremely toxic and fast-acting.
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Terrorism 101
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(choking agents)
Example-chlorine gas (water treatment)
Causes fluid in the lungs
Kills through asphyxiation
Smells like chlorine
Highly toxic
Small amounts over a long period of
time can have the same effect as a big
exposure.
Terrorism 101
(irritants)
Example-mace, tear gas, pepper
spray
 Causes tearing and pain to the
skin
 Toxic, but not lethal.
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Terrorism 101
(biological weapons)
Anthrax (spores- not contagious)
 Cholera (bacteria-not contagious)
 Plague (bacteria-highly contagious)
 Botulism (toxin-not contagious)
 Ebola (virus-highly contagious)
 Smallpox (virus-highly contagious).
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Terrorism 101
(biological-exposure routes)
Inhalation
 Ingestion
 Skin absorption
 Onset- hours to weeks
 Many can be treated with ordinary
prescription drugs.
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Terrorism 101
 Nuclear
 Dirty
(radiological and nuclear)
bomb (least likely)
bomb (most likely).
Terrorism 101
(nuclear bomb)
Releases enormous amounts of
toxic radiation
 Incredibly difficult to construct and
requires plutonium
 Would require a very well funded
terrorist organization.
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Terrorism 101
(dirty bombs)
This is the release of radioactive
material into the air
 Can either be by way of a bomb
(not nuclear), or simply releasing
radioactive material into the air or
surroundings.
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Terrorism 101
(radiation-routes of exposure)
Gamma rays (most dangerous),
stopped by lead or concrete and
causes radiation sickness.
 Alpha particles- can be eaten or
inhaled and cause internal damage
 Beta particles- burns.
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Terrorism 101
(explosives)
90% of the attacks worldwide
 Biggest threat for the future
 Can contain a secondary device
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(minutes or hours after the initial explosion)
Often there is no warning
 Bomb threats are generally hoaxes
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(about 4% are real)….
Town Hall Meetings and
Presentations
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Primary Rule: Terrorism 101 is great
knowledge for you to have should
someone ask a question. However, your
presentations should not focus so
much on those types of things, rather
show citizens what they can do to help
themselves. To much “terrorist” talk
can sometimes create more stress for
them, instead of reducing their fear,
which is what our objective is.
Town Hall Meeting and
Presentations (presentation content)
Introduction
 Review of Local Emergency Plan
 Discuss how they can protect
themselves and their family
 Question and Answer period.
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Town Hall Meetings and
Presentations (introduction)
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This should take 1-3 minutes
 Obviously you will introduce yourself,
your affiliation, your departmental role
and a few nice words on behalf of your
Chief Executive Officer
 Explain the three parts of the rest of the
presentation that will be discussed over
the next 20-30minutes.
Town Hall Meetings and
Presentations (local EM plan)
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This should take 5 minutes
 Remember that only about 50% of the
public believe that we are prepared
 Explain the law regarding mandated
plans
 Briefly talk about Annex V, Terrorist
Incident Response and Annex P, Hazard
Mitigation.
Town Hall Meetings and
Presentations (protecting themselves/family)
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This should take 5-7 minutes
Hand-out the Personal Disaster Plan, and the
Disaster Supply Kit forms
Explain that FEMA and the American Red
Cross recommend these documents
Emphasis that these concepts are good for
any disaster or evacuation
Remember-this is a concrete way to make your
citizens feel safer and actively take a part in
preparedness.
Town Hall Meetings and
Presentations (question and answer)
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This should take 10-15 minutes
Because we don’t know what the questions
will be, this is when your knowledge of today’s
lesson might come in handy
Try to keep your discussions on local matters,
instead of focusing on events around the
world
Remember-sometimes the more detailed your
information is, the more fearful your audience
will become….
Thank you
Terry Lucas
 Captain of Operations
 Alvin, Texas Police Department
 (281)585-7107
 [email protected]
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