Transcript The Role and Responsibilities of The Governing Body

Childrens’ Seerah course
August 2007
Sparkbrook Islamic Centre
Week 4
In Madinah
 The Prophet’s masjid and the first
constitution
 Battle of Badr
 Battle of Uhud
 Banu Nadir banished
 Battle of Khandaq
The Messenger (saw) and Abu Bakr
reached Quba and began
constructing a masjid there.
 The Muslims had made hijrah to
escape persecution, but also to
establish Islam as a state and a
complete way of life. From here, the
Muslims had a base to spread Islam
through the world and liberate its
people.
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When he entered Madinah, people
came out in joy to greet him.
 His camel stopped on a spot where a
simple masjid would be built and he
paid for the land.
 He stayed at Abu Ayyub’s house
while this and his dwelling was built.
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Now the Muslims were away from
persecution, but still had difficulties;
 The Quraysh still plotted and hoped
to destroy the Muslims
 The Jewish tribes around Madinah
were angry the Prophet was from the
arabs, not them
 The Hypocrites were hidden amongst
the Muslims
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The constitution of the new Islamic state
was laid down.
The Jews and other dwellers of Madinah
were given equal rights with Muslims.
Everyone was expected to help and
support each other.
Some hypocrites were angry that the
Messenger (saw) was the leader of
Madinah. They wanted power themselves.
The Messenger (saw) established
brotherhood bonds between the
Ansar (Helpers from Madinah) and
the Muhajireen (emigrants from
Makkah).
Bilal became the Muadhin, calling the
Muslims to prayer. The same call is still
repeated across the world
Iran
China
London
Egypt
Malaysia
The Quraysh decided to take the property
and wealth of the Muslims who had left
Makkah.
The Muslims went on expeditions against
Quraysh caravans to get back the value of
their stolen goods.
On one of these missions, the Muslims went
against the instructions of the Prophet
(saw) and killed a Quraysh man.
Allah revealed that the Qiblah should
now change from Jerusalem to
Makkah, where the ka’bah, the
first house built to worship Allah
alone, stood.
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The people of Makkah were now plotting
against the Muslims.
The Muslims decided to intercept a
caravan belonging to Abu Sufyan.
Abu Sufyan changed his route and asked
the Makkans for help.
A mighty army set off from Makkah, and
although the caravan was now safe, Abu
Jahl insisted they must destroy the
Muslims, who were camped at Badr.
The Messenger (saw) consulted his
companions and they pledged to stand
with him always and fight with him for
Allah.
The Muslims blocked the smaller wells
and took camp at the biggest well.
The Prophet (saw) sent Umar to suggest
to the Quraysh that they both turn
back and avoid war. Some agreed but
most, especially Abu Jahl, wanted war.
The Prophet (saw) prayed,
“ O Allah! Here are the Quraysh exalted
with pride and vanity and they desire
to stop your servants from
worshipping You and to falsify Your
Prophet.
So send us your promised help.O Allah!
If this small number is routed today
there will be none to worship You until
the end of Days”
That night, a peaceful rain fell.
The Battle began in the morning.
The Muslims had about 300 men and
only 2 horses.
The Quraysh had about 1300 men,
including 600 mailed soldiers, 100
horses, and many camels.
Some Bedouin men were watching the
battle from a hill, at which point a
huge army in white, mounted on
horses, flew over them.
One fell down dead in shock.
The angels, led by Jibrail, had arrived
at the command of Allah to help the
Muslims.
The Muslims were blessed with a great
victory.
Many of the enemies of Islam were
killed, including Abu Jahl and
Ummayyah ibn Khalaf.
Abu Lahab, who was very fat and
unhealthy, had not come to battle but
died of infection in Makkah.
Many Quraysh were ransomed for money
and returned to Makkah.
The Jewish tribe of Banu Qaynuqa
threatened the Prophet (saw) and
humiliated a Muslim woman at their
market.
They rushed to their fortress and the
Muslims laid siege.
The Muslims won and the tribe were
banished from the city. The Prophet (saw)
was merciful and spared their lives, but
they continued to plot against the
Muslims.
In Madinah, the Prophet (saw) continued
to teach Islam.
He would spent many nights in prayer
until his feet were swollen.
He taught the Muslims to care for the
weak, enjoin good, forbid evil and
purify their hearts.
