Transcript Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information

NORDIANA ABD AZIZ
Group Leader of Geospatial Technology Group
Malaysian Palm Oil Board
Qualifications:
•
•
Master of Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia
B.Sc. Remote Sensing, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
Experiences/Expertise:
• 2 years as Research Officer in Malaysian Centre of Remote Sensing
(MACRES)
• 9 years as Research Officer in MPOB
• Conducting remote sensing image analysis and GIS spatial modeling for foliar
nutrient interpolation, biomass and carbon study
• Involves in National Key Economic Area Project for Improving Oil Palm Yield
Research Interest:
• Remote Sensing & GIS for Earth Science, Environment and Natural Resources
Management
• Web-based GIS database development
APPLICATION of GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY for
OIL PALM PLANTATION DESIGN, PLANNING &
MANAGEMENT
Nordiana Abd Aziz
[email protected]
+603 - 8769 4754
Presentation Outline

Introduction




Geospatial technology for land evaluation
Applications of GIS, GPS and RS
Objectives
Material and Methods





Study area
Satellite image and map
Software and hardware
Image processing
Database development

Results and discussion
 Conclusion
3
Introduction
 Geospatial technology such as
GIS, GPS and RS is being used
for planning and monitoring of
oil palm plantation
 Land evaluation is a process of
assessing land characteristics
and determining its suitability
and viability for development
 Land development involves
planning, land clearing, planting,
and developing infrastuructures,
road and drainage networks
4
Introduction
 The GIS is a computer-based system to manipulate
georeferenced data:
 Entering, storing, manipulating, analysing and
displaying spatial data
 Decision support of oil palm natural resource
development and management
 GPS is a satellite-based radio-navigation system:
 Collecting field data
 Mapping of oil palm area
 RS is the method of acquiring information without
physical contact:
 Methods include aerial photography, radar, and
satellite imaging
5
Objectives
•
•
•
To determine the effectiveness of geospatial
technologies (GPS, GIS and RS) in evaluating and
developing a land for new oil palm planting.
To map the land and determining the extent of
suitable and unsuitable areas for oil palm cultivation.
To determine the developmental requirements of the
land in terms of blocking, road networks, terracing
and number of planting points.
6
Material & Methods
• Study area
 Conducted at proposed MPOB Research Station in
Jerantut, Pahang
• Satellite Image
 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) – Type I
data
 Digital Surface Model (DSM)
 Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
 Orthorectified radar imagery (ORI)
• Hardware
 Trimble Geo XH
• Software
 Global Mapper 13
 ArcGIS 10 with 3D Analyst extension
GPS
7
Previous Project – OP Plantation Design
Sungai Asap, Belaga, Sarawak
8
Study Area
• Subdistrict of Tembeling, Pahang at
geographic location
• (Upper left: 102° 23' 34.512"E,
4°18' 6.175"N, and Lower right: 102°
25' 16.84”E, 4° 16' 47.763" N).
Proposed MPOB Station, Jerantut
9
Material & Methods
• Topographic Information
 Kuala Tembeling map (sheet no 4061 of L7030 series)
 Site survey map of proposed Jerantut station
• IFSAR data pre-processing
 Onboard aircraft data processing from an inertial
measurement unit (IMU)
• to create an interferogram (phase radar difference) to
produce DSM (Digital Surface Model) – carried out by
image provider
 Data conversion
• BIL data format was converted into GeoTIFF using Global
Mapper 13
 Co-registration / geometric correction
• WGS 1984 was reprojected into RSO projection
10
Material & Methods
• Contour and 3D analysis
 Contour
lines
• Generated from Digital
Terrain Model (DTM) using
Global Mapper 13
• Cropping/Subset to the
proposed area
