Transcript Slide 1

Cultural Influences of
the Physical Education
Profession
By:Megan Dunahoo
Health and Physical Education
The period from 1885
to 1900
This was a period where several
approaches to what was called
“gymnastics”
It was the competition for new
converts to the systems and for
places in school and college
curricula.
Period of Immigration-What they
brought with them
The Battle of the
Systems
The German
System
The Dio Lewis
System
The Swedish
System
The Hitchcock
System
The Beecher
System
The Sargent
System
The German System
Friedrich Ludwig
Jahn
Most Widespread system from
1885-1900’s
Was very Vigorous and desired to
build a strong unified Germany by
balancing education with P.E
Created Turnvereins-gyms
They used throwing, jumping,
running and track and field as their
main exercise.
The Swedish System
Invented by Per Henrik Ling
Developmental/Scientific
Therapeutic
 Referred to as Medical
gymnastics
 Involved swinging, ladders,
rings, vaulting, bars
The Beecher System
 Was created for women
Catherine
Beecher
 4 Virtues (Piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity
 Involved: Archery, Horseback riding, and swimming
 This system did not gain widespread attention
Focused on:
Exercise and hygiene
Musical Accompaniment
Worked on increasing heart rate
Wasn’t as vigorous as the German system
Combined elements from other systems
They also used: beanbags,
wands, dumbbells, clubs, and
hand rings.
Scientific emphasis
based on measurement
Used Anthropometrics
(measurements of fitness components)
Involved a battery of tests
This system of gymnastics was
the first truly American program
Was the director
of the Hemenway
gym at Harvard
University in 1879.
Biggest contributions
was his specialized
exercise machines
He developed the
Sargent School of
Physical Education
known today as the
Sargent College of
Boston University
 He
also made
the students
undergo
comprehensive
medical and
anthropometric
testing