Transcript DDC in Scandinavia : exploring new translation models of

DDC in Scandinavia :
exploring new translation models of the DDC
Presentation at
Dewey goes Europe : on the use and development of the Dewey
Decimal Classification (DDC) in European libraries,
Vienna 28 April, 2009
Ingebjørg Rype, National Library of Norway
Magdalena Svanberg, National Library of Sweden
www.kb.se
Outline
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Why consider new translation models of DDC in Scandinavia?
– Sweden
– Norway
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The mixed translation model – what is it?
Exploring the mixed model – the results of the pilot studies and a
workshop
New approaches to the mixed model
– Sweden
– Norway
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Future work
www.kb.se
Why consider new translation models of DDC in Sweden?
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A Swedish switch to DDC is under way.
– Decision by the National Library to switch from the national scheme SAB to
DDC.
– The Swedish Library Association stresses the importance of using the same
classification system throughout Sweden, and recommends that Swedish
libraries in general consider adopting the DDC.
– Many Swedish research libraries have made a decision to switch, or are
preparing for a decision.
– Some public libraries interested in a switch, but no public library made a
decsion so far
www.kb.se
Why consider new translation models of DDC in Sweden? (2)
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Need for a Swedish translation of DDC, for Swedish terminology and
Swedish examples.
Until now, the only DDC content availible in Swedish is the DDC
Summaries
The abridged edition is too short.
The full edition is costly and cumbersome to translate and maintain.
Translations of DDC numbers far down in the hierarchy with little or no
literary warrant in Sweden would be of limited value.
Vill ej ha egen förkortning pga interoperabilitet.
www.kb.se
Why consider new translation models of DDC in Norway?
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Om DDK5
Ny översättning behövs
Webbversion
”En Dewey som passer for alle?”
DDK 5 for folkebibliotek
Nasjonalbibliografien
Samarbeidet Nasjonalbiblioteket/Biblioteksentralen
Fagbibliotekene/UB’ene er ikke samkjørt.
Ulike emneregistre
Ulik Dewey-praksis (DDK 5 + DDC 22)
www.kb.se
The mixed translation model – what is it?
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Use DDC data in the vernacular as framework
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Where needed, add English-language classes from full edition to
complete hierarchies
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Translate the auxiliary tables (Tables 1-6) in full
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Use standard terminology for instructions in the language of each record
(e.g., “Her:” / “Class here”)
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Include logical abridgment instructions to address use by smaller
collections
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Provide separate indexes featuring the terminology available in each
language
www.kb.se
Exploring the mixed model – pilot studies and workshop
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Förklara varför vi gjorde pilotstudierna
www.kb.se
Norwegian Model:
370-372 Education Schedule
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Base vernacular edition = Level of notation in DDK 5
Update captions and notes to match equivalent classes in DDC 22
Add English-language classes for rest of schedule records
Segment numbers in notes to level of DDK 5
Address differences in levels of education and primary school curriculum
www.kb.se
Norwegian Model: 370-372 Index
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Import DDK 5 index terms as basis for Norwegian index, but include full
numbers
Where possible, supplement current Norwegian index with terms dropped
from notes
Include separate full English-language index
www.kb.se
370.152 (excerpt from DDK 5)
370.152 Kognitive prosesser
Inkluderer: Hukommelse, læring, problemløsing,
resonnement, tenking
Her: Intelligens
Læringsmotivasjon, se 370.154
www.kb.se
370.152 (excerpt from Mixed)
370.152 Bevisste mentale prosesser og intelligens
Forminndeling kan brukes for bevisste mentale
prosesser og intelligens behandlet sammen, eller for
bevisste mentale prosesser alene
Inkluderer: Tenking
Her: Kognitive prosesser
Emosjoner, se 370.153/4; for Persepjon, se 370.155;
for Fantasi og kreativitet, se 370.157
370.1522-370.1529 (English-language subdivisions)
www.kb.se
370.152 (excerpt from Mixed— English-language subdivisions)
370.1522 Memory
370.1522 Learning
For motivation to learn, see 370.154
370.1524 Reasoning
Class here problem solving
370.1528 Behavior modification [formerly 370.153]
Class behavior modification methods of instruction in
371.39/3
370.1529 Intelligence
Class here multiple intelligences
For emotional intelligence, see 370.153/4
www.kb.se
370.152 (excerpt from Mixed—Norwegian index terms)
370.1522 Memory
Hukommelse—Pedagogisk psykologi
370.1522 Learning
Læring—Pedagogisk psykologi
370.1524 Reasoning
Problemløsing—Pedagogisk psykologi
Resonnement—Pedagogisk psykologi
370.1528 Behavior modification [formerly 370.153]
Atferd—Pedagogisk psykologi
370.1529 Intelligence
Intelligens—Pedagogisk psykologi
www.kb.se
Pilot Norwegian study
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Build a Norwegian-English mixed translation of 370-372
Recruit 19 librarians to participate in study from variety of library types to
test usefulness as classifier’s tool
Classify test set of 20 titles (10 in Norwegian, 10 in English; all
accompanied by rich metadata) using DDK 5, Mixed, and DDC 22
Complete online questionnaire
Interview participants who completed initial study
www.kb.se
Pilot Study: Respondents
11 respondents (12 of 19 librarians recruited answered the survey; 2
answered jointly)
– 2 public
– 2 university
– 1 vendor
– 5 national library
– 1 other (former national library)
www.kb.se
Preference as classification tool . . .
