Transcript APA Citations - Falvey Memorial Library

APA Citation Style
SOC 1500
SOCIAL PROBLEMS
FALL 2013
Overview
 APA resources
 Reference List:
 How to cite a scholarly article
 How to cite a news article
 How to cite a government report
 How to cite a book
 How to cite a website
 In-text citations
APA Resources
 American Psychological Association. (2010).
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Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington,
DC: American Psychological Association.1
American Psychological Association. (2007). APA
style guide to electronic references. Washington,
DC: American Psychological Association.
APA Style Online Tutorial
APA Style Blog
Research & Documentation Online
Purdue OWL - APA
1. All citation and formatting rules found in this presentation are from this source. Check this area of
each slide for a page reference.
Why Cite?
 Ethics
It is dishonest to present another person’s
words or ideas as your own.
 Copyright
In many cases failure to acknowledge your
sources would violate the law.
 Courtesy to readers
The citations you provide are designed to help
your readers track down and consult the same
materials you used in preparing your work.
Reference List:
Formatting
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Start the reference list on a new page.
Use References as the title for the list of references (see example below).
List references in alphabetical order, sorted by the last name of the author.
Include only works that have been cited in the text of your paper.
Double-space evenly throughout.
Use the hanging indent paragraph format. The first line of a citation should be
flush left and subsequent lines of the same citation are indented.
References
Berelson, B. (1966). Content analysis in communication research. In B. Berelson, and
M. Janowitz (Eds.), Reader in public opinion and communication (2nd ed.),
pp.260-266. New York, NY: Free Press.
Severin, W. J., and Tankard, J. W. (2001). Communication theories: Origins,
methods, and uses in the mass media. New York, NY: Addison Wesley
Longman.
Shyles, L. (2002). Deciphering cyberspace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed., p. 37.
Reference List:
Multiple works by the same author
Two or more works by the
same author :
- Use the author’s name for all
entries.
- List the entries by year, the
earliest first.
Two or more works by the
same author in the same year:
- List the works alphabetically by
title (excluding A or The).
- In the parentheses, following the
year add “a,” “b,” and so on.
- Use these same letters when
giving the year in the in-text
citation.
References
Barry, P. (2007, December 8). Putting
tumors on pause. Science News, 172,
365.
Barry, P. (2008, August 2). Finding the
golden genes. Science News, 174, 16-21.
Elkind, D. (2008a, Spring). Can we play?
Greater Good, 4(4), 14-17.
Elkind, D. (2008b, June 27). The price of
hurrying children [Web log post].
Retrieved from
http://blogs/psychologytoday.com/blo
g/digital-children
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed., p. 182.
Reference List:
Scholarly Articles [Periodicals]
 In Print
Author, A.B., & Writer, C.D. (YEAR). Title of the
article. Title of the Journal, Volume#, begin page –
end page.
Gitlin, T. (1978). Media sociology: The dominant
paradigm. Theory and Society, 6, 205-253.
p.198-199
Reference List:
Scholarly Articles [Periodicals]
 Retrieved Online
Author, A.B., & Writer, C.D. (YEAR). Title of the
article. Title of the Journal, Volume#, begin page –
end page. doi: 1053/45614-5643
Wang, Z., Lang, A., & Busemeyer, J. R. (2011).
Motivational processing and choice behavior during
television viewing: An integrative dynamic approach.
Journal of Communication, 61, 71-93.
doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01527.x
p.198-199
Reference List
Scholarly Articles [Periodicals]
 Always leave names of authors in the order
they are given.
 More than 7 authors: First 6 authors,…Last
author.
 DOI not available: Retrieved from URL or
name of database
 Journals paginated by issue: Include the issue
number in parentheses
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Constructivism in the Human Sciences, 23(2), 14-23.
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed., p. 198-199.
First page of
an article
Article Record from
a Database
Automatically
generate citations
or export to
Refworks.
Always double-check!
Reference List: Newspaper Articles
Print Newspaper Article
Author, D. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title or
headline of article. Title of the Newspaper,
pp. SectionPage.
“If an article appears on discontinuous pages, give all page numbers,
and separate the numbers with a comma (e.g., pp. B1, B3, B5-B7).”
Bieply, M., & Barnes, B. (2011, March 1).
Younger audience still eludes the Oscars.
The New York Times, pp. C1, C7.
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed., p. 200.
Reference List: Newspaper Articles
Online Newspaper Article
Author, D. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title or headline of
article. Title of the Newspaper. Retrieved from URL of
the homepage
*If no author is provided, begin with the title of the article, then the date.
Bialik, C. (2011, February 26). Pollsters struggle for
accurate picture of Mideast. The Wall Street Journal.
Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed., p. 200.
Reference List: Government Reports
Full Name of Department or Agency. (YEAR). Title
of the report (ACRONYM Publication No. 1234).
