Transcript Pesticide Formulation Differences

Pesticide Formulation
Differences
Brian Jones
Agronomy Extension
Introduction
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Need to understand formulations
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Storage
Characteristics
Mixing and loading
Application
16 types
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Pros/Cons
Relate these to everyday products
#1. Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC)
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PROS:
-Easy to pour and measure
-Not abrasive
-Little agitation required
CONS:
-Easily absorbed through skin
-Caustic to rubber and plastic
-Some crops more sensitive
-May cause pitting or discoloration
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Emulsion; fine liquid
particles suspended in
another liquid
Forms cloudy mixture
when mixed with water
Homogenized milk
Dual II Magnum
Prowl 3.3EC
#2. Solution (S) /Concentrated
Solution (C or LC)
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PROS:
-Easy to pour, measure and mix
-Won’t clog equipment
-No agitation necessary
CONS:
-Not commonly available
-Can be absorbed through skin
Liquid that will form a true
aqueous solution
Banvel / Clarity 4S
Roundup Weathermax 4.5S
#3. Flowable (F or L)
PROS:
-Easy to handle
-Generally won’t clog sprayer
-Low inhalation risk
-Low risk of phytotoxic effects
CONS:
-Moderate agitation required
-May leave visible residue
-Can be abrasive to equipment
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Fine solid particles
dispersed (suspended) in
a liquid
Atrazine 4L
Princep 4L
Callisto 4SC
#4. Dust (D)
PROS:
-Ready to use
-Can be used where moisture
may cause damage
-Good coverage (if applied right)
CONS:
-Drift potential
-Residues may blow away
-Difficult to apply uniformly
-Inhalation risk, may irritate eyes,
nose or throat
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Fine solid particles
Ready to use
Not water-soluble
Copper Dragon
Easy Garden 10%
#5. Granule (G)
PROS:
-Ready to use
-Low risk of drift
-Low risk of handler exposure
-Simple equipment for application
-Can pass through foliage to soil
CONS
-Do not stick to foliage or non-level
-May need to incorporate or water-in
-May pose a hazard to birds
-Bulky
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Small particles
Ready to use
Not water-soluble
Diazinon, Ant Killer
Lorsban 15G
“Weed and Feed”
#6. Pellet (P or PS)
PROS:
-Ready to use
-Low risk of drift
-Low risk of handler exposure
-Simple equipment for application
-Can pass through foliage to soil
CONS
-Do not stick to foliage or nonlevel
-May need to incorporate or water-in
-Bulky
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Formed small- to
medium-sized
particles
Ready to use
Not water-soluble
DowAgro 1/8” “blanks”
Spike 20P
#7. Wettable Powder (W or WP)
PROS:
-Easy to store and transport
-Low skin exposure risk
-Less likely to burn plants than EC
-Less likely to clog equipment than EC
CONS:
-Often very concentrated
-Not easy to measure and mix
-Inhalation risk
-Can be abrasive to equipment
-May clog nozzles and screens
-Requires good and constant agitation
-May leave visible residues on surfaces
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Relatively insoluble fineparticle solid that forms a
suspension
Not a true solution
Karmex
Pounce 25WP
#8. Water-Dispersible Granules
(WDG) / Dry Flowables (DF)
PROS:
-Easy to handle, can be poured from
container
-Low skin exposure and inhalation risk
-Safer to handle than dust or powder
-Easy to store and transport
-Less likely to burn or clog equipment
CONS:
-Agitation required
-Can be abrasive to equipment
-May clog nozzles and screens
-May leave visible residues on surfaces
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Small particles of a
wettable powder
Will form a suspension
Not a true solution
Option 35WDG
Steadfast 75DF
#9. Soluble Powder (SP or WSP)
PROS:
-Easy to store and transport
-Low skin exposure risk
-No agitation needed once in
solution
-Tend to not be abrasive to equip.
