Transcript The 13 Original colonies of America

Instructional Objectives
• TLW: Identify the 13 original English colonies, when
they were founded, who established them, and why.
• TLW: Complete map activity related to establishment
of 13 colonies.
• Classify characteristics of major historic events:
colonization.
• Recognize the historical impacts of European
settlements in North America.
The 13 Originals
Exploring the who, when, where, and
why behind the 13 original colonies of
early America.
What’s it to you?
• What would it be like to start a new
town?
• What kind of obstacles would you face?
• Would you have enough support
(money and friends) to do it?
• Is there something you have ever tried to
start in your life that might be like this?
• These may have been some of the
questions the early settlers asked
themselves when they started.
What
do you
think?
Colony # 1: Virginia
• Founded in 1607 (Jamestown)
• Captain John Smith is given credit
for starting this colony.
• Many people at this time wanted to
leave their homeland in order to
have more freedoms and to not be
under the strict rule of the kings of
England.
• Southern Colony
Colony # 1: Virginia
At Jamestown Settlement, replicas of
Christopher Newport's 3 ships are
docked in the harbor.
A Pocahontas
statue was
erected in
Jamestown,
Virginia in 1922
Map of Virginia published by
John Smith (1612)
Colony # 2: Massachusetts
• Founded in 1620 by the
Pilgrims.
• Plymouth was the original
name of the settlement.
• John Carver was the leader of
the Pilgrims and author of the
Mayflower Compact.
• Puritans then came and settled
Boston (Mass. Bay Colony)
• John Winthrop was the
governor of this settlement.
• New England Colony
Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor by William Halsall
(1882)
Plymouth Plantation, with
Cape Cod Bay visible in the
distance
Colony # 2: Massachusetts
The first Thanksgiving.
Colony # 3: Maryland
• Founded in 1634 by George
Calvert who started a charter
but didn’t live to see it come
true. He believed all people
should have religious
freedom.
• King Charles I was king and
didn’t agree with the religious
freedom.
• In 1649, the Toleration Act
was passed that guaranteed
equality of rights for everyone
for religion.
• Southern Colony
George Calvert, Lord
Baltimore
Colony #4: Rhode Island
• In 1636, Rhode Island
became a colony after
Roger Williams, a
clergyman, obtained a
charter from England to
form the colony.
• He spoke out against the
Puritans strictness and
went to this area to settle
and provide religious
choice.
• Rhode Island also had
freedom of religion.
• New England Colony
Roger Williams
“minister, author”
Colony #5: Connecticut
• Also founded in 1636
by a clergyman by
then name of Thomas
Hooker.
• He led a group of
people from Rhode
Island to start their
own colony and they
had freedom of
religion.
• New England
Colony
A map of the Connecticut, New
Haven, and Saybrook colonies.
Colony #6: North Carolina
• Founded in 1663 by
English nobles.
• Charter granted by
Charles II.
• Charleston: main city
was named after
Charles II. Became
very important port
city.
• Bad politics forced a
split of the colony into
North and South.
• Southern Colony
King Charles II
Colony #7: South Carolina
• In 1729 South
Carolina received its
name after a political
dispute and became a
colony.
• Had large plantations
for growing crops and
raising livestock.
• Southern Colony
Colony #8: New York
• Started as New
Netherland, a Dutch
colony in 1609
• James Duke of York was
given it from Charles II.
• The English took over in
1664 and renamed it New
York.
• Middle Colony
(Breadbasket Colony)
James, Duke of York
Colony #9: New Hampshire
• Sold to the king of
England in 1679.
• Royal colony: king
chooses governor
and no elected
government.
• New England
Colony
Colony #10: Pennsylvania
• In 1681, William Penn was
granted a charter for land
between Maryland and
New York.
• King Charles was in debt to
Penn’s father.
• Penn was a Quaker and he
gave the people two rights:
1. Freedom of Religion
2. Right to elect public
officials.
• Middle Colony
(Breadbasket Colony
Colony #11: Delaware
• In 1682, the Duke of
York granted William
Penn this land.
• It became a colony in
1704.
• Middle Colony
(Breadbasket Colony)
Colony #12: New Jersey
Map of New Netherland (17th
century)
• The Duke of York split
this land in half for two
friends. (East Jersey &
West Jersey)
• Government quarrels
caused them to be
combined in 1702.
