Transcript Conventional Media and new ICTs

Conventional Media
and new ICTs
With special reference to the
Caribbean
Food security
“Food security exists when:
• the general population has access, in
terms of quality and quantity, to
• the food that they need for adequate
intake and biological utilization
• to ensure a healthy and productive life.”
Durrant
2
Objectives:
• Link information users and
information producers;
• Relate priority needs and
information sources and services;
• Identify relevant tools and
practices in use in the Caribbean.
Durrant
3
Roles of information
tools
• Enhance networking capabilities of
stakeholders;
• Study and document the needs of stakeholders
to improve use of information;
• Create awareness about food security issues;
• Improve data and analysis on food security;
• Strengthen the integration of complementary
information on nutrition and health, trade,
agriculture, climate etc
Durrant
4
Information users and
producers
• Information for decision making,
planning and policy making
• Policy makers
• NGOs and other private
stakeholders
• Producers
• Consumers
Durrant
5
Media
CONVENTIONAL
• Radio, and TV
• Newspapers
• Fact sheets
NEW
Internet (email + World
Wide Web)
e-groups / e-fora
Digital libraries
Knowledge repositories
Institutional
repositories
Durrant
6
Factors influencing
access to information
• CONTENT
• USABILITY –
INTERFACE
FORMATS
• CONNECTIVITY
• AFFORDABILITY
• POLICIES
• INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY
RIGHTS
Durrant
7
Usability
Content
Policies
Affordability
Intellectual
Property
Rights
Connectivity
Durrant
8
Internet
• Major development - increasing
exponentially since the early 90s;
• Platform for information services
and products;
• Access to databases;
• Facilitating networking and
interaction.
Durrant
9
Population Penetration (%)
St. Vincent & the
Grenadines, 5.70%
Trinidad & Tobago,
Santa Lucia, 7.80%
10.50%
Antigua & Barbuda,
14.00%
St. Kitts & Nevis,
25.30%
Aruba, 34.30%
Jamaica, 22.40%
Haiti, 1.00%
Bahamas, 25.80%
Grenada, 19.00%
Dominican Republic,
5.60%
Barbados, 37.60%
Cuba, 1.10%
Dominica, 17.50%
Cayman Islands,
16.50%
Durrant
10
Interaction
• Radio – talk shows now available on
the Web
• http://www.caribbeannews.com/radi
o.html
• Caribbean Radio on the Net.
• Good potential for sharing
information
Durrant
11
Conferencing
• Web conferencing can be used to
facilitate continuous interaction
among groups.
• Provides links between meetings
Durrant
12
Web Conferencing?
• Facilitates group discussions by
messages stored on a server. It usually
includes various types of real-time, or
synchronous, communication, such as
"chat rooms", and may also include
voice-based teleconferencing, or simple
video conferencing.
• The Web browsers and servers provide
most of the functionality.
Durrant
13
Main strains
• Centralized forums e.g.Yahoogroups,
Web Crossing, dgroups – organized
messages
• Groupware e.g. LOTUS Notes
• Bulletin board systems (BBSs) – no
organization
• Usenet – decentralized storage
• Mailing - email broadcasts
Durrant
14
Microsoft Office Live
Meeting
•
•
•
•
http://main.placeware.com/
Sharing applications
Digital White Board
Increase productivity reducing
expenses
• Ongoing demos
Durrant
15
Durrant
16
Durrant
17
dgroups
http//www.dgroups.org
Similar to Yahoogroups but
incorporates networks of supported
development agencies such as
IDRC.
Durrant
18
Durrant
19
Digital libraries
• The Internet has also begun to
facilitate the development of
digital libraries.
• This means that full-text
collections can be accessible over
the net.
Durrant
20
Digital Libraries
• The concept of digital libraries is
based on
• the development of specialized
collections aimed at particular user
communities.
• full text including video and audio
• accessible via the Internet
Durrant
21
Durrant
22
Greenstone software
• The Greenstone Digital Library
Software is an application in the
public domain developed to
facilitate
• access to information
• sharing of information across the
Internet
Durrant
23
Greenstone
• Developed by a team at the
University of Waikato with support
of Unesco
• Distribution is facilitated by
Unesco, GNU lisence
• Can be downloaded on the Internet
• http//www.sourceforge.net
Durrant
24
Objectives
• Building
• library collections of documents and
other digital objects
• institutional repositories
• e-theses collections
Durrant
25
Open source
• Open-source software provides an
economical alternative to libraries'
reliance upon commercially supplied
software.
• Still there are costs of documentation,
training and sometimes customization,
and conversion.
Durrant
26
Main required features
– Facilitating networking - ubiquitously
available to libraries;
– capable of being tailored to suit the needs
and circumstances of individual libraries
– documented – printed or online (and
documentation must be available); and
– Usually a user group - errors can more
effectively be identified and corrected (“two
eyes are better than one")
Durrant
27
Other examples of
digital library software
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
OPEN SOURCE
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ETD-DB/
http://www.dspace.org/
http://koha.org
www.eprints.org
FOR SALE
http://www.oclc.org/contentdm/
Durrant
28
Functional
specifications
Depends on purpose
Open source software
• “Open source is a term … to
describe the tradition of open
standards,
• shared source code, and
• collaborative development”
Durrant
30
Source code
• Most permanent form of the
program
• Not usually distributed to
purchasers.
