Transcript Mammalia - TypePad

Bird Vocab Quiz- Study Vocab!!!!
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Mammalia
SZ2- Students will explain the evolutionary
history of animals over the geological history
of Earth.
Mammals evolved from early synapsid reptiles
Primitive Chordate
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Fish
Two Chambered Heart
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Amphibian Heart3 Chambers
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Reptilian Heart – 3 chambers
Crocodile- incomplete 4
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Fig. 48.28
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Synapsids
•Animals with one skull
opening behind eye socket
•Located in the temporal
region
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Pelycosaurs
• Synapsid reptiles from
Pennsylvanian and
Permian
– 300-245 MYA
• Body close to ground
• Legs away from body
• Canine like teeth
Dimetron
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Therapsids
• Before dinosaurs
• Evidence suggests
Mammals evolved from
therapsids
• Body raised off the
ground
• Limbs more under the
body
• Teeth differentiated into
3 types
Lystrosaurus
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Cynodonts “dog tooth”
• Lumbar ribs reduced or
absent
• Well developed
secondary palate
• Lower jaw reduced to
one bone
Thrinaxodon
Cynognathus
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Transitional Fossil
Thrinaxodon
250-245 mya
Body divided into lumbar and thoracic
regions
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Transitional Fossil
Cynognathus
245-230 mya
May have been
endothermic and gave
birth to live young
Smaller than a wolf
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Cladogram of Synapsids
Cynodonts
Therapsids
Pelycosaurs
Mammals
Molars, hair, glands
Reduced ribs, 1 jaw
bone
Limbs under body,
different types of teeth
Canine like teeth
Synapsid reptiles
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Early Mammals
• Triassic
– 225 MYA
• Small
Megazostrodon
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Repenomamus robustus
Ate Dinosaurs
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Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Class Mammalia
1. Have fur/hair
2. mammary glands
3. Viviparous- Give birth to live young (except monotremes)
4. Length of time in uterus - gestation period
5. Extended parental care
6. 4 chambered heart
7. endothermic
Mammalian Anatomical Adaptations
1. Muscular Diaphragm
2. Specialized teeth
3. Seven cervical(neck)vertebrae
4. Outer ear
5. Well developed brain- Largest
cerebrum
6. Sweat glands
7. Diphyodont teeth
Two sets
8. Heterodont teeth
Different shapes and functions
Basic Mammal
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Lion
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Rhinoceros
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Gorilla
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Chimpanzee
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Chimp and Human
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Bat
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Same bones, different stance
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Incisors
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Canine
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Premolars
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Molars
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Mammal Circulation
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Fig. 31.12
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Humans Reunite with Animals They
Raised
• http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/25929574/ns
/today-today_pets_and_animals/t/hugginglions-ex-owners-reflect-his-legacy/
• http://www.treehugger.com/naturalsciences/gorilla-reunites-with-the-man-whoraised-him-video.html
Mammal Classification
• 14 major orders
• Over 4,000 species
• About half are rodents
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Monotremes
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“cloaca”
Lay eggs
Incubate 12 days
Lick milk from mothers
fur
• Transitional species
• Ex. Echidna, duck-billed
platypus
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Marsupials
• Pouched mammals
• Birth to tiny embryo
• Embryo attaches to
mother’s nipple to
complete development
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmJkn9dJ
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DQ8
Marsupials and Monotremes in Australia
• Triassic Period
– Mammals evolved
– Pangea
• Jurassic Period
– Monotremes and
marsupials migrated to
southern pangea
• Cretaceous Period
– Pangea breaks up
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Placental Mammals
• Placenta nourishes
embryo
• Long gestation period
– 22 months for elephant
• Most successful group
of mammals
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Placental Mammals
• Competitive advantage
over monotremes and
marsupials
– Better nutrition from
placenta
– Less vulnerable to
predators
• More advanced at birth
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Evolution of Placenta from Amniotic Egg
Reptile
• Mammal
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Chorion
– Oxygen from air
Amnion
– Provides private pond
Yolk Sac
– Food for embryo
Allantois
– Store urinary waste
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Chorion
– Form placenta to get oxygen &
food from mothers blood
Amnion
– Provides private pond
Yolk sac
– Temporarily make RBCs
Allantois
– Form umbilical cord
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Placental: Order Insectivora
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Sharp-snout
Small
Burrow underground
Eat insects
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Order Chiroptera
• Only Flying mammals
• Elongated fingers
• Echolocation
• Ex. bats
Importance• Seed dispersal
• Pollination
• Control insects
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Echolocation
http://animal.discovery.com/videos/fooled-by-nature-bat-vsunderwing-moth.html
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/mammalsanimals/dolphins-and-porpoises/narwhals.html
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Smallest Mammal
• Kitti’s hog-nosed Bat
• Bumble bee size
• 1.5 grams
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Order Xenarthra
• Toothless or peg like
teeth
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Order Carnivora
• Large canine teeth
• Teeth adapted to shear
flesh
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Order Rodentia
• Chisel-like incisor teeth
• Continuously grow
• Largest order
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Order Cetacea “large sea animal”
• Front limbs modified
into flippers
• No hind limbs
• Marine
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Whales
• Blue whale
• 100 feet long, 120 tons
– 9 story building
• Loudest animal– 188 dB
• Sound travels 100’s of miles
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Blue Whale
• Baleen whale
• Eats krill
– Tiny crustaceans
– 400 pounds/day
• Heart weighs 1000
pounds
– Size of a Volkswagen
• Endangered species
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Grey Whale
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Migrates 12,500 miles
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Grey Whale
• 50 feet long
• 35 tons
• Baleen whale
– Sift mud
• Endangered species
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Killer Whale
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Breaching
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Killer Whale
• 12,000 pounds
• Eat fish, squid, seals and
whales
– 200 pounds/day
• Swim 30 mph
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Humpback Whale
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Order Pinnipedia
• “fin feet”
• Limbs modified for
swimming
• Marine carnivores
• Seals, sea lions, walrus
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Order Proboscidea
• Tusks
• Largest living land
mammal
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Order Artiodactyla
• “even toe”
• Two or four toes
• Giraffes, impalas,
moose, bison, cows
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Order Perissodactyla
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“odd toed”
One or three toes
Horses
rhinos
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Order Primata
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Opposable thumb
Binocular vision
Fingernails usually
Mammary glands
reduced to one thoracic
pair
• Most intelligent group
of animals
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The End
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Evolution
• Change over time
• Which Chordate class do you think has more
advantages/adaptations to survive changing
times?
• Which classes have disadvantages?
• Which Chordate classes can you see
evolutionary similarities in so far?