Transcript PPT - Fidic
Sustainable Municipal Infrastructure FIDIC Beijing Conference William S. Howard, P.E., FACEC Past Chair, ACEC Executive Vice President, CDM September 2005 Sustainable Infrastructure It’s more than built to last… It’s: Livable cities Urban sustainability Green buildings Smart growth Guiding Principle Balance infrastructure needs with environmental protection to enhance the quality of life for present and future generations. Worldwide Sustainable Development Milestones 1987 – Our Common Future 1992 – Agenda 21 2000 – Millennium Declaration 2002 – World Summit National Sustainable Development Strategies The Case for Sustainability Higher standards of living 2. World population growth: 1. Population (billions) 12 10 World 8 Developing Countries Developed Countries 6 4 2 Source: United Nations 0 1950 2000 2050 Year 2100 2150 The Case for Sustainability 3. Poverty Rate Food Consumption 4. 50 3400 Calories/Person/Day 30 20 3000 2600 2200 10 1800 0 1986 1990 1991 1993 1996 2000 Sub-Sahara Africa South Asia World East Asia Latin America North Africa/West Africa Eastern Europ/Former Sovie Union Source: World Bank 19 65 19 70 19 75 19 80 19 85 19 90 20 00 20 10 20 20 20 30 Poverty Rate (%) 40 Sub-Sahara Africa South Asia Developed Countries East Asia Latin America Source: FAO Today’s Speakers 1. 2. 3. Althea Povey – South Africa (Name TBD) – China Bill Howard – United States (end of introductory remarks) Sustainable Municipal Infrastructure FIDIC Beijing Conference—Morning Workshop William S. Howard, P.E., FACEC Past Chair, ACEC Executive Vice President, CDM September 2005 Elements of Sustainable Infrastructure Environmental Economic Quality protection development of life This Paper—A Brief Overview of Sustainable Development Issues Morning Session Engineers and sustainability Water resources Energy generation/renewable resources Energy Star program Afternoon Session Abandoned properties (brownfields) Green buildings Energy Star program American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Policy The role of the civil engineer in sustainable development: Promote understanding Advance skills Advocate responsible economic approaches Promote holistic approaches Promote performance-based standards Water Resources Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) for Water Management Los Angeles, California – Meet water resources needs for 4.5 million people by 2020 in a city with limited water resources Challenge Non-integrated utilities inefficient and nonsustainable Goals of IRP Goal #1: Regional watershed approach Goal #2: Involve the public Maximize existing infrastructure and minimize new construction to meet future needs IRP Recommendations Recycling water from current and future facilities Building new wastewater facilities “upstream” Reducing rainfall-dependent inflow and infiltration Increasing water conservation Reusing more wet weather urban runoff Finding beneficial reuses of biosolids STELLA—Water Resources Modeling Software “Water resource systems analysis” tool Study tradeoffs/interdependencies between physical, environmental, and socioeconomic aspects Integrated planning tool Systems model, not a model of a system Descriptive, NOT prescriptive STELLA STELLA model showing an interconnected four-reservoir supply system and its complex interdependencies (red arrows). Trinity River Vision Fort Worth, Texas Beautification of 1,942 hectares of green space Revitalize 324 waterfront hectares for residential, office, and retail use Result – A revitalized, attractive, healthier downtown Fort Worth Marina Barrage Singapore Independent Flood Water Supply control Recreation Education Enhanced downtown Marina Barrage Singapore Ireland’s Water Management Plan Nationwide water management program Protect and enhance water quality Catchment-basin approach Integration of multiple stakeholders Success based on interrelationships of complex, real-world issues New Bedford’s Integrated Vision Merge needs for clean water and public space Comprehensive noise and odor control 114-mld plant sits on 12 hectares, leaving… 20 hectares of recreation land and 2-kilometer shoreline to public access Partnership among various disciplines Cities of the Future Fresh, proactive, and stakeholder-based approaches Join environmental planners, treatment experts, transportation specialists, modelers, landscape architects, financial planners, and other stakeholders Restore cities through “soft” and “hard” approaches Proposed “Cities of