 3D
DTM IFSAR
Contour lines derived
from DTM IFSAR
analysis
• Creating elevation, slope and
terrace lines
• Main road alignment, field
road, drain, planting point
Schematic diagram of oil palm terraces in-relation
to degree of the slope
11
Material & Methods
Survey map &
Topographic map
IFSAR Data
Product
IFSAR Data
Pre-processing
On-board
processing
DSM
Extraction
DTM
Field Visit / GPS Data
ORI
Data conversion
Co-registration /
Geometric Correction
Contour generated
Slope created
Terrace
created
Yes
Road created
No
Accuracy assessment
Drainage
created
Analysis
Planting point created
Output map, table &
report
12
Results & Discussion: Satellite Image Information
DSM
Post spacing:
5.0 m
RMSE
Type I: 0.5 m
Type II: 1.0 m
Type III: 3.0 m
DTM
Post spacing:
5.0 m
RMSE
Type I: 0.7 m
Type II: 1.0 m
ORI
Post spacing:
1.25 or 2.5 m
RMSE
Type I, II & III: 2.0 m
13
Results & Discussion: Overall Land
Information
Area
Land
Ha
%
278.44
82.13
- Road (main road and agriculture road)
- Drain (main drain, collection drain and field drain)
22.18
3.13
6.54
0.92
- Perimeter buffer (drain, road, electric fence)
9.17
2.70
- Non-plantable terrain (>25 degree)
15.82
4.67
- Quarters and office
Sub total
10.30
60.60
3.04
17.87
Total land area
339.04 100.00
A) Plantable area
B) Non-Agriculture area
14
Results & Discussion: Detailed Block
Analysis
Block*
Total
Sub
Total
Area
block
Area
Slope
(ha)
>25º
(ha)
Unplantable Area (ha)
Road** Perimeter
Plantable
Drainage Office
Buffer***
Area (ha)
and
Drainage
A
B
C
58.96
67.42
67.94
A1
23.12
0.00
1.52
0.74
0.26
0.00
20.61
A2
36.48
0.00
1.61
1.10
1.25
0.00
32.52
B1
31.02
0.00
1.65
0.77
0.46
5.32
22.81
B2
37.25
0.00
2.15
0.76
0.99
4.98
28.38
C1
38.25
0.00
2.96
0.82
0.18
0.00
34.30
C2
28.20
1.03
2.19
1.39
0.00
0.00
23.59
15
…Cont
Block*
Total
Sub
Total
Area
block
Area
Slope
(ha)
>25º
(ha)
Unplantable Area (ha)
Road** Perimeter
Plantable
Drainage Office
Buffer***
Area (ha)
and
Drainage
D
88.61
E
56.11
Total
339.04
D1
48.04
5.54
3.47
1.24
0.00
0.00
37.79
D2
40.57
9.26
2.38
0.32
0.00
0.00
28.61
E1
31.81
0.00
2.44
1.04
0.00
0.00
28.33
E2
24.29
0.00
1.80
0.98
0.00
0.00
21.51
339.04
15.82
22.18
9.17
3.13
10.30
278.44
* TNB trail was not included
** Two types road was considered; main road and agriculture road
*** Included perimeter drain, perimeter road and electric fence
16
…Cont
17
Results & Discussion:
Road & Drainage
• The main roads were considered as the block
boundaries for the plantation in this study.
• The roads were created in straight line for every 20
planting lines on flat land.
• For hilly area, the road alignment cut across the
terraces from the lower ground up to the hill top at 8 100 climbing slope.
• Sufficient drain networks are important for low lying
areas to avoid flooding. General recommendation for
drain intensity is one drain for every four to eight oil
palm planting lines depending on elevation and water
table levels of the area.
18
Results & Discussion: Detailed Road
Analysis
• Density of road: 165.06 m/ha
Type
Length (m)
Main road
Agricultural /
Collection road
Perimeter
boundary road
Total
8,072.66
39,891.31
8,058.16
56,022.13
19
Results & Discussion: Detailed Road
Analysis
Road Network
20
Results & Discussion: Detailed Road
Analysis in Each Block
Block
A
B
C
D
E
Total
Subblock
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
D1
D2
E1
E2
Area
(ha)
23.12
36.48
31.02
37.25
38.25
28.20
48.04
40.57
31.81
24.29
339.04
Main
road (ha)
0.12
0.53
0.25
0.90
0.90
0.70
0.91
0.57
0.32
0.37
5.57
Road Types
Agricultural
Perimeter
road (ha)
boundary road
(ha)
1.39
0.33
1.08
0.35
1.34
0.35
1.08
0.34
2.25
0.37
1.51
0.57
2.63
0.56
1.82
0.14
2.04
0.47
1.44
0.44
16.59
3.92
21
Results & Discussion: Elevation map
• Derived from the contour lines.
• Range of elevation: 54m to 180m from mean sea
level (MSL)
Hilly
areas
Flat
area
22
Results & Discussion: Slope & Terrain
Analysis
Slope
Class
Total Area
Ha
%
0-6
98.09
