Transcript POLITICAL SYSTEM OF GREAT BRITAIN (ESPECIALLY …

POLITICAL
DIVISION OF
ENGLAND
Oksana Olšová, MCR (2007)
Union Jack
 British national flag is called "Union Jack".
 It symbolises the Union of England, Scotland
and Ireland and dates back from 1801.
 The flag is made up of the crosses of the patron
saints of:
 England (St George's red cross on a white field)
 Ireland (St Patrick's red diagonals on a white field)
 Scotland (St Andrew's white diagonals on a blue field)
 Wales is not represented because when the flag
first appeared it was already united with England.
ENGLAND
 Is the largest and most populous
constituent country of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
 85% of the total population of the United
Kingdom live there.
 Population: 2006 - est.: 50,690,000
(2001 – census: 49,138,831)
 Area: 130,395 km²
Constituent – základní, volební; Census – sčítání lidu;
ENGLAND 2
 England became a unified state during the
10th century and takes its name from the
Angles — one of a Germanic tribes who
settled in the territory during the 5th and 6th
centuries.
 The capital city of England is London, which is
the largest city in the British Isles and largest
city in the European Union.
 It was the birthplace of the Industrial
Revolution and was the first country in the
world to become industrialised.
ENGLAND 3
 England is home to the Royal Society, which laid
the foundations of modern experimental science.
 England was the world's first parliamentary
democracy.
 The Kingdom of England was a separate state
until 1 May 1707, when the Acts of Union
resulted in a political union with the Kingdom of
Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain.
The national floral
emblem of England
 Tudor Rose was adopted as a national
emblem of England around the time of
the Wars of the Roses.
 The rose is used in a variety of contexts
in its use for England's representation.
the Royal Coat of Arms
the British Twenty Pence coin
Tudor Rose
Structure of administrative divisions of
England
UNITED KINGDOM
Northern Ireland
Wales
Scotland
ENGLAND
9 regions
regional level
county level
6 metropolitan 34 non-metropolitan
counties
counties
district level
metropolitan
districts
parish level
civil parishes
41
unitary
authorities
non-metropolitan
districts
civil parishes
Greater London
32
London
boroughs
civil parishes
Counties – hrabství; Unitary authorities – správní jednotky; Parish (GB) – obec;
Boroughs – městský okres, obvod;
City
of
London
9 regions in England
North
East
North
West
Yorkshire and the
Humber
East Midlands
West Midlands
(region)
East of England
Greater
London
South West
South East
Greater London
 The administrative area was
created in 1965 and covers the
City of London and 32 London
boroughs.
 In 2005 there was population of
7,517,700 people.
 It covers 1579 km²
North-East England
 The principal city is Newcastle.
 Population: 2,515,479 (2001)
 Consists of the combined area of
Northumberland, County Durham,
Tyne and Wear and a small part of
North Yorkshire.
Yorkshire and
the Humber
 The principal cities are Leeds,
 Sheffield
 The population in 2005 was 5,854,357.
 It covers most of the historic
county of Yorkshire: South
Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, part of North
Yorkshire, East Riding of Yorkshire, and
part of Lincolnshire.
North West England
 The principal cities are Liverpool,
Manchester
 The north of the region (that is, north
Lancashire and Cumbria) is largely
rural.
 It has a population of 6,729,764.
 Consists of the combined area of:
Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater
Manchester, Lancashire, Merseyside.
Rural – venkovský, selský;
The West Midlands
 The principal city is Birmingham.
 Population: 5,267,337 (2001)
 It covers the predominantly rural
shire counties of Herefordshire,
Shropshire, Staffordshire,
Warwickshire, West Midlands, and
Worcestershire.
Predominantly – převážně; Shire – oblast, hrabsví;
The East Midlands
 The principal city is Nottingham
 Population: 4,172,179 (2001)
 It consists of the combined area of
Derbyshire, Leicestershire,
Rutland, Northamptonshire,
Nottinghamshire and most of
Lincolnshire.
The East of England
 The principal city is Cambridge.
 Its population as of the 2001
census was 5,388,140.
 It includes Essex, Hertfordshire,
Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire,
Peterborough, Norfolk and
Suffolk.
South East England
 The principal city is Guildford.
 Its population as of the 2001 census was
8,000,550 - the most populous English
region.
 It includes Berkshire,
Buckinghamshire, East Sussex,
Hampshire, Isle of Wight, Kent,
Oxfordshire, Surrey and West Sussex.
South West England
 It is the largest region in terms of
area.
 The principal cities are Bristol, Plymouth
 Population: 4,928,458 people.
 It includes Somerset, Bristol,
Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, Dorset, Devon,
and Cornwall.
In terms of – pokud jde o;
The Constitution
 unwritten, based on traditions and common law
 it´s easy to change it (by an Act of Parliament or
by general agreement)
 divides power between 3 independent branches:
1. legislative
2. executive
3. judicial
1. The LEGISLATIVE
power:
THE PARLIAMENT
 makes laws, votes taxes and public
expenses
 checks the work of the Government (the
Sovereign, the House of Commons, the House of
Lords)
The Houses of Parliament
The Government
 THE SOVEREIGN




at present Queen Elizabeth II.
mainly symbolical function (she takes part at ceremonials, traditional celebrations,..)
she appoints ministers, judges and governors
she is the head of the Armed Forces and of the Church of England
 THE HOUSE OF LORDS
 has over 1000 members
 the head is the Lord Chancellor
 made up of the Lords of Temporal (about 900), the Lords Spiritual (2 Archbishops of
Canterbury and York + 24 bishops of the Church of England)
 they sign the bills to consider it as a law, they can refuse bills got from The House of
Commons
 THE HOUSE OF COMMONS
 consists of 651 Members of Parliament (MPs) – each represents a particular part of the
country
 they pass the bills
 the Speaker (elected by MPs) = the chief officer - he presides over the house
 elections – every 5 years
 minimum voting age – 18 years
 candidates must be over 21
 Benches in the House
of Commons Chamber
are coloured green.
 In contrast, the House
of Lords is decorated in
red.
2. The EXECUTIVE power:
 THE GOVERNMENT
 the head is Prime Minister (the leader of the
party, which has the majority in The House of
Commons)
 Present PM is Tony Blair – the representative of
the Labour Party (lives at 11 Downing
Street)
 he chooses his government ministers (about
20) = the Cabinet (formally appointed by the
Queen)
 the second strongest party forms an Opposition
(Shadow-Cabinet)
 the Prime Minister with the Cabinet have real
political power
3. The JUDICIAL power:
 THE SUPREME COURT
 consists of the Court of Appeal and the
High Court of Justice
Appeal – odvolávat se;
Political parties in the UK
today:
 The Labour Party - left wing, their program
includes many social reforms and active social
politics
 The Conservative Party – right wing, they put
more emphasis in private enterprise
 The Liberals
 Social and Liberal Democrats - left of centre
 Scottish National Party (SNP)
 Sinn Féin - the oldest political movement in
Ireland
Emphasis – důraz;
Enterprise – podnikání;
Sources:
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England
http://www.bbc.co.uk/
http://www.google.com/
http://www.schrapnel.cz/skotsko/mapaanglie.htm
http://www.kralovstvimap.cz/katalog/velka-britanielondyn/7
Link label – odkaz na html stránce
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