He was very merciful to the believers.
He lived in poverty and had a simple life.
Then the Muslims had warning of an
army of more than 3000 men
heading toward Madinah.
The Prophet (saw) felt they should
wait inside the city.
The majority of Muslims voted to go
out to meet the enemy. The Prophet
(saw) accepted and got ready for
battle.
Uhud
1000 Muslims set off toward Uhud. 300
left and went home with Ibn Ubayy, leader
of the hypocrites.
700 Muslims were left to fight.
The Prophet (saw) placed 50 archers on
the hillside, warning them never to leave
that position, even if the battle was over
and people were getting the booty.
Alwata, Where the battle took
place
Archers mount.
Mount Ainayn
The Mountain of UHUD
Mount Sala
Valley
Almadina Almunawarh.
Qanah
Volcanic rocks
Muslims Camp
Archers Mount
Non Muslims Camp
Volcanic rocks area difficult
to move around
Direction of
Muslims Attack
Enemies of Allah running away
The Muslims were winning the battle and
the Quraysh were running away.
The archers forgot the command of the
Prophet (saw) and 40 of them ran down
the hill for the booty.
Khalid ibn al Walid decided to go behind
the hill and attack the Muslims from
behind.
There was complete disorder.
The Muslims are busy after their initial
victory in collecting the spoils of war. In the
mean time Khalid attacked the Muslim
camp form behind.
Muslims Scatter across
the battle field.
Khalid bin Alwaleed to
circulate the mountain
from behind and
attack the Muslims
Quraysh return after
Khalid’s quick move.
A man killed Mus’ab ibn Umayr, thinking
he was the Prophet (saw), and shouted
that he had killed Muhammad.
Some Muslims fled, others stayed to
fight to the death.
Hamza and about 70 other Muslims
were killed.
A few Muslims, including Nusaybah bint
Ka’b, stayed and fought fiercely to
defend the Prophet (saw).
The Quraysh carried away their dead
and belongings. Abu Sufyan asked
Umar if the Prophet (saw) was
alive, and he said he was.
Abu Sufyan called, “Victory by turns,
today in exchange for Badr”
Umar replied, “We are not equal, our
dead are in Paradise and your
dead are in Hellfire”
Banu Nadir were a Jewish tribe in
Madinah. They plotted to kill the
Messenger (saw). He gave them 10 days
to leave the city or they would be killed.
Ibn Ubayy, the hypocrite, offered to help
them with his warriors and they refused
to go.
After a siege, they agreed to leave the city
with many of their belongings.
The Banu Nadir wanted revenge and
went to Makkah, where many
tribes joined a huge army of more
than 10,000 men to march toward
Madinah and encircle the city.
The Prophet (saw) consulted the
companions.
Salman al Farsi, from Persia,
suggested they dig a moat around
the city.
All the Muslims worked hard to dig
this moat and make it wide and
deep.
They also gathered in all their crops.
Banu Qurayza, another Jewish tribe,
broke their treaty with the Muslims
to try and help the enemies enter
Madinah.
The siege was incredibly hard for the
Muslims to withstand.
Nuaym ibn Masud who was an
important Quraysh elder, came to
the Prophet (saw) to accept Islam.
He kept this secret and was able to
stir up distrust between Banu
Qurayzah and the armies.
Then a strong bitter wind came to
the armies and they ran out of
food.
The Battle of Khandaq (the moat)
lasted 25 days.
The armies laying siege to Madinah
left defeated, they had not fought.
The Muslims were exhausted and
many had lost hope; they rejoiced
at the end of the battle.
Jibrail told the Messenger (saw) to go
immediately to Banu Qurayzah clan,
who had betrayed the Muslims and
almost had them all killed. The tribe
resisted for 25 days in their fortress.
Then they surrendered.
The women and children were placed in
custody of Abdullah ibn Sallam, a
former rabbi, and the men were killed
for their treachery.
Homework:
Complete Madani timeline A-E
Complete worksheet
Learn adhan
Older groups: Do your own research
on, ‘What lessons can we learn
from the battles of Badr and Uhud’
Next week Insha Allah:
The Muslims grow in strength
Hudaibiyah treaty
Conquest of Khaybar
Battle of Mutah
Opening of Makkah
Tabuk
Delegations and the Farewell Hajj