28.92
7 - 15
160.0
47.18
16 - 24
64.54
19.03
> 25
16.48
4.86
Total
339.11
100
(degree)
23
Results & Discussion: Slope & Terrain
Analysis
Slope Map
24
Results & Discussion:
Terrace Design
• Double Terrace (7 - 15 °)
- width: 3.5 to 4.5 m
- The top terrace is the planting row while the bottom
terrace is for the movement of vehicle
- erosion control & monitor the flow of water
• Single Terrace (16 - 24 °)
- width: 3.5 to 4.5 m
- known as mechanical terracing (expensive)
- good for water conservation, prevent fertiliser wash,
protect roads, easier accessibility, improve crop
recovery & etc
25
Results & Discussion:
Terrace Design
Slope
Categories
Terracing
0 – 60
flat
no
7 - 150
rolling to undulating
yes
16 – 240
hilly
yes
> 250
steep
yes
26
Results & Discussion:
Terrace Design
Terrace
design
Single
Double
Total
Slope Class
(degree)
16 - 24
7 -15
Length
(km)
64.1
131.0
195.1
27
..Cont
Terrace Map
28
Results & Discussion: Single Terrace
Block
A
B
C
D
E
Total
Subblock
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
D1
D2
E1
E2
Total Area
(ha)
23.12
36.48
31.02
37.25
38.25
28.20
48.04
40.57
31.81
24.29
339.04
Terrace Length
(m)
4,321.21
0.00
40.91
0.00
2,367.79
8,110.40
22,395.78
12,805.20
10,697.25
3,348.09
64,086.64
Density
(m/ha)
186.91
0.00
1.32
0.00
61.90
287.65
466.18
315.60
336.24
137.82
1,793.62
29
Results & Discussion: Double Terrace
Block
Sub-block
A
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
D1
D2
E1
E2
B
C
D
E
Total
Total Area
(ha)
23.12
36.48
31.02
37.25
38.25
28.20
48.04
40.57
31.81
24.29
339.04
Terrace Length
(m)
10,825.38
2,764.32
10,831.18
4,239.81
23,320.45
14,835.44
16,309.69
14,944.22
14,468.37
18,378.22
130,917.08
Density
(m/ha)
468.24
75.79
349.14
113.81
609.68
526.16
339.49
368.32
454.78
756.49
4,061.90
30
Results & Discussion:
Terrace Design
31
Results & Discussion:
Palm Planting Point
• Determined based on slope class
Slope
Class
(degree)
No
of Palms
0-6
14,329
7 - 15
14,930
16 - 24
7,173
Total
36,432
32
Results & Discussion:
Palm Planting Point
Palm planting point map
33
Results & Discussion:
Palm Per Block Analysis
Block
Block
Area
Subblock
A
59.6
B
68.3
C
66.4
D
88.6
E
56.1
A1
A2
B1
B2
C1
C2
D1
D2
E1
E2
Total
339.04
Sub Block Planted area Stand count Palm density
Area (ha)
(ha)
(palm/ha)
23.12
36.48
31.02
37.25
38.25
28.20
48.04
40.57
31.81
24.29
339.04
Average
20.61
32.52
22.81
28.38
34.30
23.59
37.79
28.61
28.33
21.51
278.45
2,541
4,891
2,815
4,207
4,389
2,893
4,833
3,687
3,529
2,647
36,432
123
150
123
148
128
123
128
129
125
123
131
34
Results & Discussion: Project Cost
ONE-OFF PROJECT COST
SOFTWARE
ARCGIS 10
OPERATIONAL COST
(RM) DATA
40,000 IFSAR Data
GLOBAL MAPPER 13
1,200 (RM128 / 50 kmsq)
HARDWARE
(RM)
TRIMBLE GEO XH.
DEST/LAP TOP COMP.
TOTAL
(RM)
6,400
30,000
5,000
76,200 TOTAL
6,400
35
Other Applications
• Land evaluation and development
using geospatial technology has
been applied to MPOB Keratong,
Pahang in Peninsular Malaysia for
nutrient interpolation study.
SPOT-5 Satellite image
Nutrient Interpolation Study
Quickbird Satellite image
36
..Cont
Mapping of Oil Palm Cultivation In
Malaysia – TT No. 473
Application of Information Technologies for
Land Evaluation and Development - TS No. 100
Malaysian Unified Peat Classification
Technique - TT No. 529
Remote Sensing Measurement for Oil Palm Detection of
Bagworm Infestation in Oil Palm Plantation - TT No. 502
Immature palms
www.mpob.gov.my
Conclusions
• The advancement of IFSAR data associated with
GPS and GIS technology is useful for land
evaluation and development for oil palm cultivation
• The technologies can predetermine the blocking,
number planting points, roads, drains, terraces,
conservation areas etc. based on land topography
• The information is useful for preparing the budget
and contracts for a new oil palm plantation
• The database developed can be used for future
management and monitoring of the plantation
38
THANK YOU
39