Durrant
31
Greenstone
documentation
• The complete set of Greenstone
documents includes four volumes:
• Greenstone Digital Library
Installer’s Guide
• Greenstone Digital Library User’s
Guide
• Greenstone Digital Library
Developer’s Guide
• Greenstone Digital Library: From
Paper to CollectionDurrant
32
Greenstone is a complete
digital library creation
•
, management, and distribution package created and
distributed by the New Zealand Digital Library Project.
•
Development Status: 5 - Production/Stable
•
Intended Audience: Developers, System Administrators, Other
Audience
•
License: GNU General Public License (GPL)
•
Operating System: All 32-bit MS Windows
(95/98/NT/2000/XP), All POSIX (Linux/BSD/UNIX-like
OSes), OS X
•
Programming Language: C, C++, Perl
•
Topic: Indexing/Search, Multimedia, Archiving
•
User Interface: Web-based
Durrant
33
Downloading the
software
• http://sourceforge.net/search/
Durrant
34
Cost factor
• Open-source software provides an
economical alternative to libraries'
reliance upon commercially supplied
software.
• Still there are costs of
documentation, training and
sometimes customization, and
conversion.
Durrant
35
Open standards
•
With OSS the IT infrastructure
that is essential to library
operations and services can be:
–
open (that is, built according to open
standards and as such potentially
inter operable with other essential
software and systems);
Durrant
36
Open source definition
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. Free Redistribution
2. Source Code
3. Derived Works
4. Integrity of The Author's Source Code
5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups
6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor
7. Distribution of License
8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product
9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software
10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral
Durrant
37
• http://www.opensource.org/docs/de
finition.php
Durrant
38
Greenstone websites
• http://www.greenstone.org/cgibin/library
• Greenstone 3
• http://www.greenstone.org/greenst
one3.html
Durrant
39
Institutional Support
• OSS may lack formal support often
the result of research projects:
• Greenstone Unesco + New Zealand
National Commission for Unesco.
• dSpace Hewlett-Packard and MIT
Durrant
40
Organizational model
• Participatory?
• Hierarchical?
Durrant
41
Ease of use
Durrant
42
Librarian / user
participation in design
•
•
•
•
System librarian
Others in the library community
Users
Incorporating feedback on usability
Durrant
43
Some other examples
Durrant
45
Durrant
46
Durrant
47
Durrant
48
Durrant
49
Functional specifications
• Greenstone 17 main features
Durrant
50
Full-text access
• Access is to the complete text
• Searching is on the complete text
of each document as well as other
entry points.
• Subject categories
• Keywords
• Word phrases
• Titles etc
Durrant
51
Browsing
• Flexible browsing facilities
• Lists of access points can be
browsed.
Durrant
52
Access structure
• Create access structure
automatically
• The software “builds the collection”
with access points such as titles,
subjects, authors etc
Durrant
53
Metadata
• Available metadata is extracted
automatically
• Makes use of available metadata
• The title is therefore extracted
Durrant
54
Plugins
• An accessory programs that
enhance a main application
• Plugins in Greenstone are used to
recognize “documents” or rather
“digital objects” in specific
formats.
Durrant
55
7. Extensive collections
• Size - supports multigiatabyte
collections
Durrant
56
Language capabilities
Ability to change the language of
the interface between spanish,
french and english
Durrant
57
Accessible via web
browser
•
•
•
•
Options
Local server or on the Internet
Internet Explorer
Netscape
Durrant
58
User interface
Should be friendly to users
Intuitive location of features
Durrant
59
Usability
• Users should be able to locate
information by using the interface
without excessive help.
Durrant
60
Multimedia capabilities
Should be able to accommodate
audio
video
text
Durrant
61
Multiple Access points
Durrant
62
Transaction logs
• It should be possible to see the
processes which users employed to
access information.
Durrant
63
Dynamic updating
New entries are immediately
incorporated into the database.
Durrant
64
References
• The Next Stage: Moving from Isolated
Digital Collections to Interoperable
Digital Libraries by Howard Besser
First Monday, volume 7, number 6 (June
2002),
URL:
http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue7_6/
besser/index.html
Durrant
65
References
• Creating a Framework of Guidance
for Building Good Digital Collections
by Timothy W. Cole
First Monday, volume 7, number 5
(May 2002),
URL:
http://firstmonday.org/issues/issue
7_5/cole/index.html
Durrant
66
• DIGITAL LIBRARY TOOLS EVALUATION
AND RECOMMENDATION
• Prepared by J a n e t T a i t , C h a i r
University of California at San Diego
• Feb 14 2002
Durrant
67
• Jones, Richard DSpace vs. ETD-db:
Choosing software to manage electronic
theses and dissertations
• http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue38/jones/
• “examines the similarities and
differences between digital object
management systems DSpace and ETDdb to determine their applicability in a
modern E-theses service.“
Durrant
68
D-Lib Magazine
D-Lib Magazine is a solely electronic
publication with a primary focus on
digital library research and development,
including but not limited to new
technologies, applications, and
contextual social and economic issues.
• www.dlib.org
Durrant
69