-Will not clog filters or screens
CONS:
-Inhalation risk
-Often very concentrated
-Not many pesticides available
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Fine- or mediumparticle sized solid that
will dissolve in water to
form a true solution
Roundup Pro Dry
Ambush 25WSP
#10. Water Soluble Packaging (Gel
Pack)
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A semi-solid colloid
(jelly) packaged in watersoluble film.
Buctril Gel
“Toss and go” packaging
#11. Aerosol (A)
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Fine airborne
particles/droplets plus a
propellant
D-Con House and Garden
Bug repellent (DEET)
#12. Bait (B)
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Attractant/feeding
stimulant + food +
pesticide
MaxAttrax Ant Feeding
Attack brand Beetle Trap
Trails End Molluscicide
#13. Invert Emulsion (IE)
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An emulsion in which the
active ingredient is
dispersed in oil rather
than in water
Usually a thick mixture
Certain roadside non-crop
products
#14. Microencapsulated (ME)
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Coated or encased units
– time release
Prowl H2O
MicroTech
BioBarrier
#15. Ready-to-Use (RTU)
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Solution or
suspension diluted to
use rate
Roundup RTU
#16. ULV/Fog/Smoke
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Fine particles/
droplets suspended in
air
Raid concentrate fogger
QUESTIONS?
Mixing and Loading
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Mixing and loading
order can be
determined by the
formulation if not
specified on the
label.
Formulation Tank Mixing Order
1.
Fill tank ¼ to ½ full with water or carrier and begin
agitation
Formulation Tank Mixing Order
1.
2.
Fill tank ¼ to ½ full with water or carrier and begin
agitation
Adjuvants used for anti-foaming, buffers, compatibility,
AMS, etc.
Formulation Tank Mixing Order
1.
2.
3.
Fill tank ¼ to ½ full with water or carrier and begin
agitation
Adjuvants used for anti-foaming, buffers, compatibility,
AMS, etc.
Dry products (WP, WDG, DF, WSP)
Formulation Tank Mixing Order
1.
2.
3.
4.
Fill tank ¼ to ½ full with water or carrier and begin
agitation
Adjuvants used for anti-foaming, buffers, compatibility,
AMS, etc.
Dry products (WP, WDG, DF, WSP)
Liquid Flowables (F or L)
Formulation Tank Mixing Order
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Fill tank ¼ to ½ full with water or carrier and begin
agitation
Adjuvants used for anti-foaming, buffers, compatibility,
AMS, etc.
Dry products (WP, WDG, DF, WSP)
Liquid Flowables (F or L)
Microencapsulated (ME)
Formulation Tank Mixing Order
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Fill tank ¼ to ½ full with water or carrier and begin
agitation
Adjuvants used for anti-foaming, buffers, compatibility,
AMS, etc.
Dry products (WP, WDG, DF, WSP)
Liquid Flowables (F or L)
Microencapsulated (ME)
Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC)
Formulation Tank Mixing Order
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Fill tank ¼ to ½ full with water or carrier and begin
agitation
Adjuvants used for anti-foaming, buffers, compatibility,
AMS, etc.
Dry products (WP, WDG, DF, WSP)
Liquid Flowables (F or L)
Microencapsulated (ME)
Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC)
Liquid solutions (S, C, LC) usually clear
Formulation Tank Mixing Order
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Fill tank ¼ to ½ full with water or carrier and begin
agitation
Adjuvants used for anti-foaming, buffers, compatibility,
AMS, etc.
Dry products (WP, WDG, DF, WSP)
Liquid Flowables (F or L)
Microencapsulated (ME)
Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC)
Liquid solutions (S, C, LC) usually clear
Adjuvants used for herbicide efficacy enhancement (COC,
NIS, MSO)
Formulation Tank Mixing Order
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Fill tank ¼ to ½ full with water or carrier and begin
agitation
Adjuvants used for anti-foaming, buffers, compatibility,
AMS, etc.
