Transcript Methodology for Selecting & Evaluating Alloys for Critical

Selection of Wrought
Age-Hardenable
Superalloys
Carpenter Technology Corporation
September 28, 2005
The information and data presented herein are typical or average values and are not a guarantee of maximum or
minimum values. Applications specifically suggested for material described herein are made solely for the
purpose of illustration to enable the reader to make his/her own evaluation and are not intended as warranties,
either express or implied, of fitness for these or other purposes.
Copyright 2005, CRS Holdings, Inc.
Wrought Age-Hardenable Superalloys
Definitions
 Chemical Compositions
 Applications
 Properties
 Selectaloy® Diagrams
 Relative Alloy Costs
 Cost vs. Properties
 Case Studies

What Are Wrought
Age-Hardenable Superalloys?
Wrought - formed using hot and cold working operations
Age-Hardenable - heat-treatable to high strength levels
Superalloy - an alloy with high mechanical strength and
resistance to surface degradation at high temperatures of
1200°F (650°C) or above
Chemical Composition Ranges of
Age-Hardenable Superalloys
Aluminum
Titanium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Cobalt
(low Cr in controlled-expansion superalloys)
Chromium
Iron
Nickel
0
20
40
60
Composition Ranges (Wt%)
80
Chemical Composition Ranges of
Age-Hardenable Superalloys
Aluminum
Titanium
Niobium
Molybdenum
Nickel base improves high-temperature
stability and strength
Cobalt
Chromium
Iron
Nickel
0
20
40
60
Composition Ranges (Wt%)
80
Chemical Composition Ranges of
Age-Hardenable Superalloys
Aluminum
Titanium
Niobium
Chromium forms protective
surface layer to resist
oxidation and hot corrosion
Molybdenum
Cobalt
Chromium
Iron
Nickel
0
20
40
60
Composition Ranges (Wt%)
80
Chemical Composition Ranges of
Age-Hardenable Superalloys
Aluminum
Titanium
Niobium
Cobalt increases hardener
phase stability and maximum
temperature limit
Molybdenum
Cobalt
Chromium
Iron
Nickel
0
20
40
60
Composition Ranges (Wt%)
80
Chemical Composition Ranges of
Age-Hardenable Superalloys
Aluminum
Titanium
Niobium
Molybdenum increases high
temperature strength and stiffness
Molybdenum
Cobalt
Chromium
Iron
Nickel
0
20
40
60
Composition Ranges (Wt%)
80
Chemical Composition Ranges of
Age-Hardenable Superalloys
Aluminum
Titanium
Niobium
Form primary age-hardening
phases in nickel alloys
Molybdenum
Cobalt
Chromium
Iron
Nickel
0
20
40
60
Composition Ranges (Wt%)
80
Compositions of Age-Hardenable Superalloys
Alloy
C
Cr
Ni
Co
Mo
Ti
Al
Nb
Fe
Pyromet® A-286
0.04
14.5
25
--
1.25
2
0.2
--
Bal
NCF 3015 (Ni-30)
0.04
14.5
31
--
0.7
2.7
1.9
0.7
Bal
Pyromet 706
0.02
16
42
--
--
1.7
0.2
3
Bal
Pyromet 901
0.03
13.5
43
--
6
3
0.2
--
Bal
Pyromet 718
0.04
18.5
53
--
3
1
0.5
5.3
19 max
Pyromet 41
0.07
19
54
11
10
3.2
1.7
--
2 max
Pyromet 720
0.02
16
57
15
3
5
2.5
--
0.5 max
Pyromet 31V
0.04
23
57
--
2
2.3
1.3
0.9
14
Waspaloy
0.04
19
58
13
4.25
3
1.4
--
2 max
Pyromet 751
0.05
15.5
71
--
--
2.4
1.3
1
9 max
Pyromet X-750
0.05
15
72
--
--
2.6
0.75
0.9
9 max
Pyromet 80A
0.07
20
75
--
--
2.4
1.4
--
2 max
Low-Expansion Superalloys (Low Chromium)
Pyromet CTX-909
0.02 0.5 max
37
14
--
1.6
--
5
Bal
Thermo-Span®
0.02
25
29
--
0.9
0.5
5
Bal
5.5
Pyromet and Thermo-Span are registered trademarks of CRS Holdings, Inc.
Applications

