Transcript APA Citations - Falvey Memorial Library

APA Citations
COMMUNICATION
FALL 2011
Presentation Overview
 Refworks
 APA resources
 Reference List:
 How to cite a scholarly article
 How to cite a news article
 How to cite a government report
 How to cite a book
 How to cite a website
 In-text citations
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Create a folder in RefWorks
 Create new folder.
APA Resources
 American Psychological Association. (2010).
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Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington,
DC: American Psychological Association.1
American Psychological Association. (2007). APA
style guide to electronic references. Washington,
DC: American Psychological Association.
APA Style Online Tutorial
APA Style Blog
Research & Documentation Online
Purdue OWL - APA
1. All citation and formatting rules found in this presentation are from this source. Check this area of
each slide for a page reference.
Why Cite?
 In scholarly research, readers must be able to
go to the original source to verify the ideas
and facts that you rely upon to make your
argument.
First page of
an article
What is a database?
 From the Encyclopedia of Health Care Management

Conceptually, a database is an electronic filing system with an indexing structure linking
to specific data elements. …The basic element of a database is a field, or variable…The
data elements may be text, such as a patient name, or numeric, such as a birth date…A
group of related fields is called a record.
Reference List:
Formatting
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List references in alphabetical order.
Include only works that have been cited in the text of your paper.
Space evenly throughout.
The first line of a citation should be flush left

Indent all subsequent lines (5 spaces).
References
Berelson, B. (1966). Content analysis in communication research. In B. Berelson, and
M. Janowitz (Eds.), Reader in public opinion and communication (2nd ed.),
pp.260-266. New York, NY: Free Press.
Severin, W. J., and Tankard, J. W. (2001). Communication theories: Origins,
methods, and uses in the mass media. New York, NY: Addison Wesley
Longman.
Shyles, L. (2002). Deciphering cyberspace. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Reference List:
Scholarly Articles [Periodicals]
 In Print
Author, A.B., & Writer, C.D. (YEAR). Title of the
article. Title of the Journal, Volume#, begin page –
end page.
Gitlin, T. (1978). Media sociology: The dominant
paradigm. Theory and Society, 6, 205-253.
p.198-199
Reference List:
Scholarly Articles [Periodicals]
 Retrieved Online
Author, A.B., & Writer, C.D. (YEAR). Title of the
article. Title of the Journal, Volume#, begin page –
end page. doi: 1053/45614-5643
Wang, Z., Lang, A., & Busemeyer, J. R. (2011).
Motivational processing and choice behavior during
television viewing: An integrative dynamic approach.
Journal of Communication, 61, 71-93.
doi:10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01527.x
p.198-199
Reference List
Scholarly Articles [Periodicals]
 Always leave names of authors in the order
they are given.
 More than 7 authors: First 6 authors,…Last
author.
 DOI not available: Retrieved from URL or
name of database
 Journals paginated by issue: Include the issue
number in parentheses
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Constructivism in the Human Sciences, 23(2), 14-23.
p.198-199
First page of
an article
Article Record from
a Database
Automatically
generate citations
or export to
Refworks.
Always double-check!
Reference List
Newspaper Articles
Print Newspaper Article
Author, D. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title or
headline of article. Title of the Newspaper,
pp. SectionPage.
“If an article appears on discontinuous pages, give all page numbers,
and separate the numbers with a comma (e.g., pp. B1, B3, B5-B7).”
Bieply, M., & Barnes, B. (2011, March 1).
Younger audience still eludes the Oscars.
The New York Times, pp. C1, C7.
p. 200
Reference List
Newspaper Articles
Online Newspaper Article
Author, D. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title or headline of
article. Title of the Newspaper. Retrieved from URL of
the homepage
*If no author is provided, begin with the title of the article, then the date.
Bialik, C. (2011, February 26). Pollsters struggle for
accurate picture of Mideast. The Wall Street Journal.
Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/
p. 200
Reference List
Government Reports
Full Name of Department or Agency. (YEAR). Title
of the report (ACRONYM Publication No. 1234).
Retrieved from URL of the document
United States Government Accountability Office.
(2005). Independent media development
abroad: Challenges exist in implementing U.S.
efforts and measuring results (GAO-05-803).
Retrieved from http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/
GAOREPORTS-GAO-05803/pdf/GAOREPORTS-GAO-05-803.pdf
p. 205
Reference List
Books
Author, A.B. (YEAR). Title of the book. Location:
Publisher.
Shyles, L. (2002). Deciphering cyberspace.
Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
p. 202
Reference List
Book Chapter
Author, A.B. (YEAR). Title of chapter. In A. Editor,
B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pp.
beginpage – endpage). Location: Publisher.
*For works retrieved online, include DOI if available, or if not
available, use Retrieved from.
Berelson, B. (1966). Content analysis in
communication research. In B. Berelson, & M.
Janowitz (Eds.), Reader in public opinion and
communication (2nd ed.), pp.260-266. New York,
NY: Free Press.
Catalog
Record
Reference List
Websites
Basic Citation
Author, A. (YEAR, Month DAY). Title of page
or document [Format description]. Retrieved
from URL of site
Variations
•Format description is only for unusual format types:
• Example format descriptions: Blog post, Twitter post, Facebook
update, Press release
•The author could also be the publishing organization, if no person is
named.
• Give as specific a date as possible. If no date is available, use the
abbreviation (n.d.) for “no date.”
Source: How to cite something you found on a website in APA style from the APA Style Blog
Reference List
Websites
NBC Universal. (2011). About us. Retrieved from
http://www.nbcuni.com/about-us/
DeGeorges, T. (2011, February 25). I didn’t tape that,
my TV alter-ego did [Blog post]. Retrieved from
http://www.twcableuntangled.com/2011/02/ididnt-tape-that-my-tv-alter-ego-did/
In Text Citations
One or Two Authors
Multiple Authors
 Shyles (2002) notes that
 Osgood, Suci, and
analog signals are
continuous.
 Shyles’ 2002 study noted
that analog signals are
continuous.
 Analog signals are
continuous (Shyles, 2002).
 Severin and Tankard
(2001) claim…
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(Severin & Tankard, 2001)
p. 174-175
Tannenbaum (1957)
found…(first time cited)
 Osgood et al. (1957)
found…(subsequent citations)
 Osgood et al. found…
(subsequent citations within
same paragraph as above
example)
 For more than 6 authors, cite
only the first author followed
by et al. and the year.
In Text Citations
Organizational Author
No Author
 A study by the Federal
 Use first few words of the
Communications
Commission (FCC,
2004) states… (first
citation)
 The FCC (2004)
claims…(subsequent
citations)
p.176 - 177
reference (typically the
title)

