Plant Systems

 On the following slides, the green sections are the most important.

 Underline words = vocabulary!

 The Texas Bluebonnet (

Lupinus texensis

) is our state flower and a plant native to Texas.  Remember that plants are NOT dead, but very much alive and composed of eukaryotic cells!  In this unit we will discuss the systems in plants, specifically transport, reproduction, and response. Background Image http://www.respect-texas.org/bluebonnets.jpg

 Copy this list (1 st Vocab List: page for our new unit ).  As we move through the unit, update the page # of these vocabulary words to help you prepare and study!

– Gravitropism – Hydrotropism – Nastic response – Phloem – Phototropism – Pistil – Stamen – Stigma – Stoma – Thigmotropism – Xylem

Review of Plant Cells

http://www.terrebonneonline.

com/plantcell1.jpg

 Plants are multicellular eukaryotes w/ cell walls made of cellulose.

 Plants are autotrophs carryout photosynthesis to obtain energy.

that  To carry out cellular functions , plants need : – Sunlight – Water – CO 2 – Minerals

Review of Photosynthesis

6CO

2

+ 6H

2

0 + LIGHT C

(Carbon dioxide) (water) 6

H

12

0

6

+ 60

2 (glucose) (oxygen)  Photosynthesis – the process by which plants convert light energy and carbon dioxide into sugars as a food source for the plant.

http://s2.hubimg.com/u/701793_f520.jpg

Cell Specialization

  Plants have functions).

cell specialization (different cell types perform specific EX Root cells, plant.

and cells, stem flower cells all have specific functions (jobs) petal that they carry out for the http://www.bio.txstate.edu/~wetlands/Kids_and_Teens_Pag e/parts%20of%20a%20plant.jpg

Specialized Tissues - Leaves

http://www.ecomagic.org/fruition/leaves-1.jpg

 Leaf is the organ most photosynthesis, and transpiration [evaporation from plants] occurs.

where  Remember, photosynthesis is used by plants to create energy.  Through the leaf run veins transport water, sugars, and minerals to the plant cells.

Specialized Tissues - Stems

 Stems are specialized cells that support leaves to hold them up to sun and through the plant. transport water, sugars, and nutrients  Some areas.

stems are also modified for sugar [glucose] storage http://www.arboretum.fullerton.edu/grow/ima ges/plant_organs.jpg

Specialized Tissues - Roots

 Roots are underground organs that absorb water and minerals necessary for transport in the plant and anchor [hold] the plant in the soil.

 They help to prevent soil erosion.

– taproot – (ex: carrot) single large central root – fibrous root – (ex: grasses) clump of short threadlike divisions http://www.kidsgardening.com/onlinecourse/Diagrams/c5/c5-1root.gif

Transport Tissues

 Just like in animals, vascular [vein] tissue is the transport system for the plant.  Xylem – transports water (L for liquid) in stacked cells to form tube like drinking straws ; movement is UP from roots to leaves  Phloem – transports sugar/food ; movement can be up and down http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_b8o0_bDa4QI/RsKvBY5ZufI/AAAAAAA AAF0/BmCafNOYe6A/s400/xylem1%5B1%5D.gif

Reproductive Tissues - Flowers

 Flowers are a reproductive organ (but not all plants have flowers).  They have male and female parts. – pollination – transporting pollen (sperm) from the male to female parts (ovule) – fertilization – union of sperm with egg ( creates a development of a plant embryo [seed] which grows into a mature plant). http://www.prairiefrontier.com/pages/families/flwrparts.jpg

Flower Parts

 Male – Stamen – consist of the anther (produces pollen) and filament (supports anther) – Pollen – contains sperm  Female – Pistil – consist of the stigma (where pollen lands), style (connects stigma to ovary) and the ovule (develops into the fruit)  – Ovule – develops into an egg , eventually becomes the seeds when fertilized Non-sexual – Petals – Sepals – colored parts, attract pollinators (EX bees) – green parts, protect flower parts

Flower Parts Cont.

http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/artoct08/bj-peru.html

Reproductive Tissues - Seeds

http://asm.wku.edu/courses/Biol115/Wyatt/Plants/ seeds/seed.gif

 Seed Plants form supply) seeds (a plant embryo surrounded by a food in order to reproduce.   Seeds are encased in a protective covering called a seed coat.

EX fleshy fruit such as strawberries, apple, tomato, peach, cucumber  EX dry fruit such as walnuts and acorns http://urbanext.illinois.edu/gpe/imag es_rev/seed-pics.jpg

Seedless Reproduction

 Seedless plants do not form hard seeds ( EX mosses and ferns) and therefore these plants MUST have water in order for the sperm to swim to the egg.

http://biology.uwsp.edu/courses/plantid/cp-seedless/images/cp seedless-images-sm/013-d.lg.sm.jpg

Response

 Just like animals, plants respond to changes in their environments (called tropism ).  There are four main types of tropisms: – Gravitropism/Geotropism make it grow either = response in plants that with the pull of gravity or against it – Hydrotropism towards water = response in plants that bends it – Phototropism towards light = response in plants that bends it – Thigmotropism = response in plants that bends it around an object (EX a vine wrapping around an arbor)

Response Cont.

http://withfriendship.com/images/h/38808/Tropism-picture.gif

Response Cont.

 Another type of response , specifically response . to changes in pressure, is called a nastic  The most common example is the infamous Venus flytrap which closes its leaf when the plant senses an insect through changes in cell pressure.  North Carolina’s Nastic Slideshow http://www.justvenusflytraps.com/images/homepagei mage.jpg

Conclusion

 Plants provide consumers with oxygen to breathe, food , shelter , as well as cleaning the air and water for the planet. This photo was taken in the Scottish Highlands.  Just like animals, plants are active responders within various environments to survive and thrive.  Their use and importance is numerous ; humans use plants with healing properties in medical treatments .