Transcript Chapter 9: The Americas

Chapter 9: The Americas
Pgs. 446-481
Map Activity
• Listen carefully to the map information, and
watch them maps as your teacher shows them
on the screen.
• Then, complete the questions on the
worksheet.
Section 1 Vocabulary: pg. 451
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Beringia
Mesoamerica
Teotihuacan
Yucatan Peninsula
Cuzco
Olmec
Maya
Toltec
Moche
Inca
Glacier
Monopoly
Section 1: The First Americans
• America used to be connected by land to the rest
of the world.
• An area of dry land, a land bridge called Beringia,
connected Asia and North America.
• When the Ice Age ended, the land bridge
disappeared under the waves.
• Early prehistoric people survived by hunting and
gathering their food.
• The warming weather reduced the food supply of
hunter-gatherers by causing some species to
become extinct.
Food and Civilization in America
• Farming began in Mesoamerica (from the
Valley of Mexico to Costa Rica) about 10,000
years ago.
• Mesoamerica’s first civilization was called the
Olmec.
• The first planned city in the Americas was
Teotihuacan.
Early People
• The Maya built a civilization in the rain
forests of the Yucatan Peninsula, but it
ended mysteriously in the AD 900s
• The Maya took captives (prisoners) in
war and used them as human
sacrifices and to help work in the
fields.
• The Toltec people were overtaken by
the Aztecs, who ruled over many
people.
More People
• The Moche civilization developed in what is now
Peru. They dug canals to carry water from the
Andes to desert farms.
• The Inca built the first empire in South America.
Their capital was called Cuzco.
• Prehistoric people moved southward through the
Americas in search of warmer weather.
Section 1 Questions
• Complete Questions 1,2,4,5 on page 455.
• Then, complete this chart in your notebook.
Civilization
Olmec
Maya
Toltec
Moche
Inca
Accomplishments
Section 2 Vocabulary
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Jasaw Chan K’awiil I
Pachacuti
Peten
Tenichtitlan
Machu Picchu
Sinkhole
Alliance
Codices
Quipu
The Mayan People
• The Olmec was the first civilization in the
Americas
• Peten is now Guatemala and was the location of
the Maya.
• Jasaw Chan K’awiil I was a strong Mayan ruler,
who had a pyramid built for him.
• The Mayans believed that gods controlled
everything on earth.
• Religion was the core of Mayan life.
• The Mayans played a game similar to basketball.
Mayan Science and Writing
• Mayans studied astronomy, and developed a 365day calendar.
• They developed mathematics, and a method of
counting based on 20.
• Maya invented a written language and set of
symbols.
• Only nobles could read them and after the
civilization collapsed, nobody could read them.
Only recently have scholars started to unlock
stories in Mayan symbols.
The Aztecs
• Arrived in the valley of Mexico about AD 1250.
• Tenochtitlan was the great new city of the Aztec
people.
• The king was the top of the Aztec society. There
were four classes:
– Nobles, commoners, unskilled laborers, and enslaved
people.
• Social class in the Aztec empire was inherited,
and could change with an act of bravery in war.
More Aztecs
• Aztecs also developed a
calendar.
• Aztecs built the Great Temple
at Tenochtitlan, and took
people there to be sacrificed to
the gods.
• Aztecs created farming on
unsuitable land, by using
irrigation, fertilization, and
draining swamp land.
The Inca Empire
• The greatest Inca leader was Pachacuti.
– He built an estate for himself called Machu Picchu
• Inca farmers used the same farming
techniques as the Aztecs, irrigation and
fertilizers.
• Inca herded llama as cattle.
• Inca developed a large system of roads to
move goods and information quickly.
More Incas and Pachacuti
• Pachacuti built the largest ancient empire in
the Americas by:
– Having a strong, central government with local
rulers
– Building a network of roads
– Sharing a common language
– Developing agricultural techniques
• Inca divided society into 12 job categories.
Every man, woman, and child over age 5 had
work to do.
Inca
• Use the pyramid to label the Incan classes.
Farmers, herders,
soldiers
Regional army
leaders
Temple priests, army
commanders, skilled
workers
Head priest and head army
leaders
Inca Culture
• Incas rarely made sacrifices to the gods.
• Inca people built places like Machu Picchu to
please the gods.
• Inca were skilled engineers, using stones but
no mortar. Blocks did not collapse during
earthquakes.
Section 2 Questions
• Complete questions #1, 2, and 4 on page 464
Aztec Society
Inca Society
Section 3 Vocabulary
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Christopher Columbus
Hernan Cortes
Montezuma II
Malintizin
Francisco Pizarro
Hispaniola
Extremadura
Conquistador
Treason
Christopher Columbus
• Columbus was sent by the Spaniards to sail
west across the Atlantic.
• He landed in Hispaniola in 1492, an island in
the Caribbean (now Haiti and the Dominican
Republic) and thought he was in Asia.
• Conquistadors (soldier-explorers sent to
Americas by Spain) went to Hispaniola and
claimed it for Spain. They were there to search
for riches.
Hernan Cortes
• Cortes was a soldier sent to the Americas by
the Spaniards.
• He invaded Mexico and used Spanish horses
an guns to shock the Native Americans.
• He attacked the Aztec and took Montezuma,
the ruler of the Aztec, hostage.
• Malintzin was a woman who helped Cortes
defeat the Aztec.
• The Spanish (with the help of smallpox)
defeated the Aztec people in 1521.
Pizarro conquers the Inca
• Francisco Pizarro traveled with Vasco Balboa to
what is now Panama in a search for gold.
• He raided Inca storehouses and fired guns at
villagers.
• He captured Atahualpa, the Incan emperor, and
charged him with crimes and sentenced him to
death.
• The Spanish king made Pizarro the governor of
Peru.
• Spain was on its way to building the world’s first
global empire.
Questions
• Complete the questions on pg. 477
–#1,2,4, and 5