Transcript Document

Journal
• What were the four MAIN causes of
WWI?
On a clean page: SWABAT!
1. Identify the countries that fought for the Central
Powers and the Allied Powers in WWI
2. Define “total war”.
3. Explain how World War One was a total war.
4. Define “war of attrition”.
5. Explain how WWI was a war of attrition.
6. Describe the roles women played in WWI.
7. Identify new tactics & technologies used in WWI
8. Describe the human cost of WWI
The Spark!
Assassination of Francis Ferdinand
• Austria-Hungry has a province of
Bosnia.
• Most Bosnians believe they should be
part of Serbia not Aust.-Hung
• On a visit a Ferdinand was shot along
with his wife, in a car.
This act leads to nations calling on their
alliances & mobilizing troops
1. Who is
this guy?
2. How
did this
start a
World
War???
The Assassin:
Gavrilo
Princip
The Spark causes a Chain
Reaction
• Ger assured Aust.-Hng support (ally)
• Confident Aust-Hng gives ultimatum to
Serb. and declares war.
• Rus steps in to help Serb (ally)
• Ger declares war on Rus
• Ger delcares war on Belguim (Bel) to
get to France (Fr)
• Alliances go into full effect and Europe
is engulfed in war
* SWABAT 1
Allied Powers:
Central Powers:
Germany
Great Britain
France
Russia
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Italy switched before fighting began!
WWI was a “Total War”
•In a total war, the countries involved totally mobilize
(call to action) all their available forces at home and
abroad.
oMore people were involved in this war than in any
previous conflict in world history!
•Total war often does not differentiate between
civilians and soldiers so there are many civilian
casualties.
•Countries wage the most destructive war possible
*SWABAT 2
The Schlieffen Plan
• Knock
out the
West before
they are ready
then speed to
the East
A Multi-Front War
WWI was a “War of Attrition”
• A military strategy accepting heavy
casualties
• Trying to win a war simply by outlasting
your opponents
– You fight and refuse to give un until your
opponents run out of supplies, soldiers,
and the will to fight
• In a war of attrition the side with the
most resources (people, food, arms,
financing, etc) usually wins.
*SWABAT 3
Assignment: The Lost Battalion
1. Summarize
Summarize your notes, by completing the
first 5 SWABATs.
Journal
1. When fighting a war of attrition a country
accepts ________________, but hopes to
_____________________.
2. In the film “The Lost Battalion,”
_________________________ showed
that WWI as a war of attrition.
3. To win a war of attrition, you need to
have _________________________.
* Get out your SpartsWrite*
Financing the War
To win a war of attrition
you need money to spend
on the military!
How? Bonds- essentially
giving your government a
loan with interest.
Recruitment Posters
To win a war of attrition you need more soldiers than your enemy!
For Recruitment
Soldiers Mobilized
14
12
Millions
10
8
6
4
2
0
France
Germany
Russia
Britain
Women played a crucial role
in WWI!
• Women played a more significant role in
this war than in any previous war in
history
– Nurses
– Factory Workers
– Farmers
Munitions Workers
French Women Factory
Workers
German Women Factory Workers
Working in the Fields
A Female Ambulance Driver
Red Cross Nurses
New tactics and technologies
The Western Front
Trench Warfare
•War of attrition
often leads to
“stalemate”
•Battles would lead
to very high
casualties only for a
few hundred yards
It is estimated that by the
End of 1914 (the first
Year of the war) the
Allied and central powers
Dug a combined total of
6,520 miles of trenches!
Trench Warfare
“No Man’s
Land”
NEW TECHNOLOGY
The new technology of WWI made
fighting much more deadly
BARBED
WIRE
French Renault Tank
British Tank at Ypres
U-Boats
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
The Airplane
“Squadron Over the Brenta”
Max Edler von Poosch, 1917
The Zeppelin
Flame
Throwers
Grenade
Launchers
Poison Gas
Machine Gun
Verdun – February, 1916
Each side had 500,000 casualties.
The Somme – July, 1916
• 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.
• Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.
Images of the the War
Journal
German Cartoon:
“Fit for active service!” 1918
1. What is the message
of the cartoon?
2. How does the cartoon
explain how WWI was
a total war?
3. What can you tell
about how Germany
was holding up by
1918?
Human Cost of the War
• Last SWABAT!
1918 Flu Pandemic:
Depletes All Armies
50,000,000 –
100,000,000 died
World War I Total Casualties*
Russia
10,000,000
9,000,000
8,000,000
7,000,000
6,000,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
*Casualties = dead + wounded
Germany
AustriaHungary
France
Great Britain
Italy
Turkey
US
Approximately 36,500,000 combined casualties!
How many
Is 9 million?
6 x entire
population
of Oregon!
112 x entire
population
of Hillsboro!
6,000 x
students
at
Glencoe!
!!
9,000,000 Dead
Art
of
World
War I
Art is often an
excellent way to
examine what
people were going
through in different
periods of human
history- ART IS A
MIRROR OF
CULTURE,
VALUES, AND
EXPERIENCES!
“A Street in Arras”
John Singer Sargent, 1918
John Nash, 1917
“Gassed and Wounded”
Eric Kennington, 1918
“Paths of Glory”
C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917
THE GREAT WAR READING
1. America Enters the War:
a) Def. Isolationismi. Why Isolationism?
b) The Lusitania:
c) The Zimmerman Note:
d) Wilson to Congress, 1917:
i. His message:
2. A Separate Peace:
a) Between who?
i. Why?
3. Allied Victory:
a) Border Changes/New nations (list):
b) Germany’s problems:
c) Outcome of the war:
Copy this outline and
title on to a clean page.
Skip about 2 lines between
each item. Fill in the outline
while you read.
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!
The Somme American
Cemetery, France
116,516 Americans Died
SUMMARY
• Answer your SWABATS!
Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!
Turkish Genocide Against Armenians
Districts & Vilayets of Western
Armenia in Turkey
1914
1922
Erzerum
215,000
1,500
Van
197,000
500
Kharbert
204,000
35,000
Diarbekir
124,000
3,000
Bitlis
220,000
56,000
Sivas
225,000
16,800
Western Anatolia
371,800
27,000
Cilicia and Northern Syria
309,000
70,000
European Turkey
194,000
163,000
73,390
15,000
2,133,190
387,800
Other Armenian-populated Sites
in Turkey
Trapizond District
Total