Transcript Methodology for Selecting & Evaluating Alloys for Critical

Selection of High-Strength
Stainless Steels
Presented at
Materials Science & Technology ‘05
Pittsburgh, PA
Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.
Selection of
High Strength Stainless Steels
Topics:
 What is a high-strength stainless steel?
 Introduction to Carpenter’s high-strength
stainless steels
 The Selectaloy® Method
 Case Studies
The information and data presented herein are typical or average values and are not a guarantee of maximum or
minimum values. Applications specifically suggested for material described herein are made solely for the
purpose of illustration to enable the reader to make his/her own evaluation and are not intended as warranties,
either express or implied, of fitness for these or other purposes.
Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.
What Is A High-Strength Stainless Steel?

UTS > 225 ksi

YS > 200 ksi

Good Tensile Ductility (aim min 10% Elongation)

Good Fracture Toughness ~ 15-5PH Stainless

General Corrosion Resistance ~ AISI 304

Good SCC Resistance
Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.
Nominal Compositions of Carpenter
Precipitation Hardened Stainless Steels
Cr
Ni
Mo
Ti
Cb
Cu
Al
15-5 PH
stainless
Custom
450®
stainless
15.0
4.0
------0.3
3.5
----
14.8
6.5
0.8
---0.6
1.5
----
Carpenter
13-8
stainless
12.7
8.0
2.3
---------1.2
Custom
455®
stainless
11.5
8.5
---1.3
0.3
2.2
----
Custom
465®
stainless
12.0
11.0
1.0
1.7
----------
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KIc v s. Spe cific Stre ngth
140
120
1/2
KIc (ksi in. )
100
A erM et A lloys
®
80
PH - SS
A lloy St eels
60
Ti Alloys
40
20
0
650
750
850
950
1050
1150
1250
Specific Strength (U.T.S./Density)
Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.
Increasing “Damage Tolerance”
“Damage Tolerance” Comparison
AerMet 100
115
Custom 465(H950)
89
4340 Normalized
85
4340 Q&T
70
AerMet 310
65
Ranking based on KIC and Notch
Ductility tests.
Fracture Toughness values
shown in Ksi*in1/2
Custom 455 (H950)
58
4130 Normalized
57
Ti 3/2.5
44
Ti 6/4
39
4130 Q&T
38
7050 T7651
30
Notch Ductile with KIC < 50 Ksi*in1/2
6061 T651
26
7075 T651
23
Notch Brittle Materials
(Notch Tensile/Tensile < 1.0)
2014 T651
17
Stainless Steel
Notch Ductile with KIC > 50 Ksi*in1/2
Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.
Custom 465® stainless

A leading high strength-toughness-corrosion
resistant PH stainless steel

Premium melted, martensitic, age-hardenable
alloy

Good fracture toughness ~ 15-5PH

General corrosion resistance ~ 304 stainless

Good stress corrosion cracking resistance ~
Carpenter 13-8
Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.
U.T.S.
Strength/Toughness/Corrosion Resistance
Comparison PH Stainless Steels
300
Corrosion
Resistance
250
Better
200
150
Nominal
100
50
Lower
0
4
17-
5
15C
om
ust
U.T.S. (ksi)
450
KIC (ksi sq. rt. in.)
8M
13-
o
C
om
ust
General Corrosion
455
C
om
ust
465
Stress Corrosion
Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.
History of the Selectaloy® Method

Simplify material decisions for design
engineers

Show multiple properties and their tradeoffs in
one graphical representation

Compare various industries & applications

Competitor evaluations
Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.
Selectaloy Diagram - Stainless Steels
20Cb-3®
Stainless
Corrosion Resistance
Type
316
®
Type
304
Custom
450
Custom
455
Type
430
Type
431
Trimrite
Type
409Cb
Type
410
Type
420
Custom
465®
Type
440A
Type
440C
Strength
Selectaloy, 20Cb-3, Custom 450, Custom 455, Custom 465 and TrimRite are
registered trademarks of CRS Holdings, Inc., a subsidiary of Carpenter
Technology Corporation. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.
Selectaloy® Diagram - Various Alloys
AerMet
100
Fracture Toughenss
Custom
465
4340
AerMet
310
300M
Ti 6-4
®
Specific Strength (UTS/density)
Selectaloy, Custom 465 and AerMet are registered trademarks of CRS
Holdings, Inc., a subsidiary of Carpenter Technology Corporation.
All rights reserved.
Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.
Case Study - Aerospace

Airframe design utilizes AISI 4340, 15-5PH, Carpenter 13-8

Challenge: Increased loads & maintenance costs

Requirement: higher strength, good toughness, improved or
equivalent corrosion resistance

Solution: Custom 465® stainless

Advantage:
 Weight savings (due to higher strength)
 Lower maintenance costs (stainless properties)
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Case Study - Firearms

Cylinders utilize AISI 410 stainless

Requirement: higher strength, good toughness,
improved or equivalent corrosion resistance

Solution: Custom 465® stainless

Advantages:
 Improved performance/capability
 6-shot verse 5-shot
 Improved strength and toughness
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Case Study - Oil Patch

Mud motor shafts utilize alloy steel

Challenge: Pitting and Cracking

Requirement: higher strength, improved toughness and
improved corrosion resistance

Solution: Custom 465® stainless

Advantage:


minimized downtime/failures (>tripled service life)
lower maintenance costs
Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.
Selectaloy Diagram - Stainless Steels
20Cb-3
Stainless
Corrosion Resistance
Type
316
®
Type
304
Custom
450
Custom
455
Type
430
Type
431
Trimrite
Type
409Cb
Type
410
Type
420
Custom
465
Type
440A
Custom
475
Type
440C
Strength
Selectaloy, 20Cb-3, Custom 450, Custom 455, Custom 465, Custom 475
and TrimRite are registered trademarks of CRS Holdings, Inc., a
subsidiary of Carpenter Technology Corporation. All rights reserved.
Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.
KIc v s. Spe cific Stre ngth
140
100
1/2
KIc (ksi in. )
120
80
A erM et A lloys
PH - SS
A lloy St eels
60
Ti Alloys
40
20
0
650
750
850
950
1050
1150
1250
Specific Strength (U.T.S./Density)
Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.
Selectaloy® Diagram - Stainless Steels
AerMet
100
Fracture Toughenss
Custom
465
4340
AerMet
310
Custom
475
300M
Ti 6-4
®
Specific Strength (UTS/density)
Selectaloy, Custom 465, Custom 475 and AerMet are registered trademarks
of CRS Holdings, Inc., a subsidiary of Carpenter Technology Corporation.
All rights reserved.
Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.
Thank you for your interest in stainless steels. More
information about Carpenter’s products is available on
this website including technical datasheets and articles,
Products, and Product Literature.
To contact Carpenter, call 1-800-654-6543 in the U.S.
or refer to the Contact Us page for the location nearest
you.
Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.