Gas Turbine Engines

Internal Combustion Engines

Petrochemical & Energy Production

Hot Working Tools and Dies
What Properties are Important?
Tensile
 Creep and Stress-Rupture
 Fatigue and Crack Growth
 Toughness
 Oxidation and Corrosion Resistance
 Wear/Erosion
 Physical (expansion, conductivity)

Other properties may be critical depending on the
application.
Elevated Temperature Strength of
Superalloys vs. Other Alloys
Yield Strength at 1200°F
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
304
309/310
Ni-Cr-Fe
HS SS
Ti-6-4
Super
12Cr
H13
Superalloy
Tensile Properties of Age-Hardenable Superalloys
MPa
1205
0.2% Yield Strength (ksi)
175
1035
150
125
860
718
41
690
100
X-750
Waspaloy
75
515
80A
50
345
A-286
25
1100
75
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
(650)
(705)
(760)
(815)
(870)
Test Temperature-°F (°C)
1700
Stress-Rupture Properties of Age-Hardenable Superalloys
120
Stress for 1000-hour Life (ksi)
MPa
100
41
690
Waspaloy
80
60
550
718
X-750
80A
415
A-286
40
275
20
138
0
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
(650)
(705)
(760)
(815)
(870)
Test Temperature-°F (°C)
1700
TENSILE YIELD STRENGTH
Age-Hardenable Superalloy Selectaloy® Diagram (Yield Strength)
720
718
720
720
41
909
706
718
41
Wasp/901/
Thermo-Span
X-750
909/706
Thermo-Span
751
31V
Wasp/901
751/X-750
706
Waspaloy
901
Waspaloy
Ni-30/
80A/A-286
X-750
31V
Ni-30
751
31V
Ni-30
751
901/31V
Waspaloy
80A/A-286
X-750
80A
A-286
X-750
Ni-30
80A
31V/751
1200°F
(650°C)
1300°F
(705°C)
1400°F
(760°C)
75°F
(24°C)
720
41
718
41
720
41
1500°F
(815°C)
720
41
Waspaloy
1600°F
(870°C)
TEMPERATURE
Selectaloy and Thermo-Span are registered trademarks of CRS Holdings,
Inc., a subsidiary of Carpenter Technology Corporation. All rights reserved.
Age-Hardenable Superalloy Selectaloy Diagram (Stress-Rupture Strength)
STRESS-RUPTURE STRENGTH
720
41
Waspaloy/718
706
720
901
31V/751
X-750/80A
41
Ni-30
Thermo-Span
Wasp
718
706/901
720
909
A-286
31V/751
80A/X-750/Ni-30
41
Waspaloy
A-286
1200°F
(650°C)
1300°F
(705°C)
31V/751
901
80A/Ni-30
1400°F
(760°C)
720
41
Waspaloy
720
31V/751
80A
41
Waspaloy
1500°F
(815°C)
1600°F
(870°C)
TEMPERATURE
Selectaloy and Thermo-Span are registered trademarks of CRS Holdings,
Inc., a subsidiary of Carpenter Technology Corporation. All rights reserved.
Thermal Expansion of Age-Hardenable Superalloys
15
CTE (um/m/°C)
Alloy 718
13
Waspaloy
Thermo-Span
11
9
CTX- 909
7
5
100
200
300
400
500
Temperature (°C)
600
700
Case Study - Hot Work Tooling

AISI Type H13 tool steel used for hot working dies and hot
shear blades

H13 tooling deforms during higher temperature forming
and shearing operations

Upgrading to 718 or Waspaloy greatly improves tool life at
lower overall cost
Case Study - Exhaust Valves

Austenitic stainless steels are commonly used for exhaust
valves in automotive engines

Higher efficiency and performance and lower emissions 
higher temperatures and stresses

Upgrading to Ni-30, 751 or 80A alloy
exhaust valves for newer engines
Thank you for your interest in wrought age-hardenable
superalloys. More information about Carpenter’s
products is available on this website including technical
datasheets and articles, Products, and Product
Literature.
To contact Carpenter, call 1-800-654-6543 in the U.S.
or refer to the Contact Us page for the location nearest
you.