Transcript Work on CAADP - Ecumenical Advocacy Alliance

REGIONAL AND GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY ARCHITECTURE:
INSTRUMENTS FOR ACCOUNTABILITY AND FOOD JUSTICE
ADVOCACY
with reference to CAADP AND ECOWAP
Queronica Q. Quartey,
Right to Food and Climate Change Policy Advisor, ActionAid
Ghana during EAA/FECCIWA Advocacy Capacity Strengthening
Workshop at African Royal Beach Hotel, Accra, Ghana on 13th –
16th November, 2011
Presentation outline
• Introduction
– Background of African Agriculture
– Human Rights and Right to Adequate Food
– Origin of CAADP
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CAADP Goals
CAADP Functions
CAADP Country Processes
CAADP Stakeholders
CAADP pillars and pillar institution
Value of NSA in the CAADP Process
Harnessing advocacy and accountability for
agricultural development and right to food
Introduction:
Importance of Agriculture in Africa cannot
be over emphasize
• It is widely recognised as the most important
sector in the continent with the potential to
lift millions out of chronic poverty, food
insecurity and hunger.
• provides 60% of labour force, 20% of total
merchandise export and 20% of Gross
Domestic Product(GDP)
Introduction contd.
• Yet, for decades agriculture has stagnated,
suffering from underinvestment, poor policies
and incoherent strategies.
• Meanwhile, more than 250 million Africans
remain food insecure.
• Governments in Africa spend less than 7% of
their national budgets on agriculture despite
the fact that 75% of poor people live in rural
areas.
Hunger: An issue of Human Rights
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted
by the Un general Assembly in 1948 has put in
motion an international human rights system of
civil, political, social and cultural rights that are
interrelated, making them mutually reinforcing.
• In summary, human beings have a right to an
adequate standard of living (UNDHR Article 25,
International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights (ICESCR Article 11)
African Charter on Human and
People’s Rights
• Being informed by the UDHR, the African Charter (adopted in June
1981, OAU Doc. CAB/LEG/67/3 rev. 5, 21 I.L.M. 58) and
• Considering the Charter of OAU which stipulates that ‘freedom,
equality, justice and dignity are essential objectives for the
achievement of the legitimate aspirations of the African peoples”
• Considering that the enjoyment of rights and freedoms also implies
the performance of duties on the part of everyone
• Guarantees right to work under equitable and satisfactory
conditions (Article 15), to best attainable state of physical and
mental health (Article 16) and right to education (Article 17) – No
specific mention of right to adequate food
• US president Roosevelt in his 1944 State of the
Union address when advocating for the adoption
of an “Economic Bill of Rights” said
• “We have come to the clear realization of the
fact that true individual freedom cannot exist
without economic security and independence.
‘Necessitous men are not free men.’ People who
are hungry and out of jobs are the stuff of which
dictatorships are made.”
• The enjoyment of HRs requires, at a minimum,
that everyone shall enjoy the necessary
subsistence rights – adequate food and nutrition,
clothing, housing and the necessary conditions
of care.
Right to Adequate Food
• According to UDHR Article 25(1), everyone has the right to a
standard of living adequate for the health and wellbeing of himself
and of his family, including food, clothing, housing…
• The general concept of adequate food can be broken into several
elements: Food supply should be  Adequate, which means that the types of foodstuffs commonly
available (nationally, in local markets and , ultimately at the
household level)
 Culturally acceptable – fit in with prevailing food or dietary culture
 Cover overall nutritional needs in terms of quantity (energy) and
quality (proving all the essential nutrition's, including micronutrients
–vitamins and iodine)
 Safe – free from toxic elements and contaminants) and of
 Good quality – (taste and texture)
Misconception about HRs/Right to
Food
• A basic misconception which has a negative implementation of economic
and social rights is that such rights must be provided by government.
• In the past, this resulted in people opposing economic and social rights, on
the assumption that they were costly, undermined creativity, removed
incentives and led to an overgrown state apparatus
• It is now widely recognized that this view resulted from a
misunderstanding of the nature of these rights and particularly the
corresponding state obligations.