Retrieved from URL of the document
United States Government Accountability Office.
(2005). Independent media development
abroad: Challenges exist in implementing U.S.
efforts and measuring results (GAO-05-803).
Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/
GAOREPORTS-GAO-05803/pdf/GAOREPORTS-GAO-05-803.pdf
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed., p. 205.
Reference List: Books
Author, A.B. (YEAR). Title of the book. Location:
Publisher.
Shyles, L. (2002). Deciphering cyberspace.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed., p. 202.
Reference List: Book Chapter
Author, A.B. (YEAR). Title of chapter. In A. Editor,
B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pp.
beginpage – endpage). Location: Publisher.
*For works retrieved online, include DOI if available, or if not
available, use Retrieved from.
Berelson, B. (1966). Content analysis in
communication research. In B. Berelson, & M.
Janowitz (Eds.), Reader in public opinion and
communication (2nd ed.), pp.260-266. New York,
NY: Free Press.
Catalog
Record
Reference List: Websites
Basic Citation
Author, A. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title of page
or document [Format description]. Retrieved
from URL of site
Variations
•Format description is only necessary for unusual format types:
• Example format descriptions: Blog post, Twitter post, Facebook
update, Press release
•The author could also be the publishing organization, if no person is
named.
• Give as specific a date as possible. If no date is available, use the
abbreviation (n.d.) for “no date.”
Source: How to cite something you found on a website in APA style from the APA Style Blog
Reference List: Websites
Examples:
NBC Universal. (2011). About us. Retrieved from
http://www.nbcuni.com/about-us/
DeGeorges, T. (2011, February 25). I didn’t tape that,
my TV alter-ego did [Blog post]. Retrieved from
http://www.twcableuntangled.com/2011/02/ididnt-tape-that-my-tv-alter-ego-did/
In Text Citations
Signal phrase
 Provide at least the author’s last
name and the year of publication.
 For direct quotations and some
paraphrases, a page number is given
as well.
Use past tense or present tense to
introduce cited materials in a signal
phrase.
Example:
Critser (2003) noted that despite
growing numbers of overweight
Americans, many health care
providers still “remain either in
ignorance or outright denial about
the health danger to the poor and the
young” (p. 5).
Parenthesis
 Add the author’s last name and the
year of publication in parenthesis at
the end of the sentence, if they are
not mentioned in the sentence or
paragraph.
 Separate multiple reference with a
semicolon.
Example:
Researchers have indicated that
studies of pharmacological
treatments for childhood obesity are
inconclusive (Berkowitz et al., 2003;
McDuffie et al., 2002).
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed., p. 174-175.
In Text Citations
One or Two Authors
 When a work has two authors
always list both authors.
 Use and in the sentence, but
ampersand (&) in parenthesis.
Examples:
Shyles (2002) notes that analog
signals are continuous.
Shyles’ 2002 study noted that analog
signals are continuous.
Analog signals are continuous
(Shyles, 2002).
Severin and Tankard (2001) claim…
(Severin & Tankard, 2001)
Multiple Authors
 When a works has three to five authors,
list all the authors the first time, but
subsequently list only the first author
followed by et al.
 For more than six authors, cite only
the first author followed by et al. and
the year.
Examples:
Osgood, Suci, and Tannenbaum
(1957) found…(first time cited)
Osgood et al. (1957)
found…(subsequent citations)
Osgood et al. found… (subsequent
citations within same paragraph as
above example)
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed., p. 174-175.
In Text Citations
Organizational Author
No Author
 A study by the Federal
 Use first few words of the
Communications
Commission (FCC, 2004)
states… (first citation)
 The FCC (2004)
claims…(subsequent
citations)
reference (typically the
title)
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Double quotes around title of
article, chapter or webpage;
italicize title of periodical,
book, or report
 This is an example
(“Newspaper Article,”
2005).
 The book Examples
(2007) states…
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed., p. 176-177.
In Text Citations: Direct Quotations
Direct quotes from a source are enclosed in
double quotation marks, with the page
number given in parentheses at the end of the
quote, before the period.
Example:
Shyles (2002) claims that the Strowger switch
“quickly became the backbone of the world’s
telecommunication network” (p. 115).
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed., p. 92.
In Text Citations: Direct Quotations
Quotations of 40 words or more are presented in a
block, without quotation marks, with the page
number given in parentheses at the end, after the
final period.
Example:
Dickens (1859) stated:
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of
wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was
the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of Light, it was the season of
Darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had
everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going
directly to Heaven, we were all going the other way. (p. 1)
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed., p. 92.
Conclusion
 There are many more types of documents that you
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may need to cite in APA style.
There are unusual situations you may encounter
when preparing your reference list.
When in doubt, check a trustworthy APA resource,
or the publication manual itself.
Reference librarians are available to help with APA
citations.
The Writing Center can help throughout the writing
process, including APA formatting.