Transcript CURRENT STATUS OF THE SPENT FUEL MANAGEMENT FROM …

DECOMMISSIONING
OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC
Peter Lietava
Division of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel Management
State Office for Nuclear Safety
Senovážné náměstí 9
CZ - 110 00 Prague 1
CZECH REPUBLIC
tel: +420 221 624 763
fax: +420 221 624 786
e-mail: [email protected]
NATIONAL SITUATION - I.
- 2 NPPs - Dukovany (4x440 MWe), Temelín (2x981 MWe);
- Four reactor units of NPP Dukovany
will be in operation at least
30 years; i.e. the end of their
operation will be in 2015 - 2018 (very likely the
operational period will be
prolonged),
- Both units of NPP Temelín
are still in “trial operation”
phase (August 2004), but
the licence for permanent
operation should be issued
till the end of 2004; expected
operation period - min.
40 years.
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NATIONAL SITUATION - II.
MPU 1
MPU 2
ISFSF
Site of
planned SFSF
Near Surface Repository
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NATIONAL SITUATION - III.
- The national regulatory body - State Office for Nuclear Safety (SÚJB),
performs the state supervision among others in the field of decommissioning
of a nuclear installation (NI) or workplace of III or IV category and radioactive
waste (RAW) management,
- These activities are regulated by the Act No. 18/1997 Coll. (Atomic Act) as
amended and implementing SÚJB Decree No. 185/2003 Coll., on the
decommissioning of nuclear installation or category III or IV workplace, as
well as by the SÚJB Decree No. 307/2002 Coll., on radiation protection,
- The preparation for decommissioning shall be included in each stage of
lifecycle of a nuclear installation
* siting licence documentation for a NI shall include a draft concept for
safe termination of the operation,
* licensing documentation for construction of a NI shall include as part of
the Preliminary Safety Report the method for safe decommissioning of
the installation, including disposal of RAW,
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NATIONAL SITUATION - IV.
* licensing documentation for each commissioning stage of a NI for the
initial fuel load shall also include the proposed method of
decommissioning approved by the Office as well as the estimated cost
of decommissioning verified by the Radioactive Waste Repository
Authority (SÚRAO),
* operating licence documentation for a NI shall include the proposed
method of decommissioning approved by SÚJB as well as the
estimated cost of decommissioning verified by SÚRAO,
* decommissioning licence application - the evaluation of environmental
effects of decommissioning shall be a prerequisite for issue of the
decommissioning licence.
- There are no NPPs and other NI on the Czech Republic’s territory in
the stage of decommissioning,
- The decommissioning of the first NI (research reactor LR-0) should
start in 2008 and first NPP unit (Dukovany) in 2015 or later,
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DECOMMISSIONING - I.
- The holder of operating licence is liable for decommissioning of a NI. Based
on the estimated total cost of decommissioning verified by SÚRAO, he evenly
creates provision for the financial funds deposited on a blocked account to be
available for the preparation and execution of decommissioning in required
time. The cost has to be in compliance with the decommissioning proposal
approved by SÚJB. A joint implementing regulation of the Ministry of Industry
and Trade and SÚJB stipulates the method of creating the provision for
decommissioning. The funds kept on a blocked account,
- The binding content of the licence documentation for each stage of
decommissioning of a NI is provided in Item G. of the Annex to Atomic Act:
* Evidence of availability of finance for decommissioning activities;
* Description of changes to local area due to nuclear installation operation;
* Description of technical procedures proposed for decommissioning;
* Decommissioning time schedule;
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DECOMMISSIONING - II.
* Method of dismantling, decontamination, conditioning, transport,
storage and elimination of parts of installation contaminated by
radionuclides;
* Assumed types and activities of radionuclides discharged into the
environment and radioactive waste generated;
* Method of radioactive waste management, including its disposal;
* Limits and conditions for safe management of radioactive waste
during decommissioning process;
* Safety analyses;
* Scope and method of measurement and evaluation of exposure
of exposed workers and other persons and contamination of the
workplace and its vicinity by radionuclides and ionising radiation;
* On-site emergency plan;
* Evidence of provision of physical protection of decommissioned
nuclear installation.