• A realistic understanding of state obligations must take into account, that
the individual is the active subject, not the object, of economic and social
development. Most human beings strive to take care of their livelihoods
using their own resources – land, capital, labour, knowledge and at the
household level, the smallest unit.
• Draws attention to female/male division of labour, control over production
and consumption, kinship arrangements that influence the nature and
operation of the family.
State obligations
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Note assumption that human beings, families seek their own solutions to meet their needs
• Obligations:
 Primary level – respect the resources owned by individuals and their freedoms for job
preference, optimal use of knowledge, alone or in association with others to satisfy needs –
not passive in this acknowledgement
 Secondary level – Active protection against other, more assertive or aggressive subjects,
especially more powerful economic interests and there state protection against fraud,
unethical behavior in trade and contractual relations, marketing and dumping of dangerous
products – protector of civil and political rights: laws, legislation
 Tertiary level – facilitate opportunities by which the rights listed can be enjoyed or when the
other obligations are insufficiently met, to provide such opportunities and thus fulfill the
rights
Facilitation of right to food is to take steps to improve measures of production, conservation
and distribution of food by making full use of technical and scientific knowledge and by
developing or reforming agrarian systems; and provision during emergencies and disasters.
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Governance is to be able to manage all the levels – creating enabling environments for the
individuals and families and the social contracts of manifestoes and development plans.
NEPAD – Agriculture
(AU Summit Decision – 2003)
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture
Development Programme (CAADP)
A common framework to
stimulate and guide the
restoration of African
agriculture
What CAADP set out to achieve
Socio-economic growth and improved
standard of living and clean
environment
Food Security and Income
Generation (Poverty
Alleviation)
Wealth creation and
support to
industrialization
High and sustainable
Agriculture Performance
Target goal of 6% annual growth rate in
agriculture productivity and 10% budgetary
allocation
CAADP Approaches
Practically, this means it changing the way
business is done by:
• Improving co-ordination
• Sharing knowledge, successes and failures
• Getting actors to encourage one another
• Promoting joint and separate efforts to
achieve the CAADP goals
Core functions of the CAADP
• Country processes for better investment
programmes: The country process is the core of
the whole CAADP intervention, as it ‘grounds’ the
CAADP values and principles in each country’s
own processes and systems.
• Mobilising partnerships for investment : This
core strategic function operates at different levels
from national to global, and CAADP has been
successful in mobilising resources and new
partnerships.
Core functions of the CAADP cont...
• Pushing for commitments: CAADP has a number of
instruments for use at different levels to hold governments
and partners accountable for their promises.
• Strategic thinking, positions and scenarios for the future
CAADP aims to provide clear African positions on agricultural
development issues, including monitoring of the 10% budget
commitment, the 6% annual productivity target and peer
review system between countries.
• Advocating for change: CAADP has a major thrust on ‘putting
agriculture back on the agenda’ and uses advocacy, lobbying
and communication as major instruments.
4. CAADP ~ the country process
Stage 1: Engagement and partnership development
Key milestones:
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Government launch
CAADP Roadmap
CAADP DP Task Team joint visit to ADWGs
4. CAADP ~ the country process
Key milestones:
Stage 2: Evidence-based planning
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Stocktaking
analysis
4. CAADP ~ the country process
Stage 3: Building alliances for investment
Key milestones:
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Roundtable and compact signing
Investment planning and review
CAADP DP Task Team joint visit to ADWGs
4. CAADP ~ the country process
Stage 4: Program implementation, M&E, and peer review
CAADP DP Task Team joint visit to ADWGs
CAADP Stakeholders
AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION (AUC)
political leadership
Continental
level
NEPAD AGENCY (NPCA)
Implementation and coordination
Pillar Institutions
technical expertise
Regional level
RECs
coordination of CAADP in MS, regional integration
National level
CAADP Country team
H&A DPs-Reform and review policies to achieve MDGs
CAADP Pillars
Pillar 1: Extending the area under sustainable land
management and reliable water control systems
• Includes soil fertility management and
conservation, agricultural water use and
irrigation, and land policy and administration
• Lead institutions: Dr Elijah Phiri, University of
Zambia ([email protected], [email protected]);
Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought
Control in the Sahel ([email protected])
CAADP Pillars contd.