the Future” Workshop National Science Foundation Center for Urban Environmental Studies at Northeastern University Corporate, non-profit, academic sponsors Interdisciplinary panel of experts to develop visionary concepts Urban water quality and hydrology Green cities and smart growth Address legal, social, ecological barriers Energy Generation Global Energy Use Global energy use will increase 1.7% annually to 2030 Fossil fuels will supply 90% of energy sources Carbon dioxide emissions will increase 1.8% annually to 2030 CO2 Capture Project International effort Reduce CO2 emissions by sequestration Scotland to capture greenhouse gases in North Sea oil field Injections may help recover oil “…The longer we wait—and the more infrastructure we build without regard to its affect on emissions— the more daunting the task of keeping CO2 levels from increasing beyond dangerous levels.” Elizabeth Kolbert The New Yorker May 9, 2005 North American Energy Use Fossil fuel consumption and emissions are 10 times higher per capita in North America 1.4% average annual increase in energy demand Since 1973, U.S. foreign oil dependence increased from 35% to 53% and natural gas imports rose from less than 5% to more than 15% 86% of U.S. energy consumption from coal, oil, and natural gas. Oil reserves could be exhausted within next century Renewable Energy Environmentally sound option to reduce dependence Solar, hydro, biomass, geothermal, tidal, wind In 2001, renewable energy resources supplied 6 to 7 percent of U.S. energy: 42% - hydroelectric 50% - biomass/biofuels 5.5% - geothermal 1% - solar energy 1% - wind Solar Photovoltaic Systems Photo © 2005 PowerLight Corporation Convert sunlight directly into electricity Reliable, predictable electricity for peak power grid capacity Solar Photovoltaic Systems Photo © 2005 PowerLight Corporation World’s largest solar power generation facility in Germany Three German installations total 10 peak MW of generating capacity Renewable Energy Wind power gaining ground in U.S. Land-based wind parks in California, Hawaii, Iowa, and Texas Offshore wind parks relatively new, but being considered World’s Biggest Wind Turbine Started in Germany in February by RE Power 120-meters tall 5 MW maximum production capacity Energy Plans for 5,000 homes for installation offshore near Scotland © REPower Cape Cod Wind Farm © Photo and digital turbines by Environmental Design and Research 130 wind turbines will produce 420 MW of power for more than 231,000 homes Replace 113 million gallons of oil/year Eliminate emissions, reduce greenhouse gases Save costs more than $800 million in energy GeoThermal Energy 50,000 times the energy of all oil and gas resources Clean, reliable, and homegrown $1.5-billion-per-year enterprise in United States 2,000 MW of electricity generation; 650 MW of non-electric applications; 3,700 MW of thermal energy Geothermal power development could exceed $25 billion in 10 – 15 years Energy Star Program Energy Star Program Established in 1992 for energy-efficient computers Identify products to save energy and reduce greenhouse emissions 28,000 $10 products in 40 categories billion in energy and cost savings (2004) Prevented vehicles emissions equivalent to 18 million Exit Signs Fluorescent Light Bulbs Sustainable Development for the Future Complex and long-term challenges will take sustained effort for generations No one approach, no one single formula A “blueprint” for sustainable development is neither possible nor desirable Every country, community, environmental steward, and municipality must take a proactive role in shaping the future (end of morning workshop) Sustainable Municipal Infrastructure FIDIC Beijing Conference—Afternoon Workshop William S. Howard, P.E., FACEC Past Chair, ACEC Executive Vice President, CDM September 2005 This Paper—A Brief Overview of Sustainable Development Issues Morning Session Engineers and sustainability Water resources Energy generation/renewable resources Energy Star program Afternoon Session Abandoned properties (brownfields) Green buildings Energy Star program American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) Policy The role of the civil engineer in sustainable development: Promote understanding Advance skills Advocate responsible economic approaches Promote holistic approaches Promote performance-based standards Abandoned Properties (Brownfields) Brownfields – Mitigating the Developed Country Disaster Abandoned landfills, industries, military bases, etc. Impact