• Middle Colony
(Breadbasket Colony)
Colony #13: Georgia
• It became a colony in
1733.
• James Oglethorpe was
granted a charter to start
Georgia for the poor and
unfortunate who leave
prison.
• It was known as a buffer
zone between the
Spanish and the English
colonies.
• Southern Colony
THE AMERICAN COLONIES
Region
NEW ENGLAND
COLONIES
MIDDLE
COLONIES
Geography
Government &
Economy
Religion & Society
• Coastal areas with good
harbors.
• Inland areas with dense
forests.
• Poor rocky soil & short
growing season.
•Small farms. Lumber mills.
Fishing, Shipbuilding and
Trade flourished.
•Most people organized as
congregations. (Puritans)
•Lived on farms, Merchants
controlled trade.
•Artisans made goods,
unskilled workers and
slaves provided labor.
•Fertile soil and long
growing season.
•Colonies grew large
amounts of rye, oats,
barley, potatoes & wheat
as cash crop.
•Rivers ran into
backcountry.
SOUTHERN
COLONIES
•Favorable climate and soil
for agriculture.
•Wide rivers made cities
unnecessary. “Plantations”
•Cities developed along
coast.
•Cities on coast.
•Tobacco, rice & indigo
grown on large plantations
as cash crops.
•Wealthiest people owned
large farms & most
business.
•Most farmers produced a
small surplus.
•Tenants farmers rented
land or worked for wages.
• Religious diversity:
Catholic, Quaker, Protestant
•Wealthy elite controlled
most land.
•Labor supply: indentured
servants & African slaves.
Religion: Anglican
The New England Triangular Trade
Ships followed ocean routes that formed a
triangle on the world map.
The 13 Originals (Conclusion)
• How do you think you would have handled
trying to start a new colony?
• What was the three things most people
wanted when these new colonies were
started?
• Describe the New England Colonies?
• Describe the Middle or Breadbasket
Colonies?
• Describe the Southern Colonies?
The New England Colonies
1.
2.
3.
4.
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Life in Colonial England
• Most New Englanders were:
» Farmers
» Trade
» Sailing and by the sea
• They used ships called schooners were used to
catch cod
• They also were known for whaling
• They used the whales for oil
• Boston was the largest city in the New England
colonies.
Life in Colonial New England
• Schooling was very important to New
Englanders.
• They believed that children should be able
to read so they can read the Bible.
• Massachusetts past a law about public
education in 1647.
• The law said every town with 50 families
or more must have a school.
The New England Colonies
CLIMATE
• Colder than the
other two regions
– Why? Because
they were the
farthest north!
The New England Colonies
GEOGRAPHY
• Mostly hills with rocky
soil
The Middle Colonies
• New Jersey
• Pennsylvania
• New York
• Delaware
Life in the Middle Colonies
• People lived on large farms far apart from
each other.
• Families home schooled their children.
• The farms produced grains such as corn
and wheat.
• They were known as the “Breadbasket of
America”.
• Beaver fur was common for trade.
The Middle Colonies
• The middle colonies unlike the other colonies had
settlers from all different countries:
»
»
»
»
Europe
Germany
Holland
Sweden
• Henry Hudson explored the waterway called the Hudson
River.
• The Dutch built a settlement called New Amsterdam.
• New Amsterdam then became New York when it was
attacked by the English.
• The English also took New Sweden from the Dutch and
called it New Jersey.
The Middle Colonies
CLIMATE
– Moderate in the wintertime, moderately long
for growing crops
GEOGRAPHY
– Hills and flat land
with fertile soil
The Southern Colonies
• Virginia
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Georgia
Life in the Southern Colonies
• There were few towns in the southern
colonies, but several times a year families
living on plantations would travel to the
county seat. This was the main town for
each county, or large part of a colony.
• People went to church and traded crops for
goods at the county seat.
• County seats had a courthouse, church,
general store, and a jail
• Plantation owners bought and sold slaves
here.
The Southern Colonies
NATURAL RESOURCES
The Southern Colonies
AGRICULTURE
• Very productive
• CASH CROPS of tobacco and rice.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
– Rich soil
– Flat ground
– Longer growing season
• Plantations
– Specialized and large.
Contrast between the North and
South
• List 3 differences between the Northern
and Southern colonies.
– Environment/Geography/Climate
– Agriculture
– Manufacturing