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for English titles*
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DDK 5 3
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Mixed 5
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DDC 22
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for Norwegian titles*
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DDK 5 5
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Mixed 7
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DDC 22
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*Multiple selections permitted on this question
www.kb.se
Design and Use of Mixed Edition
Yes
No
Would you use mixed edition?
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Use DDK 5 as guide to Norwegian
content?
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Include Norwegian index for
English classes?
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Include English index for
Norwegian classes?
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6
www.kb.se
Limitations of Study
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Only 12 of 19 study participants completed the questionnaire; all 5 from
national library but only 2 of 5 from public libraries
DDK 5 itself was not updated
www.kb.se
Pilot Study: Follow-up interviews
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What did you like about the mixed edition? What didn’t you like?
Should we continue to study a mixed edition?
If yes, what do we need to take care of? Are there important features
that we haven’t addressed?
Do you have any suggestions for how the mixed edition could be
improved?
Do you have any comments on the survey itself? Are there questions
that you found difficult to answer?
www.kb.se
1a.
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What did you like?
Norwegian as main language
An index with more Norwegian terms
Ability to use Norwegian terms/categories but still have access to English
edition
More expanded than DDK 5—easier to develop precise numbers
Useful to see subordinate terms—easier to classify when visible
Good to have one source to consult—if use DDK 5, often need to consult
full international edition, too. Could be useful for large collections
www.kb.se
1b. What did you dislike?
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Confusing to change between languages—hierarchies in two languages
increase possibility of mistakes
Not all Norwegian librarians have mastered English
Design--little distinction between edition in color, font, etc.
Confusing that Norwegian terms point to English classes
Need more comprehensive Norwegian index—more terms and additional
aspects of subjects
Corrections/updates from DDK 5 missing from mixed
Numbers longer for small libraries
www.kb.se
2. Should we continue the study?
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4 “yes”
1 “no”
1 “in doubt”
2 “prefer complete translation”
www.kb.se
3. If yes, what should we focus on?
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A good Norwegian index
A combined index
An abbreviated edition for small libraries
www.kb.se
4. Any suggestions for improvements?
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A mixed index
Incorporate corrections/updates to DDK 5
Better design (and ability to “hide” English)
www.kb.se
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Workshop
Oversettelsen av 616 og 006
www.kb.se
New approach to the mixed model - Sweden
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For Sweden, the mixed model still seems to be a possible way to reach a
Swedish translation in reasonable time and with reasonable resourses.
Differences from the Norwegian circumstances
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No translation at all to start from.
University libraries
Svenska ämnesord – Swedish subject headings
Not so detailed class here and including notes in SAB – Swedish librarians are
not used to …
– Skiljer redan idag mellan klassifikationskod och hylluppställning, därför gör det
inget om ett annat bibliotek gjort en längre kod än det egna biblioteket skulle
ha gjort, man kan ändå använda den.
www.kb.se
Utdrag från SAB som visar att det inte är så detaljerat
www.kb.se
Tillvägagångssätt
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Nivån som i SAB
Literary warrant from LIBRIS
Work in progress, add translations continuosly, areas causing problems
www.kb.se
Utdrag ur konkordansen
www.kb.se
www.kb.se
616.029
616.04
616.042
616.043
616.044
616.047
616.0472
616.0473
www.kb.se
SAB is guiding the level of translation
DDC number
Caption
616
Sjukdomar
616.04
Särskilda medicinska förhållanden
616.042
Genetiska sjukdomar (Ärftliga sjukdomar)
616.043
Medfödda sjukdomar
616.044
Chronic diseases
616.047
Symtom och allmänna patologiska processer som problem i sig
616.0472
Smärta
616.0473
Inflammation
616.0475
Shock and multiple organ failure
616.0478
Chronic fatigue syndrome
www.kb.se
Swedish subject headings will be mapped to DDC
DDC number
Swedish subject headings (examples)
616
Sjukdomar
616.042
Genetiska sjukdomar
Kromosomrubbningar
Medicinsk genetik
616.043
Missbildningar hos människan
Siamesiska tvillingar
616.044
Kroniska sjukdomar
616.047
Symtom
Feber
616.0472
Smärta
616.0473
Inflammation
616.0475
Chock
616.0478
Kroniskt trötthetssyndrom
www.kb.se
Using literatyr warrant as a complement?
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To avoid unnessary translations
www.kb.se
616.201
616.203
616.9
Veba
616.204
Vei
616.205
616.209
www.kb.se
Possible disadvantages in using SAB to decide the level
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Are there important classes in DDC that we will miss?
The weaknesses of SAB is brought in to the Swedish WebDewey
Some examples with 50+ hits in LIBRIS, the Swedish Union Catalogue
616.8521
†Traumatic neuroses
616.89142 Behavior therapy (Behavior modification therapy)
616.89156
Family psychotherapy
www.kb.se
Plans
www.kb.se
Thank you!
Ingebjørg Rype
National Library of Norway
Telephone: + 47 23 27 6217
E-mail: [email protected]
Magdalena Svanberg
National Library of Sweden
Telephone: +46 8 463 44 45
E-mail: [email protected]
www.kb.se