Dry products (WP, WDG, DF, WSP)
Liquid Flowables (F or L)
Microencapsulated (ME)
Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC)
Liquid solutions (S, C, LC) usually clear
Adjuvants used for herbicide efficacy enhancement (COC,
NIS, MSO)
Add water/carrier to desired level
Remember acronym W.A.L.E.S.
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W – WP, WDG, DF, WSP
A – Agitate
L – Liquid Flowables
E – Emulsifiable Concentrates
S – Surfactants
Notes on Sprayer Mixing
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Start with a clean tank. Leftovers may cause
unforeseen problems
Always use clean water
Make a slurry of each dry formulation before
adding to tank
Agitate thoroughly before adding each
product
Spray solution and clean tank after each days
use
Notes on Sprayer Mixing
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Certain insecticides and/or fungicides can be
tank mixed with herbicides—check the
product label
If you question the compatibility of a tank
mixture, use the JAR TEST
Jar Test
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Better to have gel,
precipitate, sludge, or
concrete in a jar rather
than in your sprayer,
hoses, pumps, and tips.
Jar Test
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Labeled combinations of
herbicides with
fertilizers, insecticides,
and fungicides are
difficult to find.
Jar Test Safety
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Always wear PPE when pouring or mixing
pesticides.
Perform this test in a safe area away from food and
sources of ignition.
Pesticide used in this test should be put into the
spray tank when completed and applied to a
labeled site.
Rinse all utensils and jars, and pour rinse water
into spray tank.
Jar Test
1.
In two 1-quart jars, add 1 pint of carrier in each.
Jar Test
1.
2.
In two 1-quart jars, add 1 pint of carrier in each.
Add ¼ teaspoon of compatibility agent to one jar
(equivalent to 2 pints per 100 gal).
Jar Test
1.
2.
3.
In two 1-quart jars, add 1 pint of carrier in each.
Add ¼ teaspoon of compatibility agent to one jar
(equivalent to 2 pints per 100 gal).
To each jar, add the required amount (see below) of
pesticide in proper order.
Jar Test
1.
2.
3.
4.
In two 1-quart jars, add 1 pint of carrier in each.
Add ¼ teaspoon of compatibility agent to one jar
(equivalent to 2 pints per 100 gal).
To each jar, add the required amount (see below) of
pesticide in proper order.
When all ingredients have been added, shake both jars
for 15 seconds and allow to stand for at least 15
minutes. Then inspect for flakes, sludge, gels, etc.,
which may indicate incompatibility.
Jar Test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
In two 1-quart jars, add 1 pint of carrier in each.
Add ¼ teaspoon of compatibility agent to one jar
(equivalent to 2 pints per 100 gal).
To each jar, add the required amount (see below) of
pesticide in proper order.
When all ingredients have been added, shake both jars
for 15 seconds and allow to stand for at least 15
minutes. Then inspect for flakes, sludge, gels, etc.,
which may indicate incompatibility.
Compare the two jars, one with the compatibility agent
and one without.
Jar Test
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
In two 1-quart jars, add 1 pint of carrier in each.
Add ¼ teaspoon of compatibility agent to one jar
(equivalent to 2 pints per 100 gal).
To each jar, add the required amount (see below) of
pesticide in proper order.
When all ingredients have been added, shake both jars
for 15 seconds and allow to stand for at least 15
minutes. Then inspect for flakes, sludge, gels, etc.,
which may indicate incompatibility.
Compare the two jars, one with the compatibility agent
and one without.
Decide if the mixture can be sprayed with or without the
compatibility agent or even at all.
Required Amounts of Pesticide
for Jar Tests
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For dry rates (16oz per lb)
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1 lb/A = 1.5 teaspoons
For liquid rates (16 fl oz = 1 pint; 2 pts = 1 qt)
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1 pint/A = 0.5 teaspoon
1 qt/A = 1.0 teaspoon
THANKS!
QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS?
Presentation Available At:
http://valleycrops.cses.vt.edu