BEGINNING OF SANSKRIT  Sanskrit was the main language used by the ancient Aryans in India  The sanskrit literature was first created in the Gupta period  Writers in that period also created other forms of literature like poems and plays

EPICS OF SANSKRIT • • • There are two major epics of Ancient India which are

Mahabharata

and

Ramayana Mahabharata

is one of the longest words in ancient India and tells a story about two families that struggle for rule over ancient India

Ramayana

away is the other epic which tells a story about a prince called Rama, he was a god in human form and the reason he became human was to fight demons

INDIAN WRITERS  The Indian writers made one book full of different stories that were meant to tech lessons  This big book is called

panchatantra

 Each story ends with

HINDU TEMPLES • • • • • • Temples were small stone sculptures They had a flat roof Bell at the gate of the temple called a Ghanta Rang bell when entered Built in special places such as near rivers, valleys, and mountains. Bulit in specific places because they believed the gods would come to the temples if they were built in a peaceful place.

TEMPLES IN THE GUPTA PERIOD • • • • • • Temples became more complex Two towers covered with carvings of gods were often in the temple.

Statues of gods Square structures Carved out of mountain sides Walls were full of art based on the god

TEMPLES IN GOA • • • • • • All the temples in Goa were under the Hindu religion Temples were built out of sedimentary rocks, limestone, black stone or wood.

Roofs were made out copper sheets.

Temples were decorated with mural art The interiors were full of wood carvings from Indian mythology Sometimes temples were painted white or black or other light colors

RELIGIOUS EPICS Indian Literature is one of earliest literatures of the world. It is believed that Rig Veda, the first work of literature in the world, was written in Sanskrit, one of the oldest Indian languages. The earliest works of literature of India were epics, long poems, plays, and collections of stories for children which were written in verse. A large number of great Indian epics were created during the first millennium BC.

RELIGIOUS EPICS The Mahabharata The Mahabharata is considered the lengthiest epic of the world. The Mahabharata, a Sanskrit epic, is believed to be written by Sage Ved Vyasa. It has more than 1,000,000 couplets in 18 sections. The great work depicts the struggle for power between two group of cousins, the Kauravas and the Pandavas in Greater India.

RELIGIOUS EPICS The Ramayana is the earliest epic of India. “Ramayana” means the journey of Rama. Ramayana was written in 6 th century BC by Valmiki. He was the first poet in Sanskrit. The great epic narrates the story of Lord Rama who was an incarnation of Lord Vishnu in human form. Rama was the most righteous man on earth and so he had to undergo many trials and tribulations. He had to give up his wife and all his happiness for the sake of his subjects.

• • • SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES Gupta scholars made great advances in science and math.

The gupta scholars were one of the most advanced mathmaticians of there day.

They made a lot of elements of our modern math system.

• • • SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES The numbers that we use today are the numbers that they used then.

The numbers that they made are called hindu arabic numerals.

They were named that because the numerals were made by indian scholars and brought to arab.

PAINTINGS OF THE GUPTA PERIOD!

*The Gupta period also the creation of great works of art, both paintings and statues.

*Painting was a greatly respected profession, and India was home to many skilled artists. *we know the names of many rich and powerful members of gupta society who paid artists to create works of beauty and significance.

*most Indian paintings from the gupta period are clear and colorful

PAINTINGS AND FACTS!

*some of the Indian paintings show graceful Indians wearing fine jewelry and stylish clothes. Such paintings offer us a glimpse of the Indians daily and ceremonial lives.

*artists from both of India's major religions, Hinduism and Buddhism, drew on their beliefs to create their works.

*most of the finest paintings of ancient india are found in temples.

HINDUISM AND BUDDHISM PAINTINGS!

H I N D U I S M *painters drew hundreds of gods on temple walls and entrances.

*temples also featured impressive statues of their gods *the walls of some temples were completely covered with carvings and images B U D D H I S M *Buddhism covered the walls and ceilings of temples with scenes from life of the Buddha.

*Indian sculptors created great works for many of the Buddhist cave temples.

METAL WORKING • • • • • Metallurgy is the science of working with metals. Alloys- two or more mixtures of metals Their knowledge allowed them to make high quality mixtures and tools and weapons.

Alloys are sometimes stronger 2 or more metals than just one metal Best and strongest work with iron