to property values, health, and a city’s economic viability Revitalization through responsible sustainable investment Danehy Park Cambridge, Massachusetts First major landfill to be redeveloped for active recreational use Nine sports fields, lighted artificial turf field and track Recreational opportunities realized on existing city-owned property 20 percent of Cambridge park land is now on former landfills/dumps Gilbert & Mosley Wichita, Kansas Once a liability (1,558-hectare hazardous waste site) Posed human health, environment, and economic risks Gilbert & Mosley Wichita, Kansas an asset – WATER (Wichita Area Treatment Education and Remediation) Center Now Playa Vista Southern California 405-hectare property near Los Angeles 243 hectares contaminated from aircraft industry Home to Howard Hughes and his “Spruce Goose” Site recently used for movies industry Soil & groundwater remediation on more than 12 source areas Playa Vista Southern California Health-based remediation goals 243 hectares developed for residential, commercial, and retail 162 hectares used as open space and reclaimed wetlands Brownfields Successes Since 1995, U.S. EPA has awarded $382 million in grants and loans for brownfields redevelopment This has led to more than $7 billion in public and private redevelopment investments in more than 5,100 properties Buildings Sustainable Building Development 76 million residential and 5 million commercial buildings use: 39% of all energy consumed in U.S. 70% of all electricity 12.2%(15 trillion gallons/year) of potable water used in commercial buildings Buildings are major source of emissions: 49% of sulfur dioxide 25% of nitrous oxide 10% of particulate 18% of carbon dioxide Green Building Practices Environmentally sound, resource efficient Integrated approach to design, energy efficiency, renewable energy, water conservation Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) National standard for high-performance, sustainable buildings 2% investment in LEED result in 20% lifecycle savings Bank of America Tower World's most environmentally responsible high-rise office building First to strive for the U.S. Green Building Council's LEED Platinum designation Innovative, high-performance technologies Uses dramatically less energy, consumes less potable water, provides a healthy and productive indoor environment All Building Renderings: dbok for Cook+Fox Architects. Bank of America Tower Emphasis on sustainability, water efficiency, indoor air quality, energy Constructed of recycled/ recyclable materials Filtered air, insulating glass, cogeneration plant Capture and reuse rainwater Planted roofs reduce urban heat Evening ice production to reduce peak loads All Building Renderings: dbok for Cook+Fox Architects. The Future of Buildings More than 2,000 LEED registered/certified projects in 50 states and 12 countries Membership in Green Building Council grown by 1,000% in past 4 years 21 million square meters of LEED registered commercial building space 2003 annual market for green building product and services is $5.8 billion – 34% growth from 2002 Sustainable Building Approaches Carefully evaluate facility location and site selection Preserve natural habitats and protect wetlands Use natural shading, maximize daylight access Employ xeriscaping (slow-growing, drought-tolerant plants) Avoid over watering Use rainwater collection systems Design small building footprints to create large open space Sustainable Building Approaches Install automatic light sensors Use window coverings to reduce solar heating Seal heating & cooling ducts Use carpets that can be recycled Install high-efficiency lighting Reduce hot water settings Use light-colored roofing materials Turn off computers & monitors each night Develop “best practices” programs Energy Star Program Energy Star Program Established in 1992 for energy-efficient computers Identify products to save energy and reduce greenhouse emissions 28,000 $10 products in 40 categories billion in energy and cost savings (2004) Prevented vehicles emissions equivalent to 18 million Exit Signs Fluorescent Light Bulbs Sustainable Development for the Future Complex and long-term challenges will take sustained effort for generations No one approach, no one single formula A “blueprint” for sustainable development is neither possible nor desirable Every country, community, environmental steward, and municipality must take a proactive role in shaping the future Thank You! (end of afternoon workshop)