Double quotes around title of
article, chapter or webpage;
italicize title of periodical,
book, or report
 This is an example
(“Newspaper Article,”
2005).
 The book Examples
(2007) states…
In Text Citations
Direct Quotations
 Direct quotes from a source are enclosed in
double quotation marks, with the page
number given in parentheses at the end of the
quote, before the period:
Shyles (2002) claims that the Strowger switch
“quickly became the backbone of the world’s
telecommunication network” (p. 115).
p. 92
In Text Citations
Direct Quotations
 Quotations of 40 words or more are presented in a
block, without quotation marks, with the page
number given in parentheses at the end, after the
final period:
Dickens (1859) stated:
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of
wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of belief, it was
the epoch of incredulity; it was the season of Light, it was the season of
Darkness; it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair; we had
everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going
directly to Heaven, we were all going the other way. (p. 1)
p. 92
Conclusion
 There are many more types of documents that you
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may need to cite in APA style.
There are unusual situations you may encounter
when preparing your reference list.
When in doubt, check a trustworthy APA resource,
or the publication manual itself.
Reference librarians are available to help with APA
citations.
The Writing Center can help throughout the writing
process, including APA formatting.
Contact Me
Kristyna Carroll
Research Support Librarian for Communication
[email protected]
610-519-5391
Room 223
Your Course Guide:
http://library.villanova.edu  Guides 
Communication  Course Resources