Pillar 2: Increasing market access through
improved rural infrastructure and other trade
related interventions
• Includes supply chain development, quality
control and management system development,
export infrastructure, and global trade policies
and agreements.
• Lead institution: Mr Baba Dioum, Conference of
Ministers of Agriculture of West and Central
Africa (CMA/AOC) ([email protected]).
CAADP Pillars contd.
Pillar 3: Increasing food supply and reducing
hunger across the region by increasing
smallholder productivity and improving
responses to food emergencies
• Includes emergency food supply management,
nutrition, school feeding schemes, HIV/AIDS
support strategies, and attention to priority
livelihood sectors.
• Lead institutions: Prof. Sheryl Hendricks,
University of KwaZulu Natal - African Centre for
Food Security
CAADP Pillars contd.
Pillar 4: Improving agricultural research and
systems to disseminate appropriate new
technologies and increasing the support given to
help farmers adopt them
• Includes technology development, access and
dissemination, innovation systems platforms, and
building research capacity and training.
• Lead institution: Dr Monty Jones, Forum for
Agricultural Research in Africa (FARA)
(mjones@fara africa.org, http://www.faraafrica.org).
Country Status
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42 have engaged
23 countries signed the COMPACT
18 countries have investment plans
13 have undergone technical reviews and have
organized business meetings
The Role of Regional Economic
Communities
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Each Regional Economic Community (REC) establishes its own priorities based on
the continent-wide Pillars. They are supposed to lead CAADP from a political point
of view. Increasingly, the RECs are drivers of change in the continent.
In reality, there has been various levels of progress and engagement by the RECs.
By June 2008, all RECs were working at various levels towards the CAADP Round
Table processes. By December 2008, at least a dozen countries will have signed
their CAADP Compacts. However, the most notable engagement has been realised
by COMESA and ECOWAS. The types of support that ECA have contributed to
includes:
Guiding countries in how best to implement CAADP
Providing funds to support the roll-out of CAADP in regions and countries
Monitoring and evaluation to check progress towards CAADP targets in the region
Providing technical and financial support to help member states to produce CAADP
compacts
Coordinating the regional implementation of the CAADP framework
Designing and implementing the CAADP Compact in the region
Ensuring that the CAADP principles of inclusiveness, peer review and policy
efficiency are adhered to
ECOWAS AGRICULTURAL POLICY
(ECOWAP)
• Within the CAADP framework, ECOWAS was mandated
to support and coordinate the implementation of the
programme in the West Africa region
• ECOWAS developed the regional agricultural policy
(ECOWAP) - a framework of reference that provides the
principles and objectives assigned to the agricultural
sector and guides interventions in agricultural
development in the region
• The agenda is an integral part of national efforts to
promote agricultural sector growth and economic
development. ECOWAP/CAADP action plan developed
for 2005 – 2010 It is The ECOWAP is a framework of
What value NSA add to the CAADP
process – Church groupings as well
1. Putting CAADP plans into action
2. Raising awareness and engaging NSAs
3. Raising awareness and mobilizing the public from
national to community level
4. Knowledge generation and sharing best practices
5. Advocacy to governments, donors and other
stakeholders to support the CAADP process
6. Capacity development of national and regional
stakeholders
7. Increasing CAADP engagement with women & youth
Proposed engagement processes
• Development of toolkit
• Develop guidelines for boosting NSA participation in CAADP
processes
• Conduct review and analysis of the CAADP framework and
investment plans - to ensure they include youth, gender and
climate change concerns
• Conduct capacity building and organise dialogues between
governments and NSAs
• Secure funding to conduct NSA dialogues
• Assessment of investment plans – people centred or sourcing
funds?
• Budget tracking vs. policy recommendations
• Involvement of the masses
• The signing of MOUs
THANK YOU FOR
YOUR ATTENTION