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DECOMMISSIONING - III.
- Every five years the licence documentation for each stage of
decommissioning of a NI has to be updated and approved by the SÚJB,
- Current options for decommissioning of NPPs:
* immediate dismantling,
* deferred dismantling
after 50 y of protective
closure of reactor units,
* deferred dismantling
after 50 y of protective
closure of so called
« nuclear island »
(all buildings with
technologies working
with contaminated
material - e.g. RAW treatment facilities, auxiliary buildings, laundries, ...)
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WASTE STREAMS - I.
- Waste treatment technologies (operational period, NPP Dukovany):
* controlled collection, measurement and compaction (solid waste),
* controlled collection, sedimentation and distillation (liquid waste) concentrate is bituminized and condensate is cleaned on ion
exchangers and recycled;
* for sludges and ion exchangers geopolymere technology might be
used (final
technology
has to be in
operation till 2010)
- so far they are
collected and
stored in tanks,
* treatment or
retention (gaseous waste),
* disposal of operational and decommissioning RAW from both NPPs.
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WASTE STREAMS - II.
- Waste treatment technologies (operational period, NPP Temelín):
* controlled collection, storage and conditioning (solid waste),
* controlled storage, treatment and conditioning (liquid waste)
• from storage tank the liquid RAW is treated by centrifuge and
the created sludges are stored together with concentrate,
• wastewater is then treated by evaporation and created
concentrate is stored in tank before its bituminization,
• ion exchangers used by the cleaning of condensate can be
also bituminised,
* treatment by filtration and retention (gaseous waste),
- Waste in 200 l drums is transported and disposed in near surface
repository at the Dukovany site.
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WASTE STREAMS - III.
- Waste treatment technologies (decommissioning, both NPPs):
* for preparation phases of all three decommissioning options
available operational facilities for RAW treatment and conditioning
will be used (water cleaning, bituminization, low pressure
compactor) + high pressure compactor for solid RAW treatment,
incineration and cementation conditioning facility,
* for second phase of immediate dismantling and last phase of
remaining two decommissioning options new facility for final RAW
treatment and conditioning has to be constructed with
fragmentation, decontamination and high pressure compaction
technologies, bituminization and/or cementation facility, … In NPP
Temelín a steel melting facility is expected to be constructed for
immediate dismantling option.
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WASTE STREAMS - IV.
- NPP Dukovany:
* immediate dismantling
• bituminised RAW - 370/260 m3 (preparation/dismantling phase),
• cemented RAW - 29/3364,2 m3,
• soft pressable RAW - 12/397 m3,
• metalic pressable RAW - 5,6/1492 m3,
• ion exchangers - 60/65 m3,
* deferred dismantling after 50 y of protective closure of reactor units
• bituminised RAW - 790/- m3,
• cemented RAW - 2730 m3,
• soft pressable RAW - 294 m3,
• metalic pressable RAW - 1506 m3,
• ion exchangers - 125 m3,
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WASTE STREAMS - V.
* deferred dismantling after 50 y of protective closure of «nuclear island»
• bituminised RAW - 220/250 m3 ,
• cemented RAW - 331/1546 m3,
• soft pressable RAW - 66/91 m3,
• metalic pressable RAW - -/10 m3,
• ion exchangers - 60/65 m3,
- NPP Temelín:
* immediate dismantling
• bituminised RAW - 1460 m3,
• solid RAW - 4400 m3,
* deferred dismantling after 50 y of protective closure of reactor units
• cemented RAW - 1430 m3,
• solid RAW - 3230 m3,
* deferred dismantling after 50 y of protective closure of «nuclear island»
• cemented RAW - 1680 m3,
• solid RAW - 2650 m3.
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WASTE STREAMS - VI.
- If RAW from decommissioning activities will not fulfil the waste
acceptance criteria for Dukovany repository, it will be disposed in planned
deep geological repository (DGR),
- Volume of disposed RAW:
* NPP Dukovany - 31 274/2024 pcs. of 200 l drums for the first option
(near surface repository/DGR), 30 678/2024 pcs. for second option
and 12 864/2024 pcs. for third option,
* NPP Temelín - for all options about 620 m3.
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