Transcript PowerPoint Presentation - Khoisan Area Instruments

Khoisan Area
Instruments
Khoisan Area

Population Density
(1979)

Khoisan Area
2001
Instrument Categories

Wind


String


Horns, penny whistle
Cacoxe, Serankure, Musical bow
Percussion

bell, hungu, mukupela, puita, saxi, thumb
piano, Ngoma, Sanza, singing
Wind – Khoisan Area
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Horns
Vandumbu
soft wood trumpet
covered with
matted fibres
Mjemboerose
antelope's horn with a
resonator greased
with beeswax

Penny Whistle
or tin flute is played in a local style with an
unusual oblique positioning of the lips and
tongue blowing over the end of the flute
String – Khoisan Area
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Cacoxe

Serankure
This is a monochord bowed trough zither.
They would have originally been stringed
with sinew, wire is now used, and have
calabash or ostrich shell resonators
String – Khoisan Area
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Musical Bow
A bow-shaped chordophone made of wood
and string.
Percussion – Khoisan Area
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Bell
Clochas, otherwise known as double-bells are
one of the traditional instruments of Angola
which were made by the musicians
themselves.

Hungu
The Hungu, also known as the
Mbulumbumba, can best be described as an
ancestor to the Brazilian berimbau.
A small stick is used to strike the string of
the bow which vibrates and is amplified by a
gourd held against the stomach.
Percussion – Khoisan Area
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Mukupela

Puita
Kwita, Mpwita (friction drum).
The drum's membrane is pierced once or
twice to allow a wooden rod or cord (made of
horsehair) or leather thong to pass back and
forth. The membrane vibrates and produces
a sound which can be modulated by
controlling the pressure.
Percussion – Khoisan Area
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Saxi
Known commonly as maracas made from
maboque with dry seeds (or glassbeads in
recent times) that are placed inside via a few
small holes. The Bavugu is based on the
movement of compressed air. Three greased
gourds are played using the hand over one of
the holes, while the other is open and closed
by pressing it against the thigh. It's used by
the Kung people.

Thumb Piano
Kisanji. Thumb pianos are often played at
significant occasions –
worship, funeral dirges
(komba di tokwa),
spiritual songs,
the arrival of rain
and so on. There
are a variety of
rhythms used in
the music: Kabetula;
Kilaphanga; Kaduque;
semba (rebita)
and makinu.
Percussion – Khoisan Area

Ngoma
Ngoma is the general name for drum
in Bantu language. Its form is
generally conical or cylindrical, and
can be played as an individual
instrument or in an ensemble sometimes with more than 25 players.
Also used in the KwaZulu area are
Zion drums and Zulu Hide drums
which are hand drums covered in kudu
hide.
Percussion – Khoisan Area

Sanza
Sanza and mbira are the most
widespread.
Composed of a series of flexible
tongues of uneven length, made of
metal or bamboo, fixed to a wooden
plate or trapezoid sound-box. The
musician holds the instrument in both
hands and uses the thumbs to pluck
the slightly upturned free end of the
lamellae.
Percussion – Khoisan Area

Singing
"Singing makes all the sad people
happy because it is the voice of
happiness". (Zulu saying)
The singing styles of South Africa
and the Zulu people are worthy of
special mention. Like much of
Africa, music is considered the
"food of life”. This enables the
communication of emotions and
situations which could not be
made by talking.
Ladysmith Black Mambazo
Khoisan Area
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“Some fought in the
field. I fought my
battle singing.”
Miriam Makeba
“Mama Africa”
singer
exiled 30 years
http://www.music.org.za/artists/makeba.htm
Khoisan Area
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“ We sang, to build
our spirit, to build our
courage. I couldn’t
sing to save my life.
But I would sing to
save my country.”
Sifso Ntuli
activist
http://www.amandla.com/heroes/index.php
Khoisan Area

“Without music, our struggle would have been
a great deal longer, a great deal bloodier, and
perhaps not even succesful.”
Archbishop Desmond Tutu
http://www.tutu.org/