Transcript NURSING ONE Medical Terminology
NURSING ONE MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Why Do I Need to Learn Medical Terminology?
Language of the medical field Communication Write and speak concisely Bonus: Improve English skills, test scores, look really smart when watching TV medical shows
Terminology
Vocabulary Used in health care medical terms , originate from Latin & Greek ACRONYM Words formed by combining letters of a word or phrase.
Mash – Mobile Army Surgical Hospital Aids – Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Terminology (cont’d)
EPONYM Word based on name of person Parkinson’s disease Kaposi’s Sarcoma Sulk Vaccine
Medical Elements
300 Latin & Greek word elements Thousands of medical terms are made up of these elements Learning word elements & adding to medical terms starts to increase your English vocabulary. Medical terminology is not a foreign language
Parts of Words
Medical terms Has 2 or three parts; prefix, root, suffix PREFIX – at beginning of word (*not all medical terms have a prefix) ROOT – The word’s foundation. (all medical terms have at least one root- can begin a word) SUFFIX–The word’s ending. (Most have a suffix)
Parts (cont’d)
A combining vowel (usually o) joins a root to another root or to a suffix. Is combining form Example: Thermometer Therm. = heat Meter = measuring device Additional examples combining forms; Hepat –o oste – o neur - o
Parts (cont’d)
Prefix, root, suffix – used in combinations Two, three, suffix + connecting vowels Example: Electrocardiogram – a record Suffix = gram – a recording Root = electr – electrical activity Root = cardi - heart ( o,s) are the connecting vowel
Prefixes
Every word has a root and an ending, but not every word has a prefix Prefix is always at the beginning of a word The meaning of the prefix always stays the same Prefixes are attached to words to express numbers, measurements, position, negative, colors
Parts
Root core of word Prefix- can change the meaning of root Prefix - explains root Example: epigastric – on the stomach hypogastric – below the stomach
Numbers
bi – two, double hemi – half milli – 1/1000 mono – one, single primi – first semi – half tri – three uni – one bicuspid hemiplegic milliliter monocyte primigravida semiconscious triceps uninuclear
Measurements
hyper – excessive multi – many hypertension multipara poly – many polyarthritis hypo – less hypoglycemic
Position and/or Direction
a – without ab – from, away from ad – toward, increase ambi – both, both sides an – without ante – before, in front circum – around apnea abduct adduct ambidextrous analgesic anteroom circumoral
Position (cont’d)
de – down, from dia – through ecto – outside endo – within, epi – upon, over ex – out, away from extra – outside of, beyond descend diagnosis ectopic endothelium epigastric extract extrahepatic
Position (cont’d)
para – near, beside peri - around pre – in front of before post – after retro – backward, behind sub – under, below supra – above, over trans – across, through paracervical perineal pre-operative post operative retroflexion sublingual suprapubic transverse
Color
alb – white rube – red cyano – blue melano – black xanth – yellow albumin rubella cyanosis melanoma xanthrochromic
Negatives & other Common Prefixes
anti – against contra – against antibiotic contraindicated dis – free of, to undo discharge im – not impotence non – not auto - self non-invasive autograft
Common Prefix (cont’d)
hyper – excessive pan – all per – through pseudo – false sym, syn – joined, together tachy – rapid, fast ultra – beyond, excess hypertension pancytopenia percussion pseudoanorexia sympathetic tachycardia ultrasound
Common Root Terms
cardi --- heart fibr --- fibrous tissue gastr --- stomach my ---- muscle mast ------ breast myel – marrow or spinal cord hepat --- liver enter -- intestine oste ----- bone col ----- colon neur ----- nerve chole --- gall or bile arthr ----- joint
Suffix
Suffix : will clarify will make a new word will change the meaning of the root Example: Tonsillitis – inflammation of tonsils Tonsillectomy – removal of tonsils
Common Suffix
porosis ----- porous condition cyte --------- cell ectomy ------ surgical removal algia -------- pain -------- dynia megaly ----- enlargement logy --------- study of itis ------------ inflammation oma --------- tumor
Common Suffix
scope -------- device for viewing scopy -------- act of viewing sclerosis ------ hardness stenosis ------ narrowed, blocked lith ------------ stone, calculus iasis ----------- indicating a condition ic -------------- pertaining to tripsy --------- crushing
Medical Terminology
Gastrectomy Hepatic Hepatocarcinoma Neuropathy Neurofibroma Neurogastric Osteoporosis Osteomyelitis
Medical Terminology
Cholecystectomy Cholelithiasis Cholecystitis Cardiomyopathy Osteoarthritis
Military Time
Meridian time 12 Midnight 1 am 2 am 3 am 4 am 5 am 6 am Military time 2400 hours 0100 hours 0200 hours 0300 hours 0400 hours 0500 hours 0600 hours
Time (cont’d)
7 am 8 am 9 am 10 am 11 am 12 noon 1 pm 2 pm 3 pm 0700 hours 0800 hours 0900 hours 1000 hours 1100 hours 1200 hours 1300 hours 1400 hours 1500 hours
Time (cont’d)
4 pm 5 pm 6 pm 7 pm 8 pm 9 pm 10 pm 11 pm 12 midnight 1600 hours 1700 hours 1800 hours 1900 hours 2000 hours 2100 hours 2200 hours 2300 hours 2400 hours
Frequent Symbols
b.i.d. t.i.d.
q.i.d.
min.
h. or hr.
qh q2h q3h q4h twice a day three times a day four times a day minute hour every hour every two hours every three hours every four hours
Frequency (cont’d)
q 6h q 8h q 12h a p c s q NPO every 6 hours every 8 hours every 12 hours before after with without every nothing by mouth
Symbols
Change Number, followed by a number, pounds # Divided by / Multiplied by, magnification x Equals = Greater than > Less than <
Symbols (cont’d)
gtt tab.
cap.
hs susp.
supp.
drop tablet capsule hour of sleep suspension suppository
Frequent symbols
a.c.
p.c.
ad.lib. p.r.n.
h.s.
stat.
Daily QD (not safe) QOD (not safe) Before meal after meal as desired when necessary hour of sleep, at bedtime immediately, as soon as possible every day every day every other day
Common Medical Abbre. Route
IM IV IVPB SC/SQ SL ID GT NG po Intramuscular Intravenous Intravenous Piggyback Subcutaneous Sublingual Intradermal Gastrostomy tube Nasogastric tube By mouth
JCAHO [do not use abb.]
Abbreviation U ug QD QOD AS.AD.AU
OS, OD, OU Intended units micrograms every day every other day Preferred “units” “mcg” “daily” every other day Left, right, both ears write left ear etc left, right, both eyes write left eye etc.
JCAHO – Joint commission on accreditation of Health Care Organizations
JCAHO (cont’d)
IU 5.0 mg.
.5
MS MS04 mGs04 International unit Trailing zero leading zero Morphine Sulfate Morphine Sulfate Magnesium Sulfate “write” No zero after decimal point write 5 mg.
Always a zero before a decimal point, write 0.5 mg.
“write” “write” “write”