Transcript Introduction to Green Buildings & LEED

Introduction to Green
Buildings & LEED
Defining Sustainability
 United
Nations World Commission on
Environment and Development
– “Development that meets the needs of
present generations without
compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.”
Defining Green Buildings
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Design and construction practices that
significantly reduce, or eliminate the
negative impact of buildings on the
environment and its occupants with regard
to site planning; safeguarding water use
and water use efficiency; promoting
energy efficiency and renewable energy;
conserving materials and resources; and
promoting indoor environmental quality.”
(US Green Building Council)
Construction Impacts
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76 million residential buildings in US
5 million commercial buildings in US
consume 40 % or raw materials
32% total energy produced
17% fresh water
25% global wood harvest
5 billion gals water/day just for toilets
generates
– 25-40% of municipal solid waste from C&D
– 50% of US CFC production
– 30% of US CO2 production
Building Operations Impacts
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49% of Sulfur Dioxide emissions
25% nitrous oxide emissions
10% of all particulate matter
1/3 of all energy consumption in US
2/3 of all electricity consumption in US
disturbs natural habitats
contaminates air, soil, and water
depletes non-renewable resources
½ of greenhouse gases
35% of carbon dioxide emissions
community issues
occupant issues
– sources: “The Architecture of Sustainability, 2002”, World Watch Institute,
USGBC
Key Issues and Benefits
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Institution
Building Commissioning
Air Quality
Occupants productivity
and well being
Energy Conservation
Water Conservation
Storm Water
Management
Waste Management
Local & State Standards
& Programs
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Green ethics / commitment
Research and Grant
opportunities
Being a leader (as it
should)
Responsibility to show
importance
Competitive advantage
(ie – recruiting)
Institutional community
demand
Great public relations
Overall Financial Benefits
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Energy
Water
Wastewater
Reduced Waste
Improved Indoor
Environmental Quality
Greater Employee
Comfort/Productivity
Reduced Employee
Health Costs
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Lower Operation and
Maintenance Costs
Competitive First
Costs
– Through integrated
design & synergies
Increased Value & ROI
Marketing Advantage
Reduced Liability
– Improve Risk
Management
– Insurance costs
Overall Financial Benefits
 Financial
Benefits of a Green Building
equate to $50-$70 SF over lifetime
 Over
10X return on any premium
cost associated with building it over
lifetime
Source: USGBC
Air Quality
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Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) – effect the
contents of the inside air has on a
structure and its occupants
People spend 90% of their time indoors
Indoor air has 10-100X higher pollutants
than outdoor air
 USEPA
“Indoor Air Quality” Jan, 6 2003
Energy Conservation
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US uses 25% of world energy but only has
5% of population & 95% of our energy is
from fossil fuels (US Energy Information Administration)
Higher Education - $2 Billion/year on
energy
(American School & University)
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Most can reduce by up to 30% - savings
can be used on:
– New faculty
– Upgrades/renovations for more savings
– New programs
Water Conservation
 USA
uses 340 billion gallons of fresh
water per day
 Nearly 65% is discharged into
waterways
 Energy Policy Act of 1992
 Facilities can easily reduce use by
20-30% with little cost and effort
 Water & Sewer Bills
 Connection Fees & Tax Base
Occupants Well Being and
Productivity
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Relationship exists between worker
comfort/productivity and building
design/operation
Hidden sick days – higher absenteeism,
respiratory ailments, allergies, asthma =
lower productivity, higher insurance and
medical costs
A 1% increase in productivity (about 5
minutes per day) equals $600-700 per
employee per year - a ^1.5% equals about
$1,000/yr
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(Katz 2003 study)
Mythology About First Costs
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Common Perception when we started was
+20-30%
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Past & Current Trend
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Recent Studies
– Average Premium <2% or $3-$5 SF
– Most of cost associated with increased
architectural and engineering design, time,
modeling and integration time
– Earlier you integrate the lower the cost
Mythology About First Costs
Average Green Cost Premium vs. Level of Green
Certification
8
Percent Cost 6
4
Increase
2
0
Basic
Gold
Level of LEED
Certification
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Source: USGBC, Capital E Analysis
Average Green Cost
Premium (in percent)
Mythology About First Costs
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Another recent study has shown the
following average increase in project
construction costs, on a percentage basis
for LEED certification.
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Certified
Silver
Gold
Platinum
0–
0–
0.3
4.5
2.5%
3.3%
– 5.0%
– 8.5%
Start Early – Save Costs
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Source: Sasaki Associates 2004
Mythology About First Costs
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Building green can be done for no additional cost
Initial premium costs are entirely up to you and
project specific
LEED buildings average only a 2-3% increase in
costs, but can be done for the same budget as
traditional buildings with planning
Savings from green building’s more than return
any premium you may choose to put into it
Design Fees will be higher but construction costs
may be reduced
Set Budget first then work fees within framework
General Mythologies
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Appearance of Green Buildings
– You design it to look how you want. It can easily match
traditional campus design or not.
– Carpet, furniture and windows do not have to look different.
They can look like traditional ones only they perform better
and are healthier.
– Does not need to be high tech to be green.
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Time
– Green Buildings take the same amount of time to construct as
regular buildings. More time may be required in the Design
phase though.
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Costs
– Green Buildings do not have to cost more. With planning they
can be built at the same price or less.
– Design fees may be higher in the beginning of the project but
the extra design work will lower the actual construction costs.
In the end the building costs the same and fits in the
traditional budget.
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Normal: 2 + 2 = 4
Green: 3 + 1 = 4
– Long term maintenance and operations costs can be reduced
by 20 – 50% with good planning.
Green Buildings at USC
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West Quad Residence
Hall & Learning Center
School of Public
Health
Library Rare Books
Collection & Modern
Political Wings
Law School
New Honors College
Gamma Phi Beta
Sorority
New Student Health
Center
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Baseball Stadium
Horizon Buildings
Biomedical Buildings
Arnold II
Band/Dance Building
Innovista
West Quad
West Quad
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$30.9M project cost
- $25M const. cost
177,000 SF $141.24/sf
SAME COST & Time
502 bed spaces – 4
buildings
Residential, office,
academic & retail
spaces
Goal of LEED Silver
– Achieved
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Reduced
Construction &
Change Order Costs
45%-55% More
Energy Efficient =
over $50,000
savings annually
20% more Water
Efficient = $ 3900+
savings annually
Residents comment
on improved health
and productivity
West Quad at USC
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Selected “Green” Project Particulars
– Designed to be 40% more energy efficient and to
use 20% less water
– “Green” roof on Learning Center
– Fuel Cell for supplemental electricity & hot water
– Solar pre-heating for domestic hot water
– Low VOC paints and carpets & 100% Fresh Air
– Daylighting in all buildings
 Building orientation
 Light shelves for shading and natural lighting
on southern exposures
 Light wells on Learning Center
– “Green” board in case good furnishings
– Total storm water management integration
US Green Building
Council (USGBC)
Leadership in Energy
& Environmental Design
(LEED)
USGBC’s MISSION:
to promote the design and
construction of buildings that are
environmentally responsible,
profitable, and healthy places to live
and work.
The organization’s activities…
 Integrate building industry
sectors
 Lead market transformation
 Educate owners and practitioners
USGBC is...
 A national nonprofit organization
 A diverse membership of
organizations
 Consensus-driven
 Committee-based product
development
 Developer and administrator of the
LEED® Green Building Rating
System
What is “Green” Design?
Design and construction practices that
significantly reduce or eliminate the negative
impact of buildings on the environment and
occupants in five broad areas:
 Sustainable site planning
 Safeguarding water and water efficiency
 Energy efficiency and renewable energy
 Conservation of materials and resources
 Indoor environmental quality
Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design
A leading-edge system for designing,
constructing, operating and certifying
the world’s greenest buildings.
®
®
Why Was LEED Created?
 Use as a design guideline
 Recognize leaders
 Stimulate green competition
 Establish market value with recognizable
national “brand”
 Raise consumer awareness
 Transform the marketplace!
®
Why Was LEED Created?
 Facilitate positive results for the
environment, occupant health and
financial return
 Define “green” by providing a standard
for measurement
 Prevent “greenwashing” (false or
exaggerated claims)
 Promote whole-building, integrated
design processes
LEED-NC® Market Transformation
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Registered Projects by State - Top 10
35000000
Gross Square Feet-GSF)
30000000
25000000
20000000
15000000
10000000
5000000
0
306 107 102 100
90
76
73
68
68
62
CA
OR
TX
MA
IL
MI
VA
PA
WA
NY
State and Number of Projects
As of 05.02.05
All statistics exclude pilot projects
LEED-NC® Market
Transformation
Registered Projects by State - Top 10
Where does the Southeast stand?
 Georgia
– 62
 South Carolina - 56
 North Carolina – 42
LEED-NC® Point Distribution
Five LEED credit categories
Indoor
Environmental
Quality
Sustainable
23%
Sites
22%
Materials &
Resources
Water
20%
Efficiency
Energy &
Atmosphere
27%
8%
Resources
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www.usgbc.org – US Green Building Council
www.usgbc.org/Resources/links.asp - Extensive Resource
List
www.greenerbuildings.com
The HOK Guidebook to Sustainable Design
WWW.Oikos.com - bookstore
www.iso.org – ISO 14001 EMS
www.epa.gov/ems/index.htm - EPA’s EMS site
www.doe.gov – US DOE
www.epa.gov – US EPA
www.housing.sc.edu/westquadhandbook.asp - West Quad
Handbook
www.sc.edu/sustainableu - Sustainable Universities Initiative
(SUI)
www.buildinggreen.com – Environmental Building News
www.edcmag.com – Environmental Design & Construction
www.gbapgh.org – Green Building Alliance
www.southface.org/web/earthcraft_house/ech_main/ech_index.htm Earth Craft Homes
www.greenglobes.com – Green Globes
Contact Info
Michael Koman
Environmental Programs Manager
1215 Blossom Street
Columbia, SC 29208
[email protected]
803-777-1986
Dr. Gene Luna
Associate Vice President
for Student Affairs
1215 Blossom St
Columbia, SC 29208
[email protected]