Transcript 주요 E1 설명 - Tistory

E1 에러/알람 분석
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Page 1
No signal
최상위 알람
정의 :
31 이상의 연속신호 기간동안 펄스가 없는 경우
또는
신호 레벨이 40dB 이하 일때.
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Page 2
Line
Terminatio
n
PCM31 프레임
Codec
s
Multiplexer
Line
Terminatio
n
32 타임 슬롯
0
타임 슬롯 1 ~ 31
음성 채널 1 ~ 31
일반적인 CCS
프레임 동기
Common
Channel
Signalling
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Line
Terminatio
n
PCM30 프레임
Codec
s
Multiplexer
Line
Terminatio
n
32 타임 슬롯
0
타임 슬롯 1 ~ 15
16
타임 슬롯 17 ~ 31
음성 채널 1 ~ 15
프레임 동기
음성 채널 16 ~ 30
시그널링
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Line
Terminatio
n
프레임 동기
Codec
s
Multiplexer
Line
Terminatio
n
Time
타임 슬롯 1 ~
31 slots 17 to 31
0
8 bits
프레임 동기 신호
Frame Alignment Signal
(FAS)
비 동기 프레임 신호
Not Frame Alignment
Signal (NFAS)
X 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
짝수 번째 FAS
X 1 A Sa4 Sa5 Sa6 Sa7 Sa8
홀수 번째 NFAS
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Page 5
AIS
Alarm Indication Signal
권고 ITU-T 정의 :
512 비트 블록에서 AIS 가 감지 될 때
10011011
FAS
TS16 - 1111 1111
All slots contain 11111111
NFAS
11111111
TS16 - 1111 1111
Worst condition in PCM30 but there are still three 0’s
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Page 6
FAS 에러
0
타임 슬롯 1 ~ 15
16
타임 슬롯 17 ~ 31
8 bits
Frame Alignment Signal
(FAS)
X 0 0 1 1 1 1 1
FAS in even frames
Not Frame Alignment
Signal (NFAS)
X 1 A Sa4 Sa5 Sa6 Sa7 Sa8
NFAS in odd frames
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Line
Terminatio
n
프레임 동기
Codec
s
Multiplexer
Line
Terminatio
n
Frame
Sync
Loss
2.408Mbit/s
비트
FAS
+ 250 bits
0011011
X 1 A Sa4Sa5Sa6Sa7Sa8
+ 255 bits
NFAS bit 2
FAS
0011011
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Page 8
원격 프레임 알람
Distant Frame Alarm
MUX A
MUX B
Forward
AIS
ALL 1’S
Backward
1
NFAS = 11011111
원격 알람
Remote or Distant
Alarm
0 = 정상
NFAS
X 1 A Sa4Sa5Sa6Sa7Sa8
설정 1
만약
BER >1x 10-3
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시그널링 프레임
Line
Terminatio
n
Codec
s
Multiplexer
Line
Terminatio
n
프레임 0
0
16
31
0 0 0 0 1 Y 1 1
Multiframe Alignment
Signal MFAS
distant
multiframe
alarm
Not Multiframe Alignment
Signal NMFAS
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Page 10
Line
Terminatio
n
PCM30C & 31C
Codec
s
Multiplexer
Line
Terminatio
n
0
타임 슬롯 1 ~ 15
16
타임 슬롯 17 ~ 31
CRC 체크 비트 (나머지)
8 bits
Frame Alignment
Signal (FAS)
X
C 0 0 1 1 0 1 1
CRC 다중 배열 신호
001011
Not Frame Alignment
Signal (NFAS)
X 1 A Sa4Sa5Sa6Sa7Sa8
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Line
Terminatio
n
CRC 다중 프레임
Sub-multiframe
(SMF)
I
II
Codec
s
Multiplexer
Line
Terminatio
n
Bits 1 to 8 of the frame
Frame
number
1
0
C1
1
0
2
C2
3
0
4
C3
5
1
6
C4
7
0
8
C1
9
1
10
C2
11
1
12
C3
13
E
14
C4
15
E
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
FAS
1
A
Sn
Sn
FAS
1
A
Sn
Sn
FAS
1
A
Sn
Sn
FAS
1
A
Sn
Sn
FAS
1
A
Sn
Sn
FAS
1
A
Sn
Sn
FAS
1
A
Sn
Sn
FAS
1
A
Sn
Sn
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CRC 에러
Sub-multiframe
(SMF)
I
II
Bits 1 to 8 of the frame
Frame
number
1
0
C1
1
0
2
C2
3
0
4
C3
5
1
6
C4
7
0
8
C1
9
1
10
C2
11
1
12
C3
13
E
14
C4
15
E
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
Sn
A bit error
=
CRC error
FAS
1
A
Sn
Sn
FAS
1
A
Sn
Sn
FAS
1
A
Sn
Sn
FAS
1
A
Sn
Sn
FAS
1
A
Sn
Sn
FAS
1
A
Sn
Sn
If 0 then CRC
error in submultiframe I
and
sub-multiframe II
FAS
1
A
Sn
Sn
FAS
1
A
Sn
Sn
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remote or
distant CRC
errors
Page 13
비트 에러 Bit Error
송신 신호
1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
1
0
수신 신호
1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
1
0
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Page 14
QoS 서비스품질 측정 권고

G.821
 Out-of-service Quality of Service
음성 채널급 (64kbit/s)

G.826


In-service Quality of Service
2Mbit/s 이상
M.2100

Bring-into-service and trend analysis of
existing digital links
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권고 ITU-T G.821
Based on 64kbit/s switched circuits
Uses Bit Error Ratio measurements
Models against a digital HRX
(Hypothetical Reference Connection)
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Digital HRX
T-reference points
27500 km
1250 km
25000 km
1250 km
LE
시내
Local
grade
LE
시외
Medium
grade
국제
High
grade
시외
Medium
grade
시내
Local
grade
HRX = Hypothetical Reference Connection
Page 17
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성능 유형
간격
구간
1초
에러 발생
Severely Errored
Second (SES)
1초
BER >1 x 10-3
unavailable time
Errored Second (ES)
제외
& SES
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Diagram of Error Analysis - G.821
error free
BER >1x10-3
1 second test
interval
BER 1x10-3
10 second
period
secondperiod
period
910second
UNAVAILABLE
TIME
AVAILABLE
TIME
10
second period
9 second
period
AVAILABLE TIME
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Page 19
G.826 과 M.2100
에러 성능 평가 요인 1

에 러 : Anomalies
FAS 에러 또는 CRC-4 에러

알 람 : Defects
No Signal, AIS 또는 Frame Sync Loss

에러 블록 : Errored Block (EB)
하나 이상의 비트 에러 발생한 블럭.

에러 시간 : Errored Second (ES)
하나 이상의 에러 블록이 발생한 시간
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G.826 과 M.2100
에러 성능 평가 요인 2

Severely Errored Second (SES)
1 초 >30% 의 블록 에러 발생.
또는
1 알람 (defect)

Background Block Error (BBE)
SES 이외의 에러 블록.

Unavailable Second (UAS)
SES 로 인해 사용 불가능한 몇 초
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좋음 Pass / 나쁨 Fail 평가
• G.821/G.826:
하나의 기준점 (T).
• M.2100:
2개의 한계치 (S1 &
S2).
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