Transcript No Slide Title

FAA Runway Safety Briefing
Sun ‘n Fun EAA Fly-In
April 2002
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Outcome: Zero fatalities
resulting from runway
incursions.
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What Do You Think?
Q: What is the most common runway incursion
caused by pilots?
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Runway Incursions
A runway incursion is any occurrence on an airport
runway involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on
the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a
loss of required separation with an aircraft taking off,
landing, or intending to land.
The FAA investigates runway incursions and attributes the
occurrence to one or more of the following error types:
– Operational Error
– Pilot Deviation
– Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviation
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The U.S. National Airspace System is
the Busiest in the World
Growing demand for air travel and NAS capacity
Over 64 million operations a year = 175,000 a day (11 yr avg)
Over 650,000 pilots – 240,000 aircraft
Over 16,000 air traffic controllers
Over 450 towered
airports
General Aviation accounted for 57% of FY 2001 operations
Pressure to reduce delays and to enhance safety
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Runway Incursions and General
Aviation Statistics
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General Aviation and Air Carrier
Airports by Runway Incursions
(CY1997 – 2001)
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Total Ops (1997-2001)
SNA – 2.1M STL – 2.5M
LGB – 2.1M PHX – 2.9M
FXE – 1.2M DFW – 4.4M
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38
41
40
34
38
# of Runway Incursions
32
# of Runway Incursions
30
30
20
18
11
11
11
10
35
30
30
29
27
25
23
22
20
22
18
14
15
10
6
6
5
0
0
SNA
VGT
FXE
LGB
CCR
APA
PRC
SRQ
VNY
SFB
General Aviation Airports
LAX
STL
PHX DFW ORD SFO BOS EWR LAS LGA
Air Carrier Airports
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Percentage of General Aviation Pilot
Deviations
Non-GA
PDs 30%
V/PD
20%
OE/D
25%
PD
54%
GA PDs
70%
V/PD
21%
OE/D
23%
CY 1997-2000
Non-GA
PDs 26%
PD
56%
GA PDs
74%
CY 2001
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Runway Incursions
500
431
383
400
NON-PD
325
292
300
NON-PD
321
NON-PD
NON-PD
NON-PD
PDs not
GA
200
100
0
PDs not
GA
PDs not
GA
PDs not
GA
94 GA
PDs
122 GA
PDs
135 GA
PDs
194 GA
PDs
158 GA
PDs
67%
65%
74%
75%
74%
CY97
CY98
CY99
CY00
CY01
64.44
66.21
PDs not
GA
68.67
67.68
65.45
Total Tower Operations (millions)
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What Do You Think?
Q: What’s the common theme?
A: Human Error
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Primary Causal Factors of Pilot Deviation
Runway Incursions (1997-2001)
There were 970 Pilot Deviation Runway Incursions
719 of these Pilot Deviations were able to be evaluated
537 from pilot either entering the runway or crossing the
hold short line after acknowledging hold short instructions
95 from pilots departing after acknowledging “taxi into
position and hold” instructions
Other pilot deviations included landing over aircraft in position
and landing/departing on closed runways
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What Do You Think?
Q: How many pilot deviations are General Aviation?
Out of 537 pilots either entering the runway or crossing the
hold short line after acknowledging hold short instructions,
368 involved General Aviation - that’s 69%!
Out of 95 pilots departing after acknowledging
“taxi into position and hold” instructions,
70 involved General Aviation – that’s 74%!
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What Do You Think?
Q: What are the most recurring pilot deviations?
1. Pilots acknowledge hold short instructions and either
enter the runway or cross the hold short line
2. Pilots depart after acknowledging “taxi into position
and hold” instructions
3. Pilots land over aircraft in position
4. Pilots land/depart on closed runways
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Helpful Hints
Read back all runway crossing and/or hold short
instructions
Review airport layouts as part of preflight planning and
before descending to land, and while taxiing as needed
Know airport signage and markings
Review Notices to Airmen (NOTAM) for information on
runway/taxiway closures and construction areas
Do not hesitate to request progressive taxi instructions
from ATC when unsure of the taxi route
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Helpful Hints
Check for traffic before crossing any Runway Hold Line and
before entering a taxiway
Turn on aircraft lights and rotating beacon while taxiing and on
runway
When landing, clear the active runway as quickly as possible
then call for taxi instructions before further movement
Study and use proper radio phraseology as described in the
Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) in order to respond to
and understand ground control instructions
Write down taxi instructions at airports
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Sarasota Bradenton
X
The most recent fatal U.S. runway collision accident
occurred in March 2000, when two general aviation aircraft
collided on the runway at the Bradenton International Airport in
Sarasota, Florida, killing all four onboard.
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Here’s How We Are Helping
Sponsor new technology
Distribute runway safety materials
Notify pilots of certification requirements
Survey pilots on understanding of procedures
Improve data and statistics tracking
Partner with Industry to better inform our users
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Technology
 AMASS
– A total of 40 Systems – 37 anticipated to be commissioned
by the end of ’03 at 34 airports, and 3 support
– 11 Systems Commissioned: San Francisco, Detroit, Los
Angeles #1 and #2, Salt Lake City, Seattle, Chicago, St.
Louis, Boston, Miami and Newark
ASDE-X
– Software Development In Progress
– Site Acceptance Test at Milwaukee in September ’02
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Technology
Other Technologies being assessed
– Motion Activated Lighting System (MALS)
– Ground Marker
– Electronic Message Board
– Runway Status Lights System
– Safe Flight 21 – Surface Moving Map
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Advisory Circulars
AC No. 120-74
– Part 121, 125 and 135 flight crew procedures during taxi
procedures
AC No. 91-73
– Part 91 pilot and flight crew procedures during taxi
operations and part 135 single-pilot operations
 Recently published, available through the runway
safety website (www.faa.gov/runwaysafety), and part
of an upcoming mailing to pilots.
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Practical Test Standards
Surface operations are a required topic for practical
test standards
Required both for initial and recurrent certification for
pilots and Certified Flight Instructors
Standards will be published April 30, 2002
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CFR Part 91.129(i) Survey
Contains a provision that states — “A clearance to “taxi to” the
takeoff runway assigned to the aircraft is not a clearance to cross that
assigned takeoff runway, or to taxi on that runway at any point, but is
a clearance to cross other runways that intersect the taxi route to that
assigned takeoff runway.”
176 pilots surveyed at Oshkosh Fly-in, 7/01
– Four scenarios presented
– 48 pilots (28.1 percent) responded correctly to all four scenarios
– Majority of CFI-rated pilots, (55.8 percent), responded incorrectly
Most pilots misunderstood a taxiing clearance that
involved crossing a runway that was the assigned
takeoff runway
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Runway Safety Website
www.faa.gov/runwaysafety
www.faa.gov/runwaysafety
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Visit us in the FAA FSDO Safety Center hangar to
 Participate in a Pilot Situational Awareness Survey
 Check your knowledge of airfield markings
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FAA Runway Safety Briefing
Sun ‘n Fun EAA Fly-In
April 2002
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