Transcript Project 1.08 - 04081 - Regional Environmental Center

DIESEL RETROFITS FOR HEAVYDUTY VEHICLES
ROUNDTABLE ON CLEAN FUELS
AND VEHICLES in TURKEY
May 4, 2006
Katherine Buckley, US EPA
Why Diesel Retrofit?
New emission standards generally only affect
new vehicles or new engines.
Air quality benefits must wait for fleet
turnover.
Diesels can last 20-30+ years or more.
Cost effective technologies are available
today for existing diesels.
Desire to demonstrate benefits of ultra low
sulfur fuel with advanced technologies.
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EPA Funded Diesel Retrofit Projects
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Typical Retrofit Demo Schedule
Establish stakeholder/technical groups
Datalogging of exhaust temperatures
Selection and purchase of retrofit devices
Baseline emission testing
Install verified retrofit devices
1 month break-in “degreening”
Emission testing
Public Rollout “White Cloth Test”
1 year of operation
– Monitor performance and maintenance
– Monitor fueling
Final emission testing
Outreach to public
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Mexico City Diesel Retrofit Pilot
Project
Retrofitted 20 transit buses
Used Ultra-Low Sulfur
Diesel Fuel (1 PPM)
Trucked in from US
Emission testing using
portable RAVEM
Measured PM and
gaseous emissions
Partnered with Mexico City,
Ministry of Environment,
RTP Bus Company, Center
for Sustainable Transport,
WRI/Embarq
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Technologies Used
Diesel Particulate Filters
(DPFs) = Highly Effective
Cell Plugs
Trapped Soot
Exhaust In
(Soot, CO, HC)
Enter
Exhaust (CO2, H2O)
Out
Diesel Particulate Filter
Carbon
SOF
Carbon
NOx
NOx
CO
Water
HC
Diesel Oxidation Catalyst
– Filter control capabilities
PM 80% to 90+% reduction
CO > 75%
HCs > 85%
– Require Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel
Fuel
Optimally <15 ppm
– Use on Euro II or newer engines
Diesel Oxidation Catalysts
(DOCs) = Efficient and Proven
– Hundreds of thousands have been
retrofitted since the 1960s on
highway, mining, materials
handling and construction vehicles
– Durabilities in excess of 10,000
hours of operation
– Diesel oxidation catalyst control
capabilities
PM 20 to 30% reduction
CO > 40%
HCs > 50%
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Mexico City Pilot Retrofit Highlights
Use of Verified
Technologies
– Devices proven to reduce
emissions for specific
applications
Comprehensive testing
and Review of Results
Quantitative determination
of percent emissions
reduction
– Verified by:
USA EPA (& listed at
EPA.gov.OTAQ/retrofit)
California Air Resources
Board (CARB)
Use of Ultra Low Sulfur
Fuel
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Measured Results
PM Emissions with DPF
•Typical test filter –
current standards
•Test filter – 2007
standards
•Unused test filter
Emissions
Reductions
1991
Buses
(DOC)
2001
Buses
(DPF)
Particulate
Matter
29-44%
90-92%
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Additional Ongoing US EPA International
Retrofit Projects
Bangkok, Thailand
DOCs and DPFs on transit buses, and
vans
50 ppm S diesel fuel to be used with
DPFs only
DOCs have been installed, working well
DPFs not yet installed
Emission testing in laboratory on chassis
dynamometer
Pune, India
20 buses; DOCs, DPFs, PFFs
Just launched in April 2006
PMT buses to participate
Guidance from Advisory Group and
Technical Panel
“In-Kind” support from Indian partners
Currently determining fuel source
Santiago, Chile
Already have 50 ppm S diesel fuel
Trucks only; DPFs only
Looking to incorporate retrofit into
future regulatory programs
Emission testing in laboratory –
chassis dynamometer
Beijing, China
25 Euro 1 and Euro 2 buses
DOCs, DPFs and PFFs
ULSD fuel for buses with DPFs
Engine dyno testing at beginning and end of
project
PM testing with portable sampling system
Dekati DMM 230 for PM only
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Partial Flow Filters
An intermediate step between DOCs and DPFs
– New technology
Using some in Beijing for first time
Rely on turbulent flow and impaction to reduce PM
Partial Filter Control Capabilities
– PM >50%
– HC and CO > 50%
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Frequently Asked Questions
Concerning Retrofit Programs
Drivability
• Properly selected retrofit
technologies do not impair
driving performance
Maintenance
• Oxidation catalysts and
partial flow filters are
virtually maintenance free
• DPFS require very little
maintenance (infrequent
ash removal)
Effects on Engine Life
• Properly maintained
engines and retrofit control
systems do not shorten
engine life
Fuel Penalties
– Most oxidation catalysts
have no effect on fuel
consumption
– Most filters have no effect
on fuel consumption
Warranties
– Manufacturers provide
various warranties as part
of a purchase agreement
Cost Considerations
– DOC ($425-1500)
– DPF ($3000-5500)
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Lessons Learned
Insist on verified products
Go through open bidding
process to get products
Ensure buses have been
and are well maintained
Set buses to spec before
testing
Protect fuel supply
Locking fuel caps on
buses with DPFs
Analyze fuel periodically
for Sulfur
Involve all relevant
stakeholders
– Stakeholder Group and
Technical Panel
Treat drivers and
mechanics as partners
Build public support
Have engine
manufacturer support
Try to do muffler
replacements if possible
Strategize how to use the
emission results
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Lessons Learned (Cont)
Have a key person in the
city with the retrofit
project to handle day-today things
Formulate good test plan
Require technical support
from vendor
Hold a “White Cloth” test
to demonstrate DPFs to
public
Think about particle
sizes….
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Contacts
Katherine Buckley
US EPA / Office of International Affairs
Tel: +1-202-564-6426
Fax: +1-202-565-2412
Email: [email protected]
US EPA Diesel Retrofit Information:
www.epa.gov/cleandiesel
US EPA Verified Technologies Information:
www.epa.gov/otaq/retrofit/